Introduction. Local development refers to the generation of coordination and organization spaces between the actors of a territory, seeking the deployment and performance of determining factors through an adequate operation whose objective is to achieve the well-being of its inhabitants. Objective. Faced with this, this research seeks to contribute with the design of a development strategy that stimulates the manufacture of hats, considering political-institutional aspects, of productive development and training. Methodology. The research is based on the collection of primary information. On the one side, in-depth interviews with influential actors in the artisanal sector and, on the other hand, surveys of producers of toquilla straw hats. For the application of the survey, a simple random sampling has been carried out. Result. The weaving of toquilla straw hats is very relevant to the local economy, especially women in rural areas of the cantonal head and in the parishes of Cuchil, Guel, San Bartolomé and Ludo. This activity represents the most important income for each of them. In this sense, the strategy proposes to generate market opportunities, diversify and expand sales channels, improve models and improve the quality of the hat. Conclusion. The manufacture of hats involves various activities, actors and factors, which pose important challenges when it comes to inserting itself as a sector in the local economic development of the canton, ranging from the search for a balance between production costs versus the sale price, the demand for the product in the market, its commercialization and institutional strengthening for its promotion. However, it can be seen that there is progress in the associations that have diversified the products, which comes hand in hand with training and institutional promotion processes for their sustainability.

Introduction. Tourism has become an important factor in the socioeconomic development of countries, as a consequence of the fact that local, endogenous and regional development is considered among the strategies that allow the progress of a territory, be it a locality or region. The globalization process, the increasing decentralization of public policies and the retraction of the State have contributed to this result, which had among its functions to provide basic services to the population in order to promote a better quality of life. Objective. Design an agrotourism development plan as a local economic revitalization strategy for the Déleg Canton. Methodology. The research design was non-experimental, descriptive, with a mixed approach, where the chosen population was fifty (50) residents of the Déleg Canton. Results. In this sense, it is evident that 74% of the population consulted, specified that the tourist attractions of that area are not given adequate treatment to generate agrotourism in the area, they indicate that the main source of income in this community is given by agriculture. Conclusion. It was concluded that the formation of tourist routes is a great opportunity in places where there are potentially tourist resources, which are not used or are promoted in isolation, constituting an option for endogenous local / regional development.

Introduction: In the framework of these previous models and the experience acquired, Ecuador promoted, starting in 2008, the implementation of planning as a system, based on a development regime, which determined territorial management and development plans by levels of government, aimed at resolving territorial imbalances that promote development and socio-economic-environmental equity of the populations. Objective: This Article aims to examine the contribution of planning, in its dimension of consolidation to the development of Region three of Ecuador during the last decade, which allows understanding the nature of the advances and / or critical nodes in the achievement of development through who have faced this public policy in the region. Methodology: A closed, multiple-choice survey was applied to representatives among public servants, personnel working in universities, private associations; the research work presented used the bibliographic method. Results: The present investigation allows to point out some development indicators of Zone 3 of Ecuador, thus, access to water (irrigation and drinking), health and education in 42.04% constitutes an important concern for the surveyed citizens, it focuses on agriculture, tourism, services and real estate development that covers 65.19% of productive activities, and drought, lack of energy, natural disasters and unemployment are the majority risks with 55.46%. Conclusions: In order to have adequate results in the economic and social sphere, through history Ecuador has adopted different economic models that allow the elimination of differences between social classes and economic powers, in order to achieve adequate sustainable development for all sectors and economic activities in the country, that is, there are fewer inequalities.

Introduction. The popular and solidarity economy in Ecuador was recognized in the 2008 Constitution, giving way to the approval of the Organic Law of the Popular and Solidarity Economy in 2011. The common needs of people and the demand for products, goods and services from The State generated the creation of new organizations that are part of the social fabric and productive sector, hence the need to identify them and know their characteristics, as well as their importance within the local development of a territory. Objective. Determine the characteristics of the non-financial sector of the popular and solidarity economy, in the case of the Cuenca canton. Methodology. The research is descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational in nature. To characterize the organizations of the popular and solidarity economy -OEPS, a questionnaire from the Guide for mapping and surveying the Popular and Solidarity Economy in Latin America and the Caribbean was applied to obtain and analyze information on three thematic axes: articulation of the actors of the popular solidarity economy and the social and solidarity economy, characteristics of the Popular Solidarity Economy organizations, and characteristics of the products, goods and services of the OEPS, finally to identify the relationship between the variables number of members and monthly income. Results. In the Cuenca canton there are 308 OEPS, 86% in active status: 151 are associations being 57%, 113 are cooperatives being 42%, and 2 unions being 1%. 65% of the OEPS are urban and 35% rural. 18 classes of associations, 11 types of cooperatives and 1 class of union are identified. Conclusion. The reliability analysis presented a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.881. The results of the analysis of the variables show that the economic income of the organizations is higher in the organizations that have a greater number of members.

This research contributes to understanding the specific characteristics of the atmosphere in a locality to preserve and conserve people's health, ambient air quality, the well-being of ecosystems and the environment in general. Thus, the purpose of this research is to present the procedure and analysis carried out to obtain the horizontal and vertical stratification coefficient, and to determine the maximum concentration of pollutants from fixed point sources in the city of Loja - Ecuador, based on Berlyand's model.  Through the research methodology, the predominant stability classes in the city of Loja were determined. Likewise, the average values of the dispersion parameters were determined.  Finally, the value of the coefficient A of the Berlyand equation for the city of Loja was obtained analytically, whose value is 83.

Introduction. This study was based on an analysis carried out on elementary basic general education students of the Mario Cobo Barona Educational Unit, due to the fact that they had difficulties when reading and understanding, a situation that was associated with low academic performance, low motivational classes and traditionalists limiting the student's creativity and intellectual growth. Objective. Strengthen the capacity for reflection, analysis, comprehension, argumentation and synthesis of the texts read. Methodology. The work had a mixed, empirical, descriptive and analytical approach, which allowed by means of the application of instruments to identify the main causes of this problem. Results. As the main results, it was obtained that 60% of the students did not consider reading as an alternative for improvement and enjoyment, 25% sometimes do so with comic books or stories. 82% of the students mentioned that the classes are not motivated by interesting readings according to their age, and 75% indicated that after the short readings the teachers ask questions about the text, but that in long readings they prefer to send essays or writing, in this way history was established as a didactic strategy framed in motivation, reading comprehension and material resources that in a simple, practical way and according to the age of the student. Conclusion. It was concluded that reading comprehension is fundamental in the reality of the classroom, in all areas of knowledge and in the different school stages and that the motivation to read involves a series of efforts that can be executed through didactic strategies such as the story.

Introduction. This research helps to solve some of the urgent needs of the Ecuadorian forestry sector, in order to implement a set of strategies that serve for the identification, botanical and anatomical characterization of timber species, to help reduce the problems of illegal logging and logging. improve mobilization and marketing processes in the territory. At the same time, it serves as the basis for further research related to mechanical properties, physical properties, durability and protection of economically important species. Objective. To determine macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Apeiba membranacea, Cordia alliodora, Erisma uncinatum, Jacaranda copaia and Virola glycycarpa. Methodology. For the development of the research, the samples were identified in the herbarium of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. To describe the organoleptic properties, a sample with a size of 15 x 8 x 2 cm was obtained and its brightness, color, grain, smell, taste, texture, and marbling were analyzed. For the study of the anatomical characteristics, 2x2x2 cm cubes were prepared to soften them, each sample was placed in a glass bottle with distilled water. The flask was covered with aluminum foil and autoclaved at a temperature of 121 ° C and a pressure of 1.1 atmospheres. Three planes were made with a rotary microtome: transverse, radial and tangential. To observe the anatomical structures of the sections, safranin, Astrablue and Astrablue / Safranin were used. To calculate the density, each sample was weighed and a calibrator was used to calculate the volume. To obtain the pH value, 10 grams of sawdust (substrate) were weighed, which was placed in a beaker with distilled water to form a homogeneous mixture and then the pH value was measured. Results. Astrablue / Safranin staining is the one with the best performance. Each species presented macroscopic characteristics different from each other. According to the smell and taste, three of them have the same characteristics, while for the grain the five species have the same type. Regarding the brightness, they all have it of medium type. Regarding the size of the pores, almost all the species presented medium pores, except Jacaranda copaia, which presented large pores. In relation to the number of pores in Jacaranda copaia the least number of pores was observed, while in Erisma uncinatum the highest amount. Virola glycycarpa has the highest density and Membranous Apeiba the lowest. Two of the studied species presented basic pH and three acidic pH. Conclusions. The species belonging to five different families presented different characteristics.

For the recycling and reuse of PET plastic bottles, it is developed through a process called crushing, this activity allows reducing the volume that the bottles occupy in the recyclers, in addition to facilitating their transportation. The design of the plastic bottle recycling machine prototype is based on the shear cutting activity performed by the blades with a rotation of 10 rpm. The objective of the research pursues the design and construction of an ergonomic machine prototype that is easy to maintain, as well as economically accessible for its construction. Consequently, typical mechanical properties of plastic bottles were analyzed in the cutting process, in order to select a suitable cutting process for crushing. Process that is achieved by the force of a 3 Hp engine and a chain drive. Additionally, it seeks to give a usability option to the machine by incorporating an extruder, which at a temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C presents excellent operability. At the end of the extruder, a PET plastic-based material is obtained that can be used in different shapes, coatings or for shaping fibers. The research becomes a sustainable and feasible alternative for the medium and small industry that is happy to offer products based on recycled material such as plastic bottles.           

Introduction: A study was carried out to relate ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders in the jean manufacturing area of the Jean's Ramos Llerena Consortium with exposure to work postures and repetitive movements using the OCRA index, the REBA method and the Questionnaire Nordic Standardized, the study verified the presence of musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and dorsal or lumbar region due to repetitive movements and inappropriate postures, as well as short recovery times. Methods: The research design was analytical, cross-sectional, prospective and descriptive. A sample of 43 workers from the jean manufacturing area was used, an evaluation of the position was carried out with the matrix of occupational risks, application of the OCRA index, REBA method and Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, all these methods previously reviewed and validated for their application with teachers and professionals related to the subject. Results: In the matrix of occupational risks, the presence of repetitive movements and inappropriate postures was detected with a Very Severe risk level, the OCRA method demonstrated an unacceptable level of risk of repetitive movements, the REBA method demonstrated a final score of 6, medium risk and a necessary action for inappropriate postures. In the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, workers perform between 2 or 3 activities with a time of approximately 1 to 5 years in the company, there are discomfort in the neck in 37 workers (86%) and in the dorsal or lumbar region in 38 workers (88, 3%) with absenteeism between 1 to 7 days clearly attributed to work. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a high relationship between ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders since most of the workers presented discomfort in the neck and dorsal or lumbar spine due to routine at work, poor postural habits and repetitive movements.

Introduction. The use of inorganic flame retardants in sprinkler-type fire systems is an alternative that can help in extinguishing uncontrolled fires and protecting high-risk chemical laboratories. Objetives. Extinguishing conditions were established according to NFPA 13 and UNE 12845 standards and the efficacy was calculated by comparing the two conditions: use of water and use of inorganic fire retardant, using the Consolidated Model of Fire and Smoke Transport (CFAST) and Smokview 7 software. Methodology. It was determined: the level of fire risk according to the UNE 12845 standard, then the operating conditions under critical operating conditions and maximum work load according to the NFPA 13 and UNE 12845 standards and finally the effectiveness of smoke evacuation and reduction was tested of the temperature of the room by testing the inorganic fire retardant solution with known values ​​of decrease in the heat release curve (HRR) with the CFAST and Smkeview 7 program. Results. It was determined: extra-group 2 risk fire risk level, the maximum surface area per sprinkler is 12 m2, the minimum design density is 5mm / min for each sprinkler, the smoke saturation improvement time of the site considering the use of water and dilution of inorganic flame retardants based on Magnesium Hydroxide Mg (OH) 2 at 9% (Pozo Álvarez, 2020) as an extinguishing medium is 37% and a 48.57% improvement in cooling time is observed , with a pressure of 101,500 Pa, an average temperature of 20 ° C in the city of Ambato, an oxygen percentage of 15% according to the NFPA 13 and UNE 12845 standards. Conclution. The application of inorganic flame retardants Magnesium Hydroxide as a fire extinguishing method results in a 37% improvement in the increase in the time in the removal of pollutants and a 48.57% improvement in the cooling time  assumes an improvement in system efficiency according to CFAST.

Introduction: Financial innovation, being considered a tool that allows offering faster and lower-cost financial products and services, is directly linked to the generation of income for entities in the financial sector. Objective: Analyze the incidence of financial innovation in the generation of income in the savings and credit cooperatives segment 1 of the Chimborazo province, considering variables such as ATMs, deposits, placements, number of financial operations and the income generated in the period 2018 - 2020. Methodology: The research approach was quantitative, the inductive deductive method allowed to analyze the data obtained from the variables, a linear regression model was applied through the STATA 16.1 software. Results: The financial innovation known as ATMs shows a 36% increase in the income of the savings and credit cooperatives in segment 1. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, it is concluded that there is a positive impact of financial innovation in the generation of income of the financial entities analyzed.

The aim of this research is to determine the necessary steps for data collection for the calculation of reliability indicators in urban electrical substations and urban primary feeders of the Empresa Eléctrica Riobamba S.A. Data collection is the fundamental step to obtain a correct analysis of the indicators, the results of the different analysis are directly related to the collected information credibility. The reliability of a piece of equipment depends on how it was designed, that is, on its intrinsic characteristics, a good operation and maintenance of the equipment will be reflected in a lower incidence of failure events; However, these events always happen due to deficiencies in its operation, maintenance, design, environmental conditions and normal degradation process because of the usage. To estimate reliability, it is necessary to determine with several steps: at first, an adequate equipment taxonomy and definition of the limits of each system. The second step is data collection, a good analysis depends on its quality, it is advisable to establish a good collection and a registration system always based on standardized and normalized definitions, the review of international regulations is essential to correctly establish these concepts.

Introduction. The 3D prints with cement and sand mortars were made with a fabrication printer combining with a standard type of printer the same one that was modified with an extruder to eject the mortar in a way that executes desired elements. Objective. To analyze cement mortars with sand to see their behavior during the 3D printing process, with aggregates obtained from mines in zone 3 of Ecuador. Methodology. The physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the materials used were previously analyzed at the National University of Chimborazo, whose results are of great importance for the analysis of the experimental tests elaborated in a prototype printer that allows this process. Results. It is evidenced that the two mortars described are printable. In addition, it is determined that for the mortar CH1 the material can be inside the injector up to 11 minutes and for TN1 only 7 minutes, times that can be without hardening, otherwise the printer nozzle is clogged. Conclusions. The CH1 mortar during printing forms more precise elements but its setting is slow and has greater deformations in each row, the TN1 elements are less precise but the setting of the mortar is faster than CH1 and generates less deformations.

Introduction. In the experiments carried out, a metric from 1 to 10 is used as a reference, with 1 being determined as the maximum deficient range and 10 as the maximum efficient range, this scale being commonly used in high education institutions.  In each experiment, the different components of the aforementioned methodology for the practical subjects are integrated in order to assess the incidence of each of them in the student's receptivity to knowledge and to understand the relevance of the applied teaching methodology. Objective. To analyze the university teaching model and the use of teaching and learning methodologies for the assessment of professional training activities. Methodology. The research design begins with a descriptive-correlational study in which the behavior of the different variables and the incidence between them is analyzed. The research designs. is based on a descriptive-correlational study in which the behavior of specific variables and the incidence among them is analyzed. Results. The results found that in experiment (A) using 100% of the time with the theoretical approach, values concentrated in 2/10 (inefficient) are obtained. While in experiment (B) with 100% of the time of the lesson dedicated to practical activities, a concentration of 3/10 (inefficient) results are observed. In experiment C, when incorporating an empirical activity, the concentration is situated in the range of 5/10 (inefficient). On the contrary, in experiment D, when incorporating feedback within the time of the course, we find a result clustering around 6-7/10 (Acceptable). In comparison, in experiment E, by adding a theoretical activity as a reinforcement task, we obtain results in the range of 6/10 (Inefficient). Finally, tasks with practical activities with theoretical foundations are incorporated reflecting values around 7 and 8/10 (Acceptable). Conclusions. It is concluded that the implementation of each of the factors (theoretical induction, culinary practice, experiential activity, feedback, practical activities - theoretical) have a direct impact on student learning, understanding and receptivity, all directly influencing the assessments carried out.

Introduction. Pennisetum sp is a tropical grass that is characterized by its high productive yield being demanding to fertilization, reason for which the objective was set. To determine the productive behavior of Pennisetum sp to the application of 10-30-10, poultry manure and urea in the Morona canton. Methodology, the present work was developed at an altitude of 1016 meters above sea level, and an ambient temperature between 15 to 32 °C, whose meteorological conditions were 80% relative humidity, 3000 to 4000 mm of rainfall and 12 hours/day of heliophany; 192 m² of surface were used in which the Pennisetum sp (maralfalfa) crop was established and on which the treatments were applied: 1000 kg/ha of 10-30-10 (T1), 10 Tm / ha of chicken manure (T2) and 10 Tm of chicken manure plus 1000 kg of 10-30-10 / ha (T3); in each treatment 200 kg of Urea were applied, against a control, with four replications, which were distributed considering the mathematical model corresponding to the Completely Randomized Block Design, the crop information was: plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days, green forage production and dry matter. Results. It was demonstrated that the application of 10 Tm of poultry manure, 1000 kg of 10-30-10 plus 200 kg of urea allowed to register heights at 30, 60 and 90 days of 0.66, 1.24 and 1.26 meters and a production of green forage and dry matter of 65.20 and 13.04 Tn/ha, superior to the rest of the fertilization system; it is concluded that the use of fertilizer 10-30-10 + urea in doses of 1000 and 2000 kg/ha/crop allows a higher forage production.

Introduction. Resilience is much more than resisting, it is also learning to be in life as a process in which difficulties are an opportunity to improve personal and social life. Therefore, resilience not only entails overcoming adversity and the ability to solve problems, but it is spontaneously rebuilding in the face of difficulties between people and their environment, with the affective bond of individual and community discernment being the most important factor. Because, when the challenge of confronting the different human crises is accepted, it is when the problems are seen as an opportunity for growth. In this sense, the human being is capable of facing his merely individual limits and discovering the possibility of a construction in a community sense, starting from the encounter with others. Objective. Understand how it is possible to transform the Christian communities of Mexico City, in the midst of perplexity, through the development of their resilience. In a change of era, where we can no longer give answers to questions that no one asks anymore. Methodology. The research design was a life review, descriptive and cross-sectional type. The population was 100 respondents. The social groups analyzed are: merchants, bricklayers, housewives, students, and the unemployed. The sample was validated by the judgments of health specialists and experts, rating validity, relevance and coherence. In addition, the hypothesis was tested by contrast, carried out using the chi-square test. Results. Among the results, it was found that housewives are the ones who exercise more resilience, and that they could be the guardian agents of resilience. Conclusion. In light of the results, the need to work on the development of community ties that allow the promotion of the mission is concluded. Specifically, they could be taught to work as a team, setting short-term goals, helping them to follow them, instructing them in strategies to check their achievement status, so that their level of self-awareness and knowledge and connection with others.

Introduction. Meaningful learning has a great impact on the teaching and learning process in the English language, this study encourages the participation of foreign language students and language teachers to optimize the oral and written production of the English language in the understanding of genuine pedagogical material during the creation of comic strips and English writing. Objective. Demonstrate the motivation of students at the higher level for language development. Encourage the creation of illustrative material to promote foreign language proficiency. Promote oral production through activities such as storytelling and communicative writing. Methodology. The research was conducted through two methods, the first one was based on the qualitative method in order to establish the improvement in language learning. The second approach focused its quantitative model to determine the exact number of students who exceed learning expectations. Results. The meaningful learning approach applied in the present study showed that the level of English in higher education students were conducted with ideal results, since it allowed to determine how to maintain interest in developing communication strategies and improving writing and oral language skills. In the collection of information sources, it was necessary to apply questionnaires, surveys and oral evaluations in the English language, since they allowed obtaining accurate results. Conclusion. It was concluded that the construction of unique material represented a great advance for the significant learning of the foreign language, cooperative work and the educational model based on experiences lived by university students allowed the implementation of a unique model when making their own comic strips.

Introduction, Jean-Baptiste Say argued that every offer generates its own demand, starting from that statement it is essential to undertake, therefore, this research Objective to determine the sources of financing of the undertakings executed in the Riobamba canton, and at the same time establish the variables that impede access to financing and hinder financial sustainability. Methodology, this study was based on a qualitative and quantitative approach, with a deductive process, the scope was descriptive since a reality is detailed, we worked with a population of 74 enterprises of the Riobamba canton, analytical and synthetic methods were combined. Among the results obtained, it is established that in the Riobamba canton 57% of the ventures are financed with their own funds, and 27% are financed with bank credit, Result, it has been determined that one of the main variables that prevent access to financing are the interest rates, which depending on the financial institution vary between 5 and 20% and even exceed this range, Conclusions, it is important to consider is the Pandemic that has directly impacted on the income of entrepreneurs and therefore on Its profits, this situation, interest rates, among others, are critical factors that affect the financial sustainability of the ventures, and could cause bankruptcy or closure, if the government does not implement rescue policies for this sector, such as the establishment of a unique and preferential interest rate for entrepreneurs.

Introduction. Smart Tourism is a tourism modality focused on the use of technological infrastructure, which allows places or destinations through improved experiences related to sustainability, giving way to the generation of Smart Tourist Destinations (DTI), mainly in cities where tourist activity It is highly developed and has access to the implementation of ICTs. The City of Guayaquil, considered one of the preferred tourist places, has implemented several technological resources, it is still not enough to be considered as a DTI. Objetive. Describe the resources and technological assets that the city of Guayaquil has and the importance for the city of becoming a DTI. Methodology. The research design was quantitative and qualitative, documentary, descriptive and applied. The research population was 100 tourists who visit the city of Guayaquil, to whom a structured survey was applied that allows evidence of tourist activity. Results. Guayaquil has few resources and technological assets destined for smart tourism, therefore it cannot be considered as a Smart Tourist Destination, however, it is necessary to consider the components of innovation, technology, sustainability and accessibility; aspects that would be a great advance for the tourist, economic and social development of the city. Conclusion. It is necessary to implement new technological resources that enhance smart tourism in Guayaquil, in order to be considered a DTI that significantly contributes to the sustainability of the city.

Introduction. Warner (1965) was a pioneer in establishing the random response technique to reduce alterations of the estimators due to false or conditioned responses. From this contribution there were later techniques such as the unrelated response technique proposed by Greenberg (1969) and the random response technique by Liu – Chow (1976). Objective. Compare the random response techniques with the direct response technique, to estimate the true proportion of the sensitive characteristics in the study of gender violence while protecting the privacy of the respondents since by requiring direct responses this information may be altered. Methodology. The samples were established for each technique, thus having a total of 998 out of a population of 2205 students from Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, the questionnaire was composed of 15 items. Results. The random response techniques reveal an increase compared to the direct response technique, according to the estimates and confidence intervals obtained in the results. Conclution. Ultimately, thanks to the study carried out, it is found that the random response technique is more effective than the direct response technique, because it provides better estimators in all sensitive questions, since the questions are the same in both surveys. Also, it was confirmed that the respondents are more reluctant to give their answer through the direct response because perhaps the respondents think that their privacy is not well protected with this procedure. This is not the case in the Greenberg and Liu – Chow technique.

Introducción: la educación superior ha experimentado grandes cambios en la modalidad de enseñanza debido a situación mundial. En este contexto el e-learning a través de las plataformas educativas ha tomado gran valor en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Objetivo: aplicar una intervención educativa a través de la plataforma Moodle para consolidar las destrezas del idioma Ingles en los estudiantes de la carrera de mantenimiento industrial de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo durante el período especial Abril-Septiembre 2020. Metodología: esta investigación fue realizada en el contexto de teletrabajo obligatorio por la pandemia Covid-19. Esta investigación de carácter mixta tuvo un enfoque descriptivo con el cual un cuasi-experimento fue desarrollado. Para la consecución de esta investigación, 70 estudiantes provenientes del tercer semestre tomaron parte activa de la misma quienes estaban divididos en dos grupos de estudio: el grupo de control y el grupo experimental, con 35 estudiantes respectivamente. Antes de la fase de intervención, se recabó información a través de una encuesta la cual arrojó datos generales importantes relacionados con información socio-demográfica y de autopercepción de su nivel de Ingles. Al mismo tiempo se tomó un pre-test de conocimiento del idioma a los estudiantes el cual se basó en el examen de Cambridge PET, con lo cual se obtuvieron datos para la elaboración del plan de intervención que fue llevado a cabo durante todo el semestre. Resultados: después de la fase de intervención, los estudiantes tomaron un post-test con lo cual se pudo comparar las medias correspondientes dando como calificación final de 9,20 para el grupo control y 11.99 para el grupo experimental. Conclusión: se concluye que la Plataforma Moodle es un valioso soporte didáctico para mejorar las habilidades del idioma Inglés.

Value creation in enterprises is a relatively novel concept in the country's economic and micro-enterprise environment, most SMEs use traditional indicators to measure the degree of liquidity, efficiency, profitability and indebtedness; however, they have great limitations in the face of new scenarios related to possible mergers, strategic integrations, buying sale, among others; even in the face of the possibility of capital expansion from internal and external sources.

This research aims to evaluate the financial management of the Jorge Jara Vallejo Sausage Factory "La Ibérica Cía. Ltda." of the city of Riobamba, in order to establish its degree of relationship with the generation of Added Economic Value (EVA); this financial indicator can be calculated for all types of companies, and its characteristic is that it integrates all costs and expenses incurred by companies over a period, including capital costs that are generally not considered in the traditional financial assessment when establishing the economic and financial situation of the company.

The topic is of current relevance and invites the implementation by entrepreneurs and financial managers of new approaches to decision-making.  The research is descriptive in nature and came from the organization, analysis and quantitative interpretation of the financial statements and the collection of qualitative information provided by the administrative and financial staff of the company. The results demonstrate a highly positive correlation between EVA and Financial Management. It concludes in the need for financial strategies that allow greater creation of added value or wealth for its owners in a sustainable way in the short and long term.

Introduction. Studying the physical condition of university students from the approach of timely diagnosis, continues to be an aspect of great importance and utility, however, it is not always possible to merge all the necessary components that allow a comprehensive assessment of the physical condition of young students.  Objective. To provide a system of indicators for the comprehensive assessment of the physical condition of university students, from the point of view of timely diagnosis. Methodology. The type of research was descriptive through a mixed approach, articulating quantitative and qualitative elements, accompanied by the use of theoretical and empirical methods. The sample was selected intentionally under the inclusion criteria of studying at the Higher Polytechnic School of Chimborazo (ESPOCH) in 7 faculties, being made up of 1097 students. We worked with different instruments which allowed us to make a single measurement. Results. 1. A system of indicators adapted to the characteristics and conditions of the participants is provided, which contributed to a comprehensive assessment of the physical condition of the participating students. 2. The importance and usefulness of timely diagnosis of the physical condition of the evaluated students is reaffirmed as an essential aspect for their integral development. Conclusions. The study of physical condition, carried out in a timely manner in the university student population, is very useful; It favors, through the recognition of the evaluation indicators, the establishment of intervention strategies aimed at improving the quality of life of the university student population and providing viable solutions for the prevention of possible diseases and the optimization of the individual performance of each student.

Introduction. Education during the COVID-19 health contingency has had to migrate to the online environment. This change has impacted not only educational institutions and their staff, but also families. Objective. This article aims to compare the academic performance of university students, integrating the subject of electricity, waves and heat, for the teaching of physics, before and during the confinement by COVID-19. Methodology. To achieve the objective, a study was developed based on the positivist paradigm, which has the particularity of observing, measuring, describing, using the hypothetical-deductive method, in a non-experimental descriptive type of work, based on precise data derived from academic results. For this purpose, the case of the subject of electricity, waves and heat was analyzed within the career of Pedagogy of Mathematics and Physics of the State University of Bolivar (UEB). The universe was made up of all 4th semester students taking the subject. The target research population consisted of 19 + 15 = 34 students, whose academic results were available for the academic periods September 2019 - February 2020 and June - September 2020, before and during the COVID-19 confinement, respectively. Results. The analyzed results show analogies in academic performance, thus sustaining that there are other factors affecting students, which show that the pandemic situation highlighted the socio-educational inequality, since education has remained dependent on virtuality, where technological resources and internet access are indispensable. Conclusions. Virtual education processes must be generated incorporating modern teaching-learning dynamics, in addition to compressing the digital divide and socio-educational inequality.

Introduction: Mining is not a new activity, since pre-Hispanic times there is evidence of artisanal mining where the importance of conserving the environment was not considered, as time goes by, this has improved until reaching large-scale mining processes where, for the extraction of the mineral, very demanding parameters that guarantee the good living of human beings have to be met; that is, sustainable and sustainable mining has to be practiced. Nowadays, mining activity is a relevant aspect within the country, since it is considered as emblematic and strategic within the economy and development not only locally but also at a national level. Objective: This research will determine how the Loma Larga mining project affects the social development of the Chumblín parish. This research will determine how the Loma Larga mining project affects the social development of the Chumblín parish. Methodology and Results: The research is based fundamentally on a documentary analysis; in the first instance of the Loma Larga mining project under the concession of INV Minerales; then a study is made of the main indicators of the Chumblín parish, population, education level, aging index, youth, dependency, NBI, PET, PEA, PEI, economic activity, and access to basic services that allow us to establish a current diagnosis of the study area to continue with an investigation of the social and environmental variables, employment, education, infrastructure, soils, among others; this will allow us to determine effects and interactions that could be generated within the locality; it culminates by posing a theoretical model itself that will serve to carry out the evaluation of possible impacts that could occur in certain variables and based on this model an action plan can be established to mitigate or correct the effects. Conclusions: The Chumblín parish, being an area of a direct influence of the Loma Larga Mining Project, has benefited from projects focused on different axes and family incidence, this through agreements signed annually with the local government, however, it is considered compatible with the good living that is the base paradigm of the development model of the country and that implies obtaining the resources that satisfy the needs of its inhabitants without compromising the natural resources.

Introduction. The fish organism responds to any effect of stress by activating corticosteroid hormones, an increase in cortisol in the fish organism destabilizes the state of cellular and humoral immunity factors, depletion of the immune system, continuous stress in fish It can have serious and harmful consequences on your health, they are generally related to the environmental conditions that exist in the environment, in tilapia commercial aquariums it is observed that the most common is hypoxia. Objective. To evaluate the effect of hypoxic stress on some immunological parameters of tilapia. Methodology. The evaluation of the changes in some parameters of the immune system in tilapia under the influence of endogenous cortisol was carried out due to the effects of hypoxia, experimenting with 10 fish, control (5) and experimental (5) group taking blood samples for 3 days, the evaluation of the state of cellular immunity was determined by the phagocytic activity of blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes). Results. When analyzing the changes in the phagocytic activity of the blood cells of the tilapia, a growth of the phagocytic activity is observed in all the blood cells in the fish of the control group; in the fish of the experimental group, the phagocytic activity of the erythrocytes only increased, while the thrombocytes and leukocytes decreased. Cortisol levels in the blood increased while oxygen levels were reduced in the aquarium, in the experimental group. Conclusions. It was found that, with an increase in the level of cortisol, the activity of cellular immunity in fish increases, created by leukocytes, likewise it was determined that some indicators of the immune status decrease with an increase in this hormone.

Introduction. Of the various professions, teaching is one of the most exciting, the fact of sharing experiences and knowledge, learning from others is part of the essence of the human being, making it a way of life requires vocation and full-time dedication, but there are certain health problems associated with sedentary lifestyles. Objective. The study was to identify the health problems as an effect of sedentary lifestyle in people dedicated to secondary teaching; however, due to the problem of the pandemic covid19 the teacher spends several hours a day in telework activities, an average of 8 to 12 hours, of which teachers are dedicated to fulfill their pedagogical work and, in almost all activities remain seated, physically inactive. Methodology. The study was developed through a quantitative methodology with a descriptive approach; the research worked with 104 education professionals of the Atahualpa Educational Unit of the city of Ambato, two groups were established according to gender, 66 women and 38 men; the instrument for the collection of information was based on a structured questionnaire applied through technological tools. Results. The main results show that teachers present various health problems such as hypertension, diabetes, intestinal and gastric disorders, kidney problems, bone system and stress. Conclusions. The data obtained allow, as far as possible, the proposal of viable alternatives for the prevention of integral health and the practice of physical activity in teachers.

Introduction. Adaptation to climate change (CC) has become one of the transcendental objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on a global scale. Thus, there is a need to identify gaps in the link between CC and migration in order to achieve greater stability between prevention, adaptation, mitigation, humanitarian response and development for CC victims. Objective. This article aims to establish a scenario on CC and migration in the indigenous peoples of the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador. Methodology. The study was based on a documentary review as a research method. Also, a large part of this report is a context of theoretical reflection, based on the convergence of academic and critical reading practices. Results. The results analyzed show that forced migration in the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador, is a consequence of environmental effects. The systemic link between CC, disasters and forced migration is increasingly recognized as a strategy for survival, growth and adaptation of human beings. Conclusion. Understanding the role of the environment in the migratory processes of the indigenous peoples of the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador, requires the analysis of the conditions of vulnerability of the population to the effects of CC, as well as the examination of their coping strategies, and to advance in the enactment of public policies in an effective manner and without leaving anyone behind.

Introduction. Sustainable mobility refers to the origin-destination movements that exist in cities, whether through public transport, motor vehicles, private vehicles, bicycles, etc., providing an optimal quality of life for the population and the environment. Objective. The present investigative work has the general objective of finding some Indicators to Measure Sustainable Mobility in Urban Spaces of the Ecuadorian Sierra, using the Canton Azogues as a case study. Methodology. For which, various theories about sustainable mobility in urban spaces and its forms of measurement at the international level were identified. Then, diagnose mobility in the urban space that comprises the Canton Azogues, to finally design the indicators. In the development of the research, theoretical and empirical methods are used such as: analysis and synthesis, the deductive and inductive method and the survey. The analysis and synthesis will be used to analyze in depth the object of study. The deductive and inductive method will help us to understand the theoretical generalities regarding sustainable urban mobility and its forms of measurement. And finally, the survey will help as a procedure in data collection through a previously designed questionnaire. Results. It is evident that the majority of people travel to other places for work reasons (61.7%) and only a minimum percentage (2%) remain at home without moving. Conclusion. The application of these indicators in the case of Canton Azogues, is the first step for the evaluation of the different areas of sustainability in mobility issues, with which the implementation of new policies that improve social, economic and environmental aspects is intended. from the city.