ConcienciaDigital

Experiences of handling Moko Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 in Ecuador

2025-09-29T14:57:11+00:00

Introduction: Infection with the pest Ralstonia solanacearum race 2, is the disease that causes wilt commonly called Moko is responsible in banana and plantain crops, has the potential to eliminate a plantation. It is a devastating disease that is not easily treated and causes significant losses in crop yields, from 20 to 100%, depending on the host. Ralstonia solanacearum is recognized as one of the most economically significant phytopathogenic bacteria, consequently causing considerable losses worldwide to its ability to affect more than 200 species of plants and its wide geographical distribution. Objective: To define and analyze the types of controls used in the management of Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 in Ecuador. Methodology: This article is a literature review study in which information collected on the management strategies of Ralstonia solanaceraum race 2 (Moko) has been gathered, focusing on recent functional knowledge for its control in banana cultivation. This approach allowed the collection of a wide variety of scientific research, critical analyses, technical papers, and other relevant materials, from various academic, institutional, and specialized sources in the management of Ralstonia solanacearum race 2. Conclusion: The management of Ralstonia solanacearum race 2, known as banana moko, in Ecuador has advanced through integrated strategies that combine cultural, biological, and legal controls (early detection and a zoning system). Strict biosecurity training and protocols are essential to prevent its spread, while cultural control, removal of infected plants, and cleaning of tools help reduce the incidence. Biological control has potential, but it requires more research and local adaptation. These experiences underscore the importance of an integrated and sustainable approach, and the need for further research. General study area: Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. Specific area of study: Agriculture. Type of article: Systematic bibliographic review.

Evaluation of the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii strains in the biological control of Tetranychus urticae under laboratory conditions.

2025-09-29T14:57:10+00:00

Introduction: The spider mite Tetranychus urticae is an economically significant pest affecting crops such as roses, strawberries, and various vegetables. Chemical control using acaricides has faced limitations due to developing mite resistance and negative environmental impacts. As a more sustainable alternative, the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii have shown great potential for managing this pest. This study aimed to evaluate their efficacy under laboratory conditions by analyzing pathogenic capability and mite mortality rates when exposed to these fungal strains. Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of different strains and concentrations of Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii in controlling Tetranychus urticae, to determine their viability as biological pest control agents. Methodology: a completely randomized laboratory experiment (3×2 design) was conducted with eight treatments and six replicates. Two fungal strains (Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii) were tested at three concentrations (1×10⁸, 1×10⁶, and 1×10⁴ conidia/mL) along with a control group. Mites were exposed to fungal suspensions in Petri dishes, and mortality was monitored over 14 days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05) to determine significant differences between treatments. Results: The Beauveria bassiana strain showed higher efficacy in mite control, achieving significant mortality by the eighth day (3.78%). In comparison, Beauveria brongniartii reached only 1.07% mortality during the same period. The highest concentration (1×10⁸ conidia/mL) caused the greatest mortality, though all tested doses proved effective. No significant interaction was observed between strain and concentration (p > 0.05), indicating efficacy depending primarily on the fungal strain used. Conclusions: Beauveria bassiana proved more effective than Beauveria brongniartii in controlling Tetranychus urticae, emerging as a promising sustainable alternative to chemical acaricides. While higher concentrations showed better results, lower doses also demonstrated significant effects. These findings suggest entomopathogenic fungi could be integrated into Integrated Pest Management strategies, with early application optimization providing maximum pest control benefits. General area of study: Agronomy. Specific area of study: Plant Health. Type of article: original.

Strategic plan for the rehabilitation of the Yee-Vuelta Larga Road in Esmeraldas, Ecuador

2025-09-29T14:57:09+00:00

Introduction: road infrastructure constitutes a fundamental element for the socioeconomic development of rural regions. In Ecuador, poor terrestrial connectivity limits access to basic services and development opportunities in rural communities. Objective: to develop a comprehensive strategic plan for the rehabilitation of the Yee-Vuelta Larga Road through technical, social, economic, and environmental evaluation of existing infrastructure. Methodology: a descriptive-analytical study was conducted including topographic survey, vehicular traffic studies, soil mechanics analysis, pavement evaluation, hydrological studies, and budget analysis. The AASHTO 93 methodology was employed for the structural design of flexible pavement. Results: the analysis revealed a current AADT of 44 vehicles/day with projection to 209 vehicles/day in 20 years. Soil studies showed CBR between 3.42% and 11.34%. The total project budget amounts to USD $4,206,465.58 for 27.5 km of road. Conclusion: the proposed strategic plan integrates sustainable technical solutions with community participation, establishing a replicable model for rural road infrastructure rehabilitation in Ecuador. General Area of Study: Civil Engineering. Specific area of study: Road Infrastructure. Type of study: Original article.