Multivariate exploration factor analysis of consumption patterns of essential necessities in small and medium-sized enterprises in the province of Chimborazo, year 2024

Francisco Eduardo Toscano Guerrero — 2025-10-09

Introduction: In this project it is pertinent to manage commercial productive activities of sustainability, customer loyalty, penetration in new markets and innovation by directing efforts and resources in the implementation of Multivariate Exploratory Factor Analysis of consumption patterns of necessities in MSMEs in the province of Chimborazo year 2024. Objectives: To examine the consumption patterns of necessities within the MSME sector in the province of Chimborazo, using a multivariate approach based on exploration factor analysis. Methodology: quantitative approach, based on the application of multivariate exploratory factor analysis as a central statistical technique to identify latent patterns in the consumption habits of necessities in the context of MSMEs in the province of Chimborazo. Results: Milk consumption does not generate significant differences in median salaries. The variations between age groups are minimal and not statistically significant, indicating that age alone does not significantly influence salary within this sample. Conclusions: the data are consistent, and homoscedasticity and homogeneity are met, but not normality. There is no evidence of an association between milk consumption, age, and income level. General area of study: Business Administration. Specific area of study: Commercial productive activities of sustainability. Item type: Original.

Evaluation of the institutional governance of disaster risk management in the Gobierno Autónomo Municipal Descentralizado de Loreto

Darwin Eduardo Verdezoto Carvajal — 2025-11-11

Introduction: Disaster risk management governance is a strategy aimed at developing regulatory models that address vulnerability through various actions in the social, environmental, economic, legal, and political spheres. Objective: This study evaluates the institutional governance of disaster risk management in the Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Loreto using the tool “Guidelines for Disaster Risk Management Governance in Decentralized Autonomous Municipal and Metropolitan Governments” for the progressive increase of strategic actions. Methodology: The study presents a non-experimental, descriptive, field and documentary design. Semi-structured interview techniques and documentary review were applied to fifteen areas involved in the GADM of Loreto. The information was processed using dynamic matrices in Microsoft Excel, where the scores assigned to each strategic action within the four priorities were integrated, weighing each priority equally at 25%. Results: Substantial efforts have been made to identify threats, exposure, and vulnerability in the territory. There are also a consolidated institutional structure and mechanisms for inter-institutional cooperation, as well as active community participation through risk management committees and response brigades. The installed capacity for risk management of the Loreto GADM is 43%. This percentage places it in Phase 3 of governance, with a medium level, reflecting significant challenges in financing and technical monitoring. Conclusion: It is necessary to optimize resources and strengthen technical personnel to consolidate more effective, coordinated, and sustainable management through the implementation of the proposed Action Plan, aimed at building a resilient canton. General Area of Study: Environment. Specific area of study: Risk and Natural Disaster Management. Type of study: Original article.

ConcienciaDigital

Multivariate exploration factor analysis of consumption patterns of essential necessities in small and medium-sized enterprises in the province of Chimborazo, year 2024

Evaluation of the institutional governance of disaster risk management in the Gobierno Autónomo Municipal Descentralizado de Loreto