The adaptation of «Eisenia foetida» to an unconventional medium such as leaching sludge opens the door to its use in vermicomposting processes and to the possibility of solving a very problematic waste management problem. The adaptation of the red worm in leaching sludge from a sanitary landfill was evaluated, for which it was necessary to design an experiment combining: sludge and sawdust in variable proportions as substrates and different masses of worms, they were placed in plastic buckets used as units. experimental. In the first instance, the worms were cultivated in the previously conditioned medium, carrying out a control of the environmental variables to verify the adaptation of the organisms while also controlling physical, chemical and biological parameters to determine the degradability of the sludge in time function. Physical changes could be observed in the experimental units such as: looser consistency of sludge, fading of unpleasant odors and increase in the volume of the samples, clear indicators of transformation of the sludge and evidence of colonization of the worms in the experimental substrates. It was concluded that in those experimental units with higher percentage contents of sludge, a greater number of worms adapted and grew and showed higher values ​​of electrical conductivity indicating the presence of inorganic species as a result of the conversion of the initial organic matter, therefore, Eisenia foetida it was effectively adapted to the leaching sludge and, most importantly, after 60 days the sludge showed signs of efficient composting, which is why it is ensured that vermicomposting as an alternative to treat these residual sludge could be viable.

Introduction: New technologies and the use of the internet are part of our daily life; they transform language, life and traditional practices. The appearance of COVID-19 has reduced social relations, and the world population faces other types of interaction in all areas. Learning is undoubtedly one of the elements that has had to migrate from face-to-face contexts to digital environments, where relationships between users present risky situations, such as digital harassment; There are studies regarding cyberbullying in the educational environment, but the types of strategies used according to the level of the problem are unknown. Objective: Define communication strategies against digital harassment in the context of COVID-19. Methodology: The study is descriptive, quali-quantitative, non-experimental (transactional) design, a literature review was carried out through virtual ethnography to define the accessibility and ease of use of web pages and social networks, to collect information about of the communication strategies, the online survey was applied, with a reliability of 0.815, a sample of 247 social communication experts who work in the central area of ​​Ecuador, the analysis of frequencies and Cronbach's Alpha using the SPSS-25 software . Results: The forced interaction, skills for the use of multimedia tools and the alteration of content by the harasser stand out. The communicators' strategies emphasize: Education (audiovisual content), Prevention (monitoring of accounts to avoid impersonation), Evasion (not reacting to the aggressor's comments to reduce the risk), Acceptance (accepting what is requested by the harasser), Confrontation (gathering evidence). Conclusion: The strategies used by social communicators focus on prevention and go as far as confrontation to face cyberbullying according to the level of the problem.

Introduction. Cases of coronavirus (Covid-19) around the world are increasing. The uncertainty of a figure close to reality generates anguish in the population. Objective. Propose the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to determine the increase in Covis-19 cases in Ecuador, applying this model will provide approximate information on coronavirus cases. Helping to keep the entire population informed about the spread of this virus. Methodology. The design of this research was quantitative, the population that was taken was 17,268,000 and the sample was the data of the infections of Covid-19 from the month of April to the month of December of the year 2020. For this, it was taken as data source the information published daily on the official website of the National Risk and Emergency Management Service. Using predictive models as support, these data were stored in a data set, to later be consolidated and later entered into an algorithm, which using time series will make predictions based on historical data using the weka software. The following article presents a model capable of predicting the close-to-reality number of coronavirus cases, achieving 80% effectiveness. So it can be stated that this model is very useful for making predictions within a given period. Results. After applying the prediction model, the most frequent results are the increases in Covid-19 infections with an increase of (1%) for each day that has elapsed. Conclution. It was concluded that the cases will continue to increase over time since the majority of the population does not take the respective precautions and disrespects social distancing.

Introduction. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that is currently impacting humanity, people's lifestyles have changed drastically, one of the most affected sectors is education, for this reason the students programmed themselves to look for better learning strategies. Objective. The main objective  of this work is to carry out an analysis of the self-management techniques for undergraduate student, a case study in the on-line Methodology. A survey of 33 questions was applied to learn the self-management techniques for student learning, divided into four sections: planning, monitoring, control and motivation. Results. The main results are as follow: it was concluded that students of higher levels apply better strategies for self-management learning than students of middle and lower levels. Conclusions. The students of lower and middle levels do not have strategies that help to improve their self-learning, for which it is necessary another another investigation, to propose strategies that direct students to improve their techniques and strategies to improve their learning

Introduction. Opting for a training model that results in a more competent, innovative and comprehensive professional and that contributes to job success, implies changes in the didactic-methodological strategies that are developed at the university, which is not always easy. Target. Objective. Establish the importance of the relationship between the training process of human talent and the development of skills in professionals, as an indissoluble link for job success. Methodology. A descriptive, non-experimental methodology was used, based on the documentary review and theoretical methods, under established inclusion criteria. Results. 1. The initial idea of ​​the research was confirmed: There is an indissoluble link between the training process and the professional competencies achieved by each student; The more optimization is achieved in the process of training human talents, the better performance and professional competencies they will achieve, which positively influences individual job success and also the organizations and companies where new professionals are inserted. 2. It is necessary to implement and develop new didactic-methodological strategies to provoke a meaningful teaching-learning process that allows contributing to the training of competent, innovative and comprehensive professionals and to quality in job placement, satisfying social demands and expectations and labor. 3. Guidelines are established that may constitute possible solutions. Conclusions. Optimization in the training and curricular process requires that it be streamlined, together with the implementation of novel methodological strategies, on scientifically sound bases. This process is closely linked to the development of professional competences, which requires having a committed and updated faculty, capable of migrating from a Traditional Didactics to a Contemporary Didactics and that can establish in the teaching-learning process the indissoluble link between : training processes, development of professional skills and job success.

Introduction: This article reflects on the approaches that the newspaper El Comercio, Ecuador carries out on ecological journalism, on its website, between the months of May and October 2019. Objective: Analyze the information treatment on ecological journalism on the website of Diario El Commerce. Methodology: The design used was of a mixed type: qualitative-quantitative, the thesis of Ruiz, D was taken as a reference. Content analysis was used as a technique, 42 publications were defined as a sample during the six months analyzed, and interviews were conducted. structured to experts on the subject. Results: It was found the amount that was written on the subject studied, what was disseminated and the way in which it was carried out. To obtain data, three matrices were used that allowed the analysis and counting of the publications made and two matrices with which the opinion of the interviewees was classified, allowing to discover in quantities how much is written about ecological journalism and in quality what is written , determining important aspects about the informative treatment and the relevance that is given to the ecological issue in Ecuadorian journalism. The most used genre was that of the informative note, with a total of 37 publications, 2 interviews and a report were also counted. Conclusion: During the study it was observed that the interactions and visualizations registered on this web page depended directly on the number of publications that the medium made, most of the analyzed news have a global focus and not a local one, which could cause the public not to you are fully identified with this information, feeling that what is reported does not affect you completely.

The desertion of undergraduate students and high academic failure rates is a problem in Ecuador's higher education institutions. If the failure rate in a subject is high, then the number of students who must retake the subject is also high. Therefore, it limits the available resources and makes the educational institutions' authorities constantly restructure physical spaces and teachers. On the other hand, educational data mining uses machine learning and deep learning techniques to analyze and model educational data to predict students' academic performance. Previous studies propose the use of different models of artificial neural networks to predict academic performance; however, these models focus on using only academic data and some students' sociodemographic data. On the contrary, in the present study, educational, sociodemographic, and economic data are considered, which were gathered through digital surveys and educational systems of a higher education institution, and a multi-layer perceptron network is proposed to predict the risk of failure of a student, which will allow students, teachers and authorities to know the risk of loss in a subject so that the corresponding actions can be taken to lower the failure rate. The proposed model reached an accuracy of approximately 88%, demonstrating good performance. Additionally, we compare the proposed model's performance with a decision tree's performance and a logistic regression model; these models obtained approximately 85% and 82% accuracy, respectively.

The research aims to estimate the economic value of the productive plant resource of the Flores parish, for which in the first place, the characteristics of the area were analyzed qualitatively, as well as its sociodemographic variables around the plant resource, for this it was necessary calculate the total income received by producers from different services such as (vegetable, forestry and pastures). The income was calculated from the average yields and the production costs for the plant resource, for the forest resource and grasslands, they were estimated from market prices. The contingent value method was used, where 350 people from 4 communities of the Flores parish were surveyed under a hypothetical scenario of conservation of the plant resource, the willingness to pay of the users was estimated, at a value of $ 10, 20 per year despite the fact that most of the users (85%) would not be willing to cancel said value, as this responsibility is attributed to the government. The sociodemographic characteristics that influence the perception of ecosystem services were; the age variable, for provisioning services, this service was the best scored with a value of 9.2 / 10, this value indicates that users value tangible services more, that generate benefits, the least valued service was that of ancestral practices with a value of (5,6). The total environmental economic value of the productive plant resource calculated was $ 724,730.63, this value could vary around the time of year or other external factors.

Introduction. The research work presented the study regarding the viability of Acetobacter aceti and Saccharomyces cerevisiae present in Medusomyces gisevi in ​​three different types of substrates: green tea (Camellia sinensis), coffee (Coffea arabica L) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) Target. To determine the viability of the Acetobacter aceti and Saccharomyces cerevisiae present in the medusomyces gisevi (kombucha fungus) for a possible application in the agro-industry, through the use of three substrates. Methodology. A medium was developed that tries to meet the metabolic requirements of the symbiosis to be used, performing physical-chemical tests for the product (pH, acidity and% alcohol), with a time measurement of 0.24,48,72,96 and 120 hours after inoculation, as well as the microbiological measurement of the presence in cfu / g of Acetobacter aceti and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. With a statistical measurement using a completely randomized design with bifactorial arrangement Results. The results were alcohol values ​​between 0.3 and 0.8, a decrease in the pH value and an increase in the acidity values ​​for the case of the substrates made with Camellia sinensis and Coffea arabica L., the best growth substrate for Medusomyces gisevi was produced with Camellia sinensis, thanks to the great presence of tannins that are present mainly in the leaves and in this way recommended to apply it for future agro-industrialization processes in what concerns fermented beverages that serve as a probiotic source and of excellent sensory characteristics.

Introduction. This investigative document focused on developing a new service for the Food Service Association “ASO KARAKUNA”, a member of the Popular and Solidarity Economy actors located in the Veloz parish, Riobamba canton, Chimborazo province. Objective. Create a significant differentiation process in contrast to its competitors in the reference market, likewise the new product will increase the recognition of the corporate image and the optimization of its resources. Methodology. Starting from a process of weighing ideas through matrices through the method of experts, in the same way we worked with the association, proposing product alternatives, such as catering for banquets and buffet for social events, with the support of research techniques from markets such as the survey through the application of the instrument known as the questionnaire to measure the degree of acceptance of the products and the consumer profile, furthermore, the company's brand manual was developed together with the strategies for the association to position itself in the minds of consumers. Results. As a general result of the variables measured, it was determined that services will be offered according to the generalized economy of the standard population that comprises between $ 350 to $ 500 US dollars, in the same way the proposed products have been classified into three ranges according to the Omnes method, with a price coefficient slightly equal to the market minimum for each of the products. Conclution. It was concluded that the demand for these services is requested by people in an age range between 18 to 35 years old, in terms of gender they are similar, with men and women reporting 55% and 45% respectively according to the tabulation of the surveys.

The aim of this paper was to carry out an action research study to improve the performance of English level 2 students with a basic level of English (A2).  For this study the direct method was used i.e., the teacher follows a given pattern of questions and answers during language teaching.  The teacher asks questions at a faster pace than a normal conversation to capture the students' attention. The Microsoft Teams platform was used in virtual mode. The 25 students were divided into five groups, for which five channels were created with five students each, the time of each lesson was 20 minutes. Before applying the intervention, the students took a Pre-Test to be evaluated in their oral production, which resulted in a score of 1.69. The mean of the pronunciation skill was 1.69 points. The mean of the Pronunciation skill was 2.15, and the mean of the Interactive communication skill was 1.73 which indicated that they are below A2 level. In the post-test the students completed a survey using Likert scale questions to measure the degree of satisfaction in using this direct method of questions and answers, which was coded with the first letters of their full names, obtaining that the mean of the Grammar and Vocabulary skill was 3.08 points, the mean of the Pronunciation skill was 3.24, and the mean of the Interactive communication skill had a value of 3.12, signifying favourable results. With the data obtained, Fisher's exact test was applied using the data from the Grammar and Vocabulary, Pronunciation, Interactive Communication skills of the Pre-Test and the Post-Test in the experimental group. As a result, the technique based on questions and answers using the direct method significantly improved oral production in English language learning in second level students.

Introduction. The use of natural coagulants emerges as an ecological alternative for both domestic and industrial wastewater treatment. Objetives. The present work investigates the clarification of a wastewater from a dairy industry, in the province of Pastaza, Ecuador, using prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) as a natural coagulant agent. Methodology. It was studied the coagulation in samples of one litre of wastewater through a standard jar testing equipment, modifying the coagulant concentration (1-2 w%) and volume of coagulant (5-35 ml). The parameters analyzed were turbidity, color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), total solids (ST) and fecal coliforms (FC), data compared with the Unified Text regulations. of Secondary Environmental Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment (TULSMA). Results. It was found that the optimal dosage was 20 ml of coagulant solution at 2% (400 ppm). The removal efficiencies found were 77.8% in turbidity, 51.8% in color, 26.8% in COD, 13.9% in BOD, 31.0% in SS, 26.4% in ST and 99.96% in CF. Conclusion. The results show that the prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) can be used as pretreatment of wastewater from a dairy industry.

A head prototype of a 100cc single cylinder two-stroke engine was manufactured using reverse engineering and the CAD / CAM method, the research begins with the mechanical and chemical characterization of a reference head (AX100), to then geometrize it using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software and print it on a 3D printer, once the printed mold is obtained, the preparation proceeded of the sand with calcium silicate, where it was molded and carbon dioxide was injected to harden the mold, they were joined and the aluminum was melted, 1.92% zinc, 1.35% silicon and 1.62% were added. of copper in the casting, sodium and tin were also added to remove the gases and obtain a more fluid casting until reaching a temperature of 1000 degrees Celsius, finally, the cast head was machined on a 3-axis machining center and an on-site test was performed on a test internal combustion engine; a prototype head was obtained with a 392 series aluminum with an average hardness of 110HB fully functional and with characteristics similar to the reference head; it is recommended to use the green casting method since it allows obtaining complex geometries and considering the mass composition of each alloying element since when aluminum is melted these evaporate around 2 to 3%.

In the development of this research, the application of two drill and blast mesh methodologies Holmberg and Konya in the Grumintor mine of the Pinglio Minera Concession was analyzed, in order to estimate the replacement of the current drill and blast mesh used by the aforementioned company. It began with the field diagnosis of the mesh traditionally used, as well as the analysis of the equipment used; continuing with the study of the properties of the explosives to be used; In addition, the geological information survey of the rock was carried out to give a classification to the rocky massif, these data were processed and analyzed using computer programs managing different study variables in order to design the drilling and blasting meshes using the Holmberg methodology and the Konya methodology, and apply in the different exploration galleries. The drill and blast mesh commonly used in the mine for its exploration work are of three types and their choice is made according to the criteria, observation, and experience of the driller. The results of the application of the two methodologies will allow us to compare parameters and obtain conclusions about their applicability.

Introduction. Soil is the most important natural resource and most of life on earth depends on it, its chemical composition is constantly changing, resulting in countless soils. The use of N, P, K, Ca and Mg fertilizers has become essential in most soils in order to obtain high yields and a good quality in the product, being essential to constantly monitor the soil where the crops are grown. The yields in cacao production depend on the soil and certain environmental factors such as light, temperature and humidity. Flattering yields cannot be achieved when, despite the adequate environment, the services provided by the soil are not adequate (Pinargote, 2010). Objective. To evaluate the chemical fertility of the soil in initial productive system of Theobroma cacao, in the “Hermanos Briones” farm in the Portoviejo canton. Methodology. The research work was carried out in an agricultural batch of an initial 2-year cacao crop of 2.4 ha, the cacao plantation used corresponds to the CCN-51 clone, the soil samplings were carried out at random in a systematic way (zig-zag ), obtaining a composite sample, to carry out the chemical analyzes in the laboratory, given analyzes were carried out prior to planting and 2 years after cultivation. Results. The comparison of the nutritional content of the soil is observed, with respect to organic matter there is an increase as the plantation grows, the development of organic matter is greater. The macronutrients Nitrogen and Potassium show a slight decrease, contrary to Phosphorus, the mesonutrients Calcium, Magnesium and Sulfur are in smaller quantities, the micronutrients Zinc and Copper show an increase, different from Iron and Boron, which after 2 years of seedlings have decreased the concentrations of these elements in the soil, with respect to Manganese the concentration has not changed. Conclusions. According to the results of the sampling, the initial productive system presents nutritional imbalances and deficiencies in nutrient content for its development, which is why fertilization plans are required to guarantee adequate sustainability of the system.

Introduction. Of all the equipment that makes up the electrical system, the power transformer is one of the most important equipment due to its criticality, high maintenance costs, long repair times and the impact caused by a failure, both in the reduction of the reliability of the system, as in the losses generated to users; lead to avoiding the occurrence of failures is a matter of vital importance, for this maintenance plays a fundamental role. Aim. Identify the maintenance optimization algorithms that are applicable to power transformers, through a study of the state of the art. Methodology. It consisted of a systematic review of literature published in databases such as Scopus, carried out in three general stages: search, selection and analysis. Results. As a result of the search stage, 40 articles were obtained, finally 11 articles went to the analysis process; where it was identified that the most used optimization algorithms were: the one based on the Monte Carlo Simulation (27%) and Linear Programming (18%). 64% of the investigations start the optimization process, on the implementation of a maintenance strategy, be it preventive and / or corrective. Conclusion. Optimization processes seek to minimize maintenance costs, maximize reliability, minimize asset deterioration, or a combination of them.

Introduction: For the solution of problems that need to be solved exactly. whose solution must be treated by means of numerical methods Objective: The present investigation aims to carry out a study of the numerical methods of Euler and Runge Kutta in order to make an approximation to the solution of random differential equations which use the calculus stochastic referring to the mean square. Methodology: Within the development process, Euler's methodology is analyzed in the first instance within the scalar case and later it is dimensioned to matrix problems, Results: obtaining an analysis of the application of numerical methods to the study of an electrical circuit which is develops with random noise, in the specific case of characteristic and irregular white noises they lead to other types of differential equations with a certain degree of uncertainty called stochastic differential equations. Conclusion: The Euler scheme allows us to conclude that the slow convergence and the restriction aspect of its region of absolute stability allows us to consider other methods where the convergence is greater, thus proposing an additional study of the Runge-Kutta random scheme, being a method superior to that of Euler for which its global order of convergence is fourth.

Introduction. Within the framework of the multidisciplinary project of linking "ESPOCH, Latin American University for Fair Trade", the Faculty of Informatics and Electronics of the Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), planned the development of educational material to educate polytechnic students about of fair trade and motivate them to learn about agroecological products using digital channels. Target. Development of AN EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL ABOUT THE HEALTHY CONSUMPTION OF PRODUCTS FROM THE MAQUITA FOUNDATION. Methodology. A three-phase educational material design process was proposed, starting in phase 1 of the selection of an adequate educational methodology for which a Systematic Literature Review (RSL) was applied, in phase 2 the educational material to be developed was determined and in phase 3 the plan for the dissemination of educational material was proposed. Results. As a result of the RSL, the appropriate methodology for teaching educational material is the Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm, using multimedia, images and text, and videos to be viewed on cell phones when used by 100% of university students, through the social network with the most use in 90%, Facebook. To corroborate the results obtained in the RSL, a survey was applied to 11% of students enrolled in the ESPOCH in the academic period April - September 2021, which covers 14 questions about the use of social networks. Conclution. This study shows the design process for the development and dissemination of educational material for ESPOCH students based on the agroecological products of the Maquita Foundation, considering the educational methodology of the Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm (IPP), for the dissemination of educational material in digital channels.

On many occasions in solving different technical problems we find ourselves with the task of solving polynomial equations of degree n, in which we need to find their roots, where within the probabilities we can have real or complex roots depending on the characteristics of the polynomial in question, the first that are widely used because there is a notion of these values and are very applicable in real problems, the second the complex roots that exist, these do not have a real notion, which sometimes are not considered in the solution of real problems, but on many occasions if it is necessary to consider them, as is the case of the solution of differential equations, among other applications, this implies that these roots must be found. For this reason, this study proposes a methodology for calculating the roots of polynomial equations of degree n, which involves a combination of different numerical methods and the respective conceptualization to find both real and complex roots, as intermediate information for the subsequent troubleshooting.

Introduction. Whey is a by-product of cheese production, containing mainly lactose, proteins, minerals, vitamins and fat. Its composition varies considerably depending on the type of milk, type of cheese produced and the technological process used, but in general it represents between 85% and 95% of the volume of milk and retains 55% of its nutrients. The amount of whey obtained for each kilogram of cheese is approximately 9 liters, which is why its proper use is of great importance. Objective. The objective of the present study was to evaluate three types of whey: bovine, ovine and caprine. Methodology. The analyzes were carried out in a bromatological laboratory of a private company, where physical variables such as pH and density were analyzed; chemical variables such as dry extract, ash, protein, fat, calcium and, lactose; also microbiological variables such as the coliform population. Results. Significant differences were obtained at p <0.05 and at p <0.01 in the samples. Sheep whey was the one that registered the best results for total solids with 7.48%, in proteins it contributed 1.05% and, fats with 0.73%. Calcium, pH, density and, lactose did not show significant differences between the wheys analyzed. The goat whey presents coliform levels of 1.89 Log10UFC • ml-1, being higher than the others. Conclusion. It was concluded that sheep whey is the most suitable for the production of protein concentrates, food and also for the pharmaceutical industry.

Introduction. The data generated by the Technical University of Cotopaxi in the different academic and administrative areas have several cases that lead to establish the situation of the students' qualifications. Target. The implementation of data mining is suggested to obtain an analysis of student performance applied in engineering careers at the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, FCIYA that allows efficient information management for decision-making by authorities. Methodology. An intelligence method is established for the management, processing and analysis of the data that will help to generate reports of qualifications of the students of the faculty with a high level of veracity and timely to support in the making of managerial decisions. The tool chosen to use is Microsoft Power BI, considered one of the most successful, it will evaluate the averages of the academic cycles from September 2015 to February 2019 to verify the career with the greatest learning deficit. Results. After the analysis, it was possible to determine that the Electromechanical Engineering career presents the greatest learning deficit, obtaining low averages in all the comparison criteria used in the software for the evaluation of said item compared to the other careers of the FCIYA.

Introduction. An electronic device based on a wireless and mobile communication system has been developed to prevent traffic accidents. The signals measured in the driver were the blood alcohol concentration through a breath test and the heart rate. Methodology. Two physical blocks were implemented: processing block and control and measurement block and an alert and monitoring block consisting of two mobile applications compatible with smartphones. The communication between the blocks was carried out using WLAN technology, using the MQTT protocol of the application layer of the Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI).  Results. The information was processed with the free hardware platforms Node MCU and Raspberry Pi, within the control and measurement block, on the other hand, the alcohol sensor detects a concentration level greater than 0.3 gr / l. This automobile cannot start then a notification is sent over the internet via the 3G / UMTS network in this way knowing the location of the automobile and percentage of alcohol, Within the processing block, the information from the sensors is received through the Node-RED platform, where the connection to the early warning service is made. Conclusion. It was concluded by monitoring the pilot´s biometric signals help to obtain control when operating machinery so requiring a user with high concentration and the use of wireless technologies makes it easier to obtain this information. It is recommended in the future to use the 5G network infrastructure, for better system performance.

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic generated a socio-economic crisis, making traditional transactions impossible due to quarantine and social distancing, it was necessary to adapt to new forms and family farming is no exception. Digital platforms have supported commercialization involving different actors, electronic commerce for farmers allowed a great technological leap, and an online market was created in Ecuador that contributed to creating a sustainable local food system of mutual benefit between farmer and consumer. Objective. Propose electronic commerce for peasant family agriculture in the Guano Canton in the context of the Covid 19 pandemic. Methodology. The main business models suitable for the commercialization of agricultural products of the Guano Canton were analyzed, the behavior of consumers and producers in virtual stores was evaluated in the framework of the COVID 19 pandemic, a business model was defined for the commercialization of agricultural products and derived from Canton Guano. Results. The study determined that for the Guano Canton the business model is B2C, business to consumer, with a classic merchant pattern. In addition, the design of the web page is presented based on the results of the investigation, with a user profile and an administrator profile with their respective menus for their functionality to support family farming in the Guano canton. Conclusion. The B2C business model for electronic commerce in the Guano canton allowed direct transactions between producer and final consumer. The platform "one click from your harvest" guarantees the management of a virtual agenda where the producers associated with their respective products offered are listed, guaranteeing the producer virtual marketing of their products at a fair price through the standardization of prices, in addition, this achieved that These products are part of the family baskets since the application of the Field School ensures the quality and quantity of production to comply with food sovereignty.

Introduction. Bee honey is an ancient product that has been part of human nutrition and other therapeutic uses, it is made up of sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose), amino acids and minerals, which has made it a palatable food for man and some wild animals; Throughout human evolution, different ways have been sought to efficiently take advantage of this resource, which today has become a real business opportunity, especially in the rural sector, a space that provides ecological facilities and where sources of work and subsistence every day they are more scarce. Objective. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the unsatisfied demand for honey in the Morona canton, Morona Santiagoprovince, the document consists of, this objective tries to respond to the problem statement. Methodology. Part of a qualitative and quantitative approach, based on the inductive and deductive method, the population sample consisted of 372 households in the Morona canton, thus complying with the norms established by scientific research in the construction of this type of study. Results. An interpretation of the results of the surveys is carried out, considering that the most important data are those that provide information on the frequency and quantity of consumption of the product under study, by the population, which is key for determining the unsatisfied demand. Conclusion. It was determined that there is an unsatisfied demand of 11,968.01 Kg of bee honey, that 52% of the bee honey consumed in the Macas canton comes from the informal sector, that is to say that there is no quality control on this product, which There is a deep-rooted consumption of this product among its inhabitants since 73% of those surveyed responded that they consume it regularly, which undoubtedly favors the possibility of growth of these productive systems.

Introduction. Currently the market for energy drinks has increased, this research aims to analyze the capacity of the market in the city of Riobamba to accept a drink made with a product from the area: taxo, a fruit that provides vitamins and minerals, has a very characteristic smell and pleasant, the plant that adapts perfectly in Ecuador and the extract of its leaves is 200 times sweeter than sugar. Objective. The objective of this study was to carry out the economic project for the manufacture and commercialization of a taxo energy drink sweetened with stevia. Methodology. The research used a semi-experimental inductive-deductive method, variables of gender, age, level and consumption preferences, among others, were analyzed; It was executed in the Riobamba canton, to 255 people, aged 15 and over, considering various aspects. The instrument applied was a structured questionnaire with 12 closed questions. Results. The results showed that 86.4% of those surveyed regularly consume energy drinks from various brands in the local market. 63.6% consume it at least once a month, this shows the importance that these drinks have achieved. 36.4% of people do it for its taste and another 36.4% for quality, this demonstrated the qualities that the product should have. 86.4% of those surveyed agree to try a new flavor of this type of drink and 95.5% believe that a taxo-based energy drink would be very good and good. 72.7% of people buy their drinks in neighborhood stores, this being an ideal place to sell, the same percentage considers social networks as an optimal place to know and receive information about the product, 72.7% of those surveyed consider it appropriate to pay $ 1.30 for a 250ml bottle. With this background we conclude that the present Economic Project for the elaboration and commercialization of a taxo energy drink sweetened with stevia is highly attractive with great potential for local entrepreneurship.

Introduction. Climate change is a subject of special attention, because it can affect the relations between society and nature. Although, when speaking of the Sierra region, a gradual increase in temperatures cannot be guaranteed, by carrying out a localized study it is possible to better understand the reality. Objective. Determining the existence of considerable patterns in the minimum temperature records from 1976 - 2020 for Riobamba city. Methodology. Principal components analysis was performed in order to identify similarities between variables (years) and individuals (months) from minimum temperature. RStudio free software was used through the Factoshiny library. Results. This statistical technique has revealed 3 clusters, group 1: August and September, group 2: January, March, April and May, group 3: October and December, which are related to Andean region climate. July however, showed more differences among other months. In the years 1977, 1983, 1986, 1992, 1995,1998, 2005, 2007 the minimum temperature was relevant within the months of January, March, April and May, which were affected by the continental and oceanic air masses that determine El Niño y La Niña phenomena. Conclusion. Further retrospective studies can provide information on the historical effects of these phenomena on the populations and ecosystems of the region.

This article is based on physical recreation together with the free time of the students of Higher Basic Education of the Theodore Wilbur Anderson Educational Unit to be able to know the use they give to their free time, and thus also know if in that time they do or they know about physical recreation, because in this age of online classes, many adolescents have given more time and use to electronic devices, which has caused them to neglect to carry out physical activities in the little or a lot of free time they have, That is why the general objective of this study is to analyze the appropriate use of students' free time in order to propose planning based on what physical recreation is so that students make better use of their free time, therefore which, an extensive theoretical and bibliographic review of various authors was carried out, this study was carried out through a descriptive investigation, to be able to analyze the The data collected was used a questionnaire carried out in Google Forms with 7 questions which gave the following results, the 17-year-old students of the Theodore Wilbur Anderson Educational Unit are the most interested in doing physical activities in their free time, in second place they are 16-year-old students and finally 18-year-old students, in conclusion it can be mentioned that, in the Theodore Wilbur Anderson Educational Unit, students belonging to Basic Higher Education that oscillate between 16,17, 18 years are the most active and more interested in the subject of physical recreation in free time.