Introduction. Online dating violence has been shown to have a high frequency in the population of young university students. Despite this, there is little research aimed at studying this problem because its interest has focused on face-to-face or offline violence. Objective. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to analyze the frequency of online dating violence in Ecuadorian university students and determine the differences according to sex and sexual orientation. Methodology. This research presents a quantitative approach, is descriptive in scope and uses a cross-sectional design. 3,202 university students participated, who answered the Online Abuse in Dating Relationships Scale (AORN). Results. The results show that 76.7% of Ecuadorian university students have experienced being victims and 76.1% being perpetrators of online dating violence, considering that victims can also be perpetrators of violence. At the same time, statistically significant differences (p>.005) were found between sex and the perpetuation of direct aggression and monitoring/control. Conclusion. In conclusion, although there may be differences in the forms and consequences of violence, both men and women can be victims of violence, and both can suffer significant harm as a result.

Introduction. Enteroparasitic infections represent a public health problem due to their high prevalence in developing countries. The rural population is exposed to contagion due to poverty, lack of drinking water and poor hygienic-sanitary conditions. Objective. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the association between ingested foods and enteroparasites diagnosed in residents of the community of Cuatro Esquinas, San Andrés, Guano, Chimborazo. Methodology. Descriptive, field, transversal and prospective study. The sampling was non-probabilistic snowball sampling. The information was collected through surveys and coproparasitological diagnosis (direct examination, Ritchie, Kato-Katz, Ziehl-Neelsen). A total of 49 individuals (4 and 88 years old), male (19) and female (30), who provided fecal samples, were evaluated. Results. All individuals were infected, there was a higher prevalence of protozoa (100%) than helminths (4.08%) (X²=82.653; p<0.0001). The predominant parasites were Blastocystis sp. (77.55%), Endolimax nana (67.35%) and Entamoeba coli (36.73%) (X²=170.85; p<0.0001), and the only helminth detected was Ascaris lumbricoides (4.08 %). The statistical study did not verify a significant association between the declared foods of consumption (vegetables, fruits, foods of animal origin, grains) and the parasites detected in people. However, the epidemiological study highlights that 83.67% of individuals remain with dirty hands (X²=22.837; p<0.0001) and that 69.3% of individuals consume food at street stalls (X²=53.327; p<0.0001). Conclusion. It is concluded that the foods consumed by the participants are not vehicles for enteroparasites, but it should be considered as factors associated with transmission that most people remain with dirty hands and consume food at street stalls. General study area: Clinical Laboratory. Specific study area: Parasitology. Type of study: Original article.

Introduction. The pathology of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common condition, because of hyperglycemia, which causes damage to nerve conduction, causing involvement of the hands and fingers, resulting in deficits in functionality, sensitivity, and grip strength. Objective. This study aimed to determine the effect of physiotherapy intervention for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the wrist and hand. Methodology. Quantitative study, with an analytical model and longitudinal design, where 34 patients participated in the initial evaluation, but 17 patients completed after the intervention, conducted in the Atahualpa parish belonging to the Ambato canton and the other meeting point in the Cevallos canton. all belonging to the province of Tungurahua. Results. There was a significant improvement in hand pressure compared to the final evaluation compared to the initial evaluation p=0.000, but there was also an improvement in the assessment of reflexes from 17.6% before the intervention to 76.5% after the physiotherapy intervention. Conclusion. It demonstrated that the exercise program provided a positive effect for functionality, hand, and finger reflexes in people with DPN. General Study Area: Health. Specific area of study: Epidemiology and Public Health. Type of study: Original articles / Original articles.

Introduction: Reluctance to vaccination is considered as the refusal of child inoculation, which may be conditioned by factors such as fear, lack of knowledge or misinformation, which may incite the guardian not to comply with the scheme. It is estimated that 1.5 million children under one year of age do not complete their vaccination card in a timely manner. Objective: To determine the role of nursing in the face of the guardian's reluctance to inoculate children; vaccination was born as a reaction to the spread of several transmitted and infectious diseases, resulting in alarming statistical data of deaths. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted in scientific bases of critical readings and official sources such as the Pan American Health Organization, Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador, as well as national and international organizations; with the descriptors: Child vaccination, reluctance to vaccination and nursing procedures in vaccination. The time of publication from 2018 to 2022 was considered; 99 articles were reviewed. Results: It was determined that nurses should provide information, quality education, resolve guardians' doubts, remind next vaccination date, make phone calls and community interventions. Conclusion: The nursing staff should maintain an effective relationship with the caregiver throughout the process. General area of study: Health. Specific area of study: Nursing. Type of study: bibliographic.

Introduction. Self-esteem is a construct that is characterized by the evaluation that the individual makes of himself. Objective. Compare the levels of self-esteem depending on the sex of university students. Methodology. The study was comparative with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. The population was made up of 1927 students enrolled in the courses of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the National University of Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador, a sample of 1146 participants was selected through non-probabilistic sampling, based on criteria. The data were collected using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results. 72.8% of the participants were female and 85.8% came from the average socioeconomic level. Among the participants, the level of high self-esteem predominates in women (43.6%); while in men the medium and important levels were similar (38.1%). Conclusion. When comparing the state of self-esteem between both sexes, statistically significant differences were observed. General Study Area: Psychology. Specific area of study: Mental Health. Type of study: Original article.

Introduction. Musculoskeletal injuries in health professionals comprise a problem that has been little studied but has a profound impact for the professional, for the patient who receives their care, and for the employing organization. They represent high rates of morbidity and work disability; Therefore, its direct and indirect costs are exceedingly high and health institutions do not know the reality of their workers. Aim. Evaluate the management of ergonomic risk factors and their relationship with musculoskeletal injuries in health personnel. Methodology. Descriptive, cross-sectional cohort study, applying a structured and validated questionnaire to 240 professionals from the IESS Ambato General Hospital, selected through a stratified sampling of proportional allocation and under inclusion, exclusion, and ethical criteria. Data analysis was conducted in the IBM SPSS v20 system. Results. The personal risk factors of the workers showed an age between 25 to 40 years, a BMI of 24, the majority do not perform physical activity, and most have hypothyroidism, arthritis, and osteoarthritis. The most frequent musculoskeletal injuries were neck pain and low back pain and less than half had no treatment. Knowledge of ergonomic risk factors is extremely low, and the organization's actions are not sufficient to mitigate this problem; Therefore, a significant association (p=0.000) was found between BF and risk factor management. Conclusion. Evaluation of ergonomic risk factors. In health professionals it can contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries; Thus, occupational health must be considered a fundamental pillar in the development of an institution.

Introduction: a burn is the damage that the skin and tissues suffer from a hot stimulus. They are divided depending on the damage, ranging from 1st degree to 4th degree. In Ecuador, a study was conducted at the Baca Ortiz Hospital in the city of Quito where there is a reference that, of a total of 343 pediatric patients with burns. Burn scars remain a chronic problem after burn injuries, and symptomatic scars most commonly develop after deep or large surface burns that take more than three weeks to heal. Rehabilitation was once considered an afterthought treatment but has now been shown to be effective and beneficial for a variety of diseases and disorders and is recognized as an essential aspect of patients' good functional prognosis. Objective: Review the available scientific evidence on early physiotherapy intervention for the recovery and rehabilitation of burn patients. Methodology: A narrative review of the literature was conducted from a professional perspective of Physiotherapist – Psychology. The bibliographic review of documents in the Scopus, Google Scholar and SciELO databases. A total of 20 articles were selected, in English and Spanish, the descriptors Physiotherapy, kinesiotherapy, exercise and burns were used. Discussion: Treatment protocols and guidelines are proposed, from mild to severe burns that require hospitalization and surgical intervention with a multidisciplinary health team so that the patient has comprehensive care. Conclusion: We can maintain that physiotherapy and rehabilitation treatment in patients with burns, regardless of the degree, is timely and effective if it has the respective assessment and rehabilitative approach, such as recovering ranges of mobility or at the same time improving quality of life in patients from the Comprehensive rehabilitation point of view with a multidisciplinary team. General Study Area: Physiotherapy. Specific study area: Rehabilitative treatment in patients with burns. Study type: Original article.

Introduction. The role of the family is crucial in the psychological and social development of children, and even more so in the period of the emergence and spread of COVID 19. Therefore, it is important to examine how the relationship of each parent is directed towards establishing behaviors, providing emotional responses to everyday events, satisfying vital needs and problem-solving and how all these parental particularities can be associated with social skills. Objective. To analyze the impact of parenting styles on social skills in adolescents in times of pandemic. Methodology. It has a quantitative approach, correlational scope, documentary source, non-experimental design and is cross-sectional. The following instruments were considered for data collection: the Parental Socialization Styles Scale (ESPA-29) with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of .96, and the Social Skills Scale (EHS) with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.88. The study population consisted of 81 adolescents between 12 and 15 years of age from the "Juan Bautista Palacios" Educational Unit in the city of Ambato. Results. The descriptions of the population showed that both parental figures were authoritative, with mothers (43.2%) and fathers (48.1%); with respect to the variable of social skills, it was found that 45.7% of the adolescents had low levels in this aspect. As for the correlation analysis between parental socialization styles and social skills, it was found that, in the mother, there is a slight negative relationship (r= -.251; p= .024), these data indicate that the higher the mother's socialization style score, the lower the social skills developed in the adolescents. In contrast, a null correlation between the variables is evident in the father (r= -.060; p= .592), which implies that the way in which adolescents interact socially is not significantly related to the socialization styles of their parents. Conclusion. Socialization styles on the mother's side were positive, however, it is presumed that the development of social skills was disrupted by changes within the social interaction environment due to the COVID 19 health emergency. As for the father, the adolescents' way of relating to each other in this time is independent of the socialization styles they possess. General area of ​​study: clinical psychology. Specific area of ​​study: adolescent psychology. Type of study: Original articles.

Introduction. Intestinal parasitic infections represent a major public health challenge, especially in vulnerable populations residing in rural and peri-urban areas of low- and middle-income countries. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of enteroparasites among the inhabitants of a high-altitude community located in the Ecuadorian Andes region. Methodology. The research was descriptive, field, cross-sectional, prospective, and quantitative. The study population consisted of 252 residents of the investigated community; the sample size was determined through casual non-probabilistic sampling. A total of 46 fecal samples were collected, including 21 from male and 25 female individuals, aged between 4 and 86 years. Data collection was conducted using a structured survey and four coproparasitological sampling techniques (direct examination, Ritchie, Kato-Katz, Ziehl-Neelsen). Result. A parasitic spectrum made up of at least 11 species was detected, total parasitism reached 95.6%, protozoa (95.6%) were more frequent than helminths (2.3%) (X²=80.429; p< 0.0001), the significantly predominant parasite was Blastocystis sp. (91.3%) (X²=235.998; p<0.0001), highlighting Endolimax nana (71.7%), Entamoeba Complex (30.4%), Giardia duodenalis (15.2%), Cryptosporidium spp. (6.5%) and Hymenolepis nana (2.1%). Most of the individuals were parasitized by three species (31.1%) (X²=8.622; p<0.0001). In the comparative analysis of prevalence between sexes and age groups, no significant differences could be verified. Conclusion. The prevalence of enteroparasites in the analyzed population reaching 95.6%, placing it among the highest rates recorded in the country. These results demonstrate that the rural area studied maintains inadequate conditions of hygiene and environmental sanitation, which triggers parasitic transmission in most individuals, regardless of sex and age. General study area: Clinical Laboratory. Specific study area: Parasitology. Type of study: Original article.

Introduction. Intestinal parasites are a health problem that does not receive the attention it deserves. In Ecuador, the parasite prevalence is significantly higher in rural areas (80%) than in urban areas (20-40%), with schoolchildren being more likely to acquire enteroparasites. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of enteroparasitosis, after an educational and pharmacological intervention with a broad-spectrum antiparasitic in students attending an Educational Unit of Guano-Chimborazo. Methodology. Coproparasite analyzes were performed on 18 students (5 and 13 years old). The research is descriptive, cuasiexperimental, longitudinal, ambispective and quantitative. A fecal sample was collected per individual, subsequently analyzes were performed using different techniques: direct examination, Ritchie, Kato-Katz and Ziehl-Neelsen. Results. A percentage decrease in the total prevalence of parasitism was found from 100% to 88.9%, without achieving statistical significance (X² =2.118; P=0.1456), this result was conditioned by the lower prevalence of Endolimax nana that was reduced from 72.2 to 44.4% and Giardia duodenalis from 11.1 to 5.5%. On the contrary, an increase in prevalence in Entamoeba coli was found from 33.3 to 38.8%; Entamoeba hartmanni from 38.8 to 44.4%; Iodamoeba butschlii from 0 to 16.6%; Chilomastix mesnili from 5.5 to 33.3% and Blastocystis sp., from 55.5 to 61.1% Conclusion. The educational training and the antiparasitic treatment applied were not sufficient; it is necessary that hygienic measures be intensified, the population intervene again with a systematic hygiene education program and the competent authorities improve health facilities to ensure that infections decrease significantly. General study area: Clinical Laboratory. Specific study area: Parasitology. Type of study: Original article.

Introduction. Prematurity is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age and is the cause of 50% of disability in children. When a child is born before 32 weeks of gestation and with a low weight, they are more likely to suffer internal ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) due to the immaturity of the germinal matrix (GM), which can cause neurodevelopmental damage in distinct aspects. Objective. To identify the effects of early stimulation in preterm infants and its incidence in strengthening motor skills during the development of children. Methodology. A documentary work was developed, with a systematic research design and descriptive level. For the collection of information, 9 databases were initially considered, articles published since 2018 were considered, in Spanish, English and Portuguese, and clinical cases of a particular patient will be excluded. Results. After several filters, a total of 18 articles were obtained, with remarkable results on the different methods used in the early care of premature infants. Conclusion. Early kinesthetic attention and the kangaroo position method show favorable results for sensory development and contribute to the feeding process in preterm infants.

Introduction. Water contamination with antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a global problem and continues to grow due to the evolution of these microorganisms. Most waterborne diseases are caused by microorganisms found in water bodies, contaminated with human or animal feces. Objective. Identify the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of clinically relevant bacteria isolated from the Guamote River, located in an agricultural area of ​​the Ecuadorian Andes. Methodology. A descriptive study was conducted with a non-experimental field design, quantitative and transversal approach. It began with the collection of water samples in six different geographical points, to proceed with the measurement of pH, environmental and water temperature. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed by conventional tests using culture media together with biochemical tests. The antibiotic resistance profile was determined by the agar disc diffusion method. Results. Bacteria belonging to the order Enterobacterales (Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella oxytoca), (2/15) 13.30 % corresponding to the Aeromonadaceae family and (1/15) 6.70 % to Enterococcus faecalis were identified (12/15) 80.0 %. Most of the Enterobacteriaceae showed resistance to amoxacillin, amoxacillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, kanamycin, colistin, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and intermediate sensitivity to imipenem. The strains of Aeromonas sp showed resistance to amoxacillin and intermediate sensitivity to imipemem. Conclusion. There is contamination of the water of the Guamote river basin by Enterobacterales, Aeromonas sp and E. faecalis; with resistance to antibiotics of clinical use.

Introduction. Dental caries is one of the most frequent infectious diseases. Streptocococcus mutans is the main etiological agent associated with the onset of this disease. Objective. To identify and microbiologically characterize the presence of S. mutans in saliva samples from mothers and children of Centros de Desarrollo Infantil del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal, Riobamba, Ecuador. Methodology. Field study, with a non-experimental design, cross-sectional and quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 111 children, aged between 1 and 4 years, selected from 5 child development centers belonging to Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal, Riobamba, Ecuador. In addition, 27 mothers of these children participated in the study. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and processed at the laboratory of Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Cultures were performed on agar mitis salivarius to count the colonies that presented the typical characteristics of S. mutans, followed by their identification with conventional biochemical tests. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using absolute and relative frequencies. Results. Out of a total of 111 children screened, S. mutans was detected in 55 (49.5%) of them. Among them, 39 (79%) showed a medium cariogenic risk. Only 27 of the 55 mothers agreed to collaborate in the isolation of the bacteria, 9 (33.3%) presented the microorganism. In relation to their cariogenic risk, it was observed that 7 (25.9%) had a medium risk, with values between 8 and 70 CFU. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate an increased risk of dental caries among the child population under study, revealing that 49.5% of the cases examined presented the presence of S. mutans. These findings can play a crucial role as indicators to guide the implementation of strategies in oral health prevention programs.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the mental health of the academic community of the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Riobamba (ISTR) in Ecuador during the post-pandemic period of COVID-19. Methodology: The study involved 154 participants who were selected through stratified random sampling, fulfilling two roles, the student role N=77 and teaching role N=77. The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used and a Chi-Square test of Homogeneity X2 was applied to compare the results between students and teachers. Results: In terms of mental health diagnosis, several prominent symptoms were identified in each dimension. In the Somatic Dimension, headache (35.7%) and exhaustion (31.2%) stood out. In the Anxiety Dimension, overwhelm and tension (33.1%) and insomnia (31.8%) prevailed. In the Social Dimension, a greater impact on activation time (22.7%) and the ability to enjoy (22.7%) was observed. In the Depression Dimension, uncontrollable nerves (14.3%) and persistent self-harming thoughts (11.0%) were highlighted. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the Somatic (X2=4.026; p=0.045) and Depression (X2=4.107; p=0.043) dimensions between students and teachers. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the Social (X2=2.77; p=0.096) and Anxiety (X2=0.496; p=0.481) dimensions. Conclusion: This study indicates the presence of cases of mental health problems in the ISTR student and faculty population after the COVID-19 pandemic period. Furthermore, it confirms the existence of significant differences in the Somatic and Depression dimensions between these two groups, which underlines the importance of specifically addressing mental health needs in these academic contexts. General Study Area: Psychology. Specific area of ​​study: Mental Health. Study type: Original articles.

Introduction: excessive use of mobile devices causes negative effects on physical and mental health. Objective: to establish the relationship between mobile device dependence and prefrontal symptoms. Methodology: a quantitative, descriptive, correlational, non-experimental cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 859 students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the National University of Chimborazo enrolled in the period May-September 2020, selected by simple random sampling. The Mobile Dependence Test was applied. Results: 51.5% have low excessive cell phone use, followed by 34.4% of university students with moderate abstinence. In the Prefrontal Symptom Inventory, alterations in social behavior were identified with 36% at a low level, and in prefrontal symptoms with 35% at a severe level. Also, moderate positive relationships were found between mobile device dependence and prefrontal symptoms. Conclusion: mobile device addiction in college students is significantly related to prefrontal symptoms. General area of study: Clinical Psychology. Specific area of study: Neuropsychology. Type of study: Original article.

Introduction. Education in virtuality requires adaptability of both students and teachers. This study aimed to demonstrate the importance of these information technologies in the formative learning of medicine from its anatomical bases. Objective. To create a virtual museum, as well as its diffusion on the free-access Web and the evaluation of the impact on the participating students, both in its creation and in the degree of satisfaction of the course with this methodology. Methodology: To conduct the research, a quantitative, descriptive, transversal, field and non-experimental study was developed. 27 students of the subject of Neuroanatomy participated, with the preparation of all the material to be used, three-dimensional models, anatomical models and graphic techniques and even dissections in non-human tissues; for the evaluation of the participation of the process in the learning and satisfaction, two self-administered survey questionnaires, designed for this purpose, were used. Results: 70.4% of the students surveyed were very satisfied with the content of the subject taught in the academic period, likewise, 92.6% of the students acquired the appropriate knowledge for the semester and 85,2 % of them indicated that they had a good degree of satisfaction. Conclusions: The results achieved regarding the satisfaction with the content and acquired knowledge, demonstrated the importance of applying innovative methods using digital tools. Consequently, the students' immersion in the creation of the digital museum contributed to increasing their learning with a good degree of satisfaction.

Introduction: It is estimated that psychological effects arise from circumstances, behaviors or significant events in the person's life, impacting the cognitive, emotional, behavioral domains and relationships with the social environment, which causes women to use various coping strategies. psychological coping to cope with perinatal pain and grief resulting from the death of the baby before birth and which can have profound psychological effects on women. Aim. To determine the psychological effects and coping strategies as predictors of perinatal grief. Methodology. A bibliographic and documented review was implemented, using the following keywords: “AND”, “OR” and “NOT”, and through keywords referring to the research topic and 10 articles were selected. Results. The loss of a baby generates emotional suffering that leads to the presence of related psychological effects such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and the use of strategies. Coping strategies play a fundamental role, helping to adapt to this painful situation. Among the most used are the search for alternatives or problem solutions, the support of support networks, conformity, little emotional control accompanied by emotional avoidance, and with minimal behavioral avoidance. Conclusion. The psychological effects and coping strategies as predictors of perinatal grief represent a highly disturbing event for women's mental health, placing mothers in a position of greater psychological fragility.

Introduction: Scientific production is fundamental in the development and advancement of nursing, since it allows generating new knowledge, evaluating existing practices, building nursing evidence to support the processes and actions of this area with greater certainty and with the support of the scientific demonstration, which allows improving the quality of nursing intervention. Objective: Determine the scientific production of nursing teachers at a university in Ecuador to enhance their knowledge and provide solutions to potential problems in the discipline. Methodology: scientific and technological research, own and original results of an unpublished scientific work are presented. Results: The scientific production of nursing teachers is derived from several research projects, framed within institutional research lines, resulting in publications at a regional and global level, as well as the production of books; It is highlighted that in 2022 there is an increase in scientific production with 46 publications, which have been disseminated to the scientific community. Conclusion: Scientific production in nursing teachers is essential for the development and advancement of the discipline, as well as for the professional development and academic reputation of teachers and educational institutions.

Introduction. Currently, endodontic treatment is one of the most performed procedures in conservative dentistry. One of the most important steps is the disinfection of the root canals since microorganisms can be found there and they can interfere with the success of the treatment. Objective. To analyze the effect of different irrigants on the removal of the smear layer during endodontic treatment through a bibliographic review. Methodology.  This research is a bibliographic-based study that analyzed scientific articles about endodontic irrigants, the information was collected from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Elsevier, and others, directing the analysis to dependent and independent variables to develop a guide on the correct use of endodontic irrigants. Results. 80 articles were reviewed to analyze the effect of many irrigants on removing the smear layer during endodontic treatment; 57 articles were selected to meet the inclusion criteria. Most publications were qualitative and descriptive documents, published between 2019 and 2022 mainly from the United States. The distribution by the database was: Pubmed 54.2%, Google Scholar (3.4%), and Korea Med (3.4%). 27.45% of the articles corresponded to the Q1 quartile. Regarding the citation count and the SJR impact factor, it was found that in 2018, 42 citations were recorded with an SJR impact factor of 1.14, representing the highest one. Conclusion. It is concluded that each irrigant fulfills a specific function, currently, there is no single substance that ideally eliminates organic and inorganic tissue and microorganisms from the root canals, therefore, it is determined that irrigation must be a combination of the irrigants interspersed to disinfect.

High blood pressure or also called hypertension influences cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension. Objective- Its purpose is to analyze the information on the benefits of aerobic exercises as physical therapy for adults with chronic arterial hypertension. According to the World Health Organization in the Americas, 1.6 million people die each year from cardiovascular disease, most of which are under the age of 70, which is considered an avoidable premature death. Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for diseases such as high blood pressure, so regular participation in physical activity is very beneficial. Methodology- by reviewing bibliographic sources to verify its effectiveness in these patients, the inductive method has been used by collecting information according to the independent (aerobic exercises) and dependent (adults with hypertension) study variables, through the process indirect observation, analysis, and interpretation of information. For the collection of the different articles, the date of publication from 2013 to 2023 was taken as a reference, articles were found in both English and Spanish. All the information was collected from different search strategies of digital platforms such as: PEDro, SciELO, PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, Google Scholar. The articles included in this research were validated by the PEDro scale, in a score of 6 to 10 and articles from the last 10 years. Objective- aims to analyze information on the benefits of aerobic exercise as physical therapy of adults with chronic hypertension. Results- the criteria of authors with greater relevance were collected, the contents of the articles with the highest score on the PEDro scale were detailed, while the bibliographic search considered their most important content, the type of study is shown, mainly randomized clinical trials, the population, the intervention, and the results of each article. Conclusions- It is concluded that aerobic exercises in the physiotherapeutic treatment of hypertensive adults have a significant impact not only on the decrease in blood pressure but also on other factors that influence to reduce stress, anxiety and improve sleep, thus helping the patient to lead a better quality of life. General Study Area: Health and Wellness. Specific area of ​​study: physical therapy. Study type: original article

Introduction: The APGAR test is a test performed on the infant at birth, which is of great value in the diagnosis and monitoring of some of the diseases that can later result in complications, it is performed on the infant in the first and fifth minute after birth. Objective: To describe the determinants of low APGAR test results and their importance for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of possible abnormal conditions in neonates at delivery. Methodology: It was based on a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional documentary review design of previous studies published in indexed databases around health, pediatrics and neonatology, including all documents related to the object of research. Results: The literature review indicated that infants born preterm, between 24 and 26 weeks, can survive if they receive intensive care measures; however, most have respiratory distress due to surfactant deficiency. Male sex, low birth weight, prematurity, APGAR score < 7 at 5 minutes and need for admission to the neonatal ICU were associated with early neonatal mortality. The treatment applied at a low APGAR test score is physical stimulation to achieve healthy heart palpitation and oxygen supply. Conclusions: The documentary review carried out allowed the general objective of the present study to be realized. The APGAR test is an indispensable tool to evaluate the condition of the newborn and to establish the possible manoeuvres for the survival or treatment of illnesses in the newborn. The male gender has a higher predisposition to low values in the APGAR test than the female gender, therefore, the gestational health of a male mother will have repercussions on the postpartum conditions of the child. Type of study: Documentary review article

Introduction.  A systematic review was carried out on the use of intraoral scanners in dentistry, collecting information about the precision of different brands within the market, knowing their advantages and disadvantages, and the clinical acceptance of professionals was analyzed when comparing them with conventional impressions. In addition, the application of digital flow applied in the different branches of dentistry was studied. Objective. The objective of this research was to carry out a review on the precision of intraoral scanners in dentistry, comparing scanners from different commercial companies, knowing their advantages and disadvantages, as well as knowing the clinical acceptance of professionals when using them compared to the use of conventional impressions and the digital flow applied in the different branches of dentistry, these with the aim of improving impression taking for dental preparations, generating a more effective and precise process than conventional impressions. Methodology.  A systematic review was carried out, based on the PRISMA methodology, a question was written based on the PICO technique, the search was carried out until September 2023 in the databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science, they were not applied date or language filters, the following information was extracted: author and year, journal, type of study, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, type of sample, age, sex, type of material, type of software, type of intraoral scanner and methodology. Results.  The application of intraoral scanners when used on printed models demonstrated clinically acceptable precision compared to measurements made with a caliper on plaster models with conventional impressions, however, the measurement method could affect the reproducibility of the measurements. Conclusion. It is important to establish a comparison with the conventional systems that have been used and known by all dentists, thus comparing the digital flow and its application in different areas as a tool on which we can rely to provide a better service to our patients.

Introduction. Helicobacter pylori infection is a pathogenic bacterium that is widely distributed throughout the world and affects people of all ages. It is associated with gastrointestinal diseases, such as peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, and MALT lymphomas. Aim. To determine the prevalence and associated factors with Helicobacter pylori infection in students at the National University of Chimborazo, to obtain relevant information for the prevention and management of infection in this population. Methodology. A descriptive and cross-sectional analysis was carried out, applying instruments such as surveys, diagnosis of H. pylori infection by detection of antigen in stool, using a commercial qualitative immunochromatographic assay and retrospective statistical analysis. A sample of 31 patients, 9 men and 22 women, with prior informed consent was used. Results. In the study group, a higher prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was determined in male students, representing 8%; among the factors associated with the infection, the inadequate use of cisterns, the consumption of drinking water, and inadequate handling of street food. Conclusion. Research on the prevalence and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in medical students at the National University of Chimborazo reveals the importance of education and awareness in the prevention of this infection. The findings indicate that although prevalence may be significant in this population, awareness of hygienic practices and promotion of a healthy lifestyle may play a crucial role in reducing infection. These results highlight the need for continued educational programs and preventive measures to protect the health of medical students and, ultimately, the general population. General study area: medicine. Specific area of ​​study: gastroenterology.

Introduction. Deep margin elevation (DME) is a less invasive alternative to coronal lengthening and orthodontic extrusion, offering lower cost and clinical time. DME involves elevating the margin of subgingival cavities to maintain periodontal health and prevent bacterial accumulation. Consider a minimum distance of 3 millimeters between the cavity and the osseous ridge. The choice of material and adhesive system plays an important role in marginal adaptation. Flowable resin composites excel in marginal adaptation, although they are not suitable for thermomechanical loading, suggesting preheated composites. Objective.  To analyze the marginal integrity and periodontal status of materials used for DME. Methodology. This study is a qualitative, cross-sectional systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Multiple databases were searched extensively through July 2023 and inclusion criteria were applied that focused on studies incorporating the DME technique. A total of 692 articles were identified, of which 23 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. Results. Addressing subgingival proximal caries lesions with DME to improve adaptation and periodontal health of surrounding tissues. Various materials used for DME are discussed, but lack of consensus on the choice of material and technique persists. Controversy is noted in studies evaluating the influence of SMD on marginal adaptation. In addition, the importance of maintaining an adequate distance between the restoration margin and the osseous ridge for periodontal health.

Introduction. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects individuals over 50 years of age. It is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor and cognitive symptoms. Objective.  This review focused on analyzing the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methodology.  The study employed a descriptive methodology with a qualitative approach, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Six investigations involving patients at various stages of Parkinson's disease were included, and they utilized different Transcranial electrical stimulation protocols. Patients received transcranial direct current stimulation in specific brain areas, sometimes combined with physical and cognitive exercises. Results. The results obtained in these studies demonstrated significant improvements in gait speed, step length, and cognitive function in some cases. These improvements were more pronounced when transcranial direct current stimulation was applied in combination with physical and cognitive exercises. Conclusion. However, it's worth noting that the exact electrode placement and stimulation intensity varied among the different studies, indicating some heterogeneity in the approaches used.

Introduction: The objective of this article is to determine the importance of research in the practice of teaching, with the purpose of supporting the need for its execution in the educational area, creating a more enriching training for teachers and students that generates new knowledge. on the topic of interest. Objective: Document research as an essential process for the educational area. Methodology: bibliographic review was used. Results: the study and analysis of several authors on the topic addressed, with the purpose of creating their own criteria on the importance of research in the exercise of teaching and developing the topic in an impartial manner, through the study that has the necessary support for the findings found and presented in this article. Conclusion: research in higher education is of vital importance due to its impact at the individual, institutional and societal levels, allowing the development of better pedagogical practices, teaching and evaluation methods, which leads to a constant improvement in educational quality. translating into a more effective and meaningful learning experience for students. General area of ​​study: nursing. Specific area of ​​study: teaching and research. Type of study: Original articles documentary review.

Introduction: Clinical personality patterns are entities characterized by biopsychosocially grounded constructs that help the subject to behave in a certain way in the areas of the life cycle, these may be affected by age-related cognitive impairment and neurological alterations such as headaches, present in patients receiving specialized treatment. Objectives: To identify clinical personality patterns, determine the levels of cognitive impairment and establish the relationship between the phenomena studied. Methodology: A basic review was carried out to generate knowledge on the principles of the variables, quantitative, field approach, with a non-experimental and transversal design, since it was carried out in a determined time, with a descriptive and correlational scope and an analytical scientific method. Conclusion: there is evidence that the clinical personality pattern that stands out is schizoid. A significant number of the population does not present cognitive impairment. The only significant and negative correlation is between cognitive impairment and the avoidant pattern.

Introduction: Academic success turns out to be a life goal for many young people in technological higher education, where factors such as learning styles intervene, which facilitate the understanding of their cognitive, affective and physiological characteristics with which they perceive and respond to a learning scenario. On the other hand, mental health is conceived as fundamental for human well-being. Understanding these variables allows students and teachers to organize and plan an optimal teaching-learning process. Objectives: to identify the learning styles most used in the population; to establish the mental health scales by gender and to determine correlations between the variables under study. Methodology: a quantitative approach was used with a basic purpose to know the nature of the variables, the data source was from the field, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design, its scope was descriptive and correlational, an analytical method was established. Results: significant differences were found (p<0.05) in the use of learning styles between men and women in the Active-Reflective, Visual-Verbal and Sensory-Intuitive scales. Likewise, when analyzing mental health by gender, women presented a greater number of symptoms than men, thus, in the category “Somatic symptoms” a difference of 25.9 % to 9.8 % was found; in “Anxiety-Insomnia” from 31.3 to 17.4; in “Social dysfunction” from 17.2 % to 7.5 % and in “Depression” from 15.1 % to 9.1 %. It was further determined that “Active-Reflective” and “Sequential-Global” learning styles possessed a stronger negative correlation with mental health. Conclusions: Finally, it was concluded that the female population presents greater alteration in their mental health, probably influenced by learning styles.

Introduction. Non-specific low back pain is an especially important socio-health problem, since it represents the second cause of chronic pain and disability worldwide; In addition, it includes the pathology with the greatest burden of disability. Its clinical and therapeutic approach is oriented towards the administration of drugs and conventional physiotherapy, which have not been able to reduce the chronicity of the condition or recurrences; Therefore, contemporary trends suggest the application of exercises such as hypopressive abdominal exercises, whose benefits are already known. Aim. To determine the effects of the hypopressive abdominal technique on non-specific chronic low back pain in administrative personnel. Methodology. Quasi-experimental, longitudinal cohort study; on 28 workers from the Cotocollao clinic who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The intensity of pain was measured with the Latineen index, and the level of disability associated with low back pain with the Oswestry index, both before and after the application of the intervention. The hypopressive exercise program was applied for 12 weeks after its review and validation under expert judgment. Results. The results demonstrated a clinical improvement, where clinical symptoms decreased and there were significant differences between the measures (p<= 0.05). Conclusion. The hypopressive abdominal technique reduces pain and the level of disability associated with nonspecific low back pain in workers at the Cotocollao clinic.

Introduction. The Maitland technique has presented positive results compared to conventional physiotherapy, which is why it has been considered of great importance to collect scientific information and highlight the benefits of the Maitland technique in patients with adhesive capsulitis, through results obtained from studies carried out that demonstrate its effectiveness within the treatment protocols in order to provide information on the technique and be applied mainly by physiotherapists as part of the therapeutic treatment. Objective: This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the Maitland technique in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methodology: Descriptive bibliographic design. Results. The Maitland technique is effective in reducing pain and improving joint range when applied in multimodal treatments. Conclusion. The information found about the technique reports that it is effective in treatment protocols, relieves pain and improves mobility affected by adhesive capsulitis.

Stress in students remains a challenge when facing new changes in the life of adolescents or young adults. That's why the Maslach scale has been a tool that provides us with guidance on this issue in university students. Objective: To determine the percentage of Burnout in Physiotherapy students at the National University of Chimborazo in 2023. Methodology: A mixed study with a qualitative approach, supported by verifiable scientific sources such as scientific articles, journals, and websites, using an inductive method. Additionally, the Maslach test was administered to Physiotherapy students at the National University of Chimborazo in Ecuador. Result: According to an analysis conducted among students to diagnose Burnout Syndrome, 42% of them indicate that they experience it, but at an early stage. Another 40% express a high likelihood of developing it, while 9% are at advanced stages of the syndrome. The remaining 7% do not have it, and only 3% are in a state of exhaustion or fatigue.

Apical locators are essential tools used during endodontic treatment in order to check the working length of root canals, allowing the endodontist to accurately identify the position of the apex and contributing to the reduction of failures during treatment. To develop this topic, various articles were investigated using a qualitative methodology from various sources such as PubMed, Scielo, Elsevier and Google Scholar. Demonstrating that LAs are highly effective in determining working length compared to conventional methods. Introduction.  Apical locators are devices that have been shown to provide precision and effectiveness in endodontic treatments compared to conventional techniques, and have shown a reduction in endodontic failures resulting from unsuccessful treatment and rehabilitation of a tooth. From the first consultation, it is crucial to make an accurate diagnosis of the tooth's conditions and apply the appropriate biological principles and protocols to avoid complications during the procedure. Objective. Determine the impact of the use of apical locators on the reduction of endodontic failures Methodology.  This research study used appropriate methods and focused on academic and scientific databases, it contains a type of qualitative research where a comprehensive review of publications from 2013 to 2023 was carried out in an organized manner. The analysis focused on two variables: the use of apical locators (independent variable) and endodontic failures (dependent variable). The research design is considered descriptive since its objective is to systematically collect, summarize and present the information existing in the scientific and bibliographic literature. Results.  In 1962, apical locators were developed as an alternative to conventional techniques for measuring root canal length. These devices use electrical signals to determine the position of the apex of the tooth and the length of the root canal, being more precise and comfortable for the patient. In addition, they avoid exposure to radiation, a risk of conventional radiographic techniques. Third generation apical locators can achieve accuracies greater than 90%. Conclusion.  Endodontic treatment failures may be due to several factors, such as the skills of the endodontist, the complexity of the case, and inadequate disinfection. Although the failure rate has decreased due to technological advances, persistent cases of infection can still lead to treatment failures. Next-generation apical locators use advanced technology, such as electronic resistance and impedance measurement, to achieve precise root canal localization. This helps avoid complications such as perforations and bacteria buildup, improving the effectiveness and safety of the procedure.

Respiratory therapy has gained significant relevance in recent years, and with the onset of the pandemic, it has become one of the central pillars in the treatment of Elderly Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, improving their prognosis in recovery. Objective. To conduct a systematic literature review on respiratory therapy in adults infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methodology.  A systematic literature review was conducted, collecting data from databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Google Academic and virtual libraries of university repositories. The focus was on respiratory therapy applied in the treatment of COVID-19-infected patients, with the keywords used including respiratory therapy, adult, COVID-19, physiotherapy, and post-COVID-19. Results.  A documented literature review of scientific articles was performed, revealing that the most affected population by the pandemic was males and the average recovery time for patients undergoing respiratory therapy is 13 days. Conclusion.  It was evident that male patients are the most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Additionally, conditions such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are predictors of an increased percentage of fatalities in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction.  Skin cancer is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide, which is divided into two types: melanoma and non-melanoma. Melanoma is a type of cancer that originates in melanocytes, is invasive and has a higher mortality rate, reaching 65% of deaths and 80% of cases, mainly in North America, Europe and Oceania. In Latin America, according to Globocan (4), mortality from skin melanoma is 2.9 and 0.79 per 100,000 men and women respectively. Objective.  To determine the 5-year survival in patients diagnosed with melanoma skin cancer diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 with follow-up until 2020 at SOLCA Hospital. Methodology. A cohort study was carried out selecting patients with melanoma skin cancer to determine their 5-year survival through review of medical records and follow-up until December 31, 2020. Factors that increase the Hazard Ratio of the patients were determined. groups selected according to age, sex, stage of the disease and histological characteristics of the lesions. Results.  Patients diagnosed with melanoma skin cancer who have a higher probability of 5-year survival are male patients, malignant lentiginous type and in clinical stage X. Conclusion.  It is necessary to investigate predisposing factors, expand the information in the medical records to obtain better results and be able to establish prevention plans for this type of cancer.

Blood is pumped under pressure, which is referred to as blood pressure. It is considered normal when its value is 120/80 mmHg; however, when these values are higher, it is considered that a person has high blood pressure, which is a serious medical disorder that potentially increases the risk of developing cardiovascular, cerebral, and renal diseases. The aim is to determine the effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program in older adults with hypertension by gathering scientific literature information published in different databases to provide updated information. It is demonstrated that cardiac rehabilitation improves high-density lipoprotein levels, reduces risk factors such as cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference

Introduction. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative process of the joints caused by an imbalance between the synthesis and degradation of articular cartilage as a consequence of different mechanical or biological disorders that leads to the growth of subchondral bone and the appearance of chronic synovitis. Objective. To argue the effectiveness of physical agents in the treatment of patients with rhizarthrosis through literature review. Methodology. The deductive method of documentary type was used since the effectiveness of physical agents in the treatment of rhizarthrosis was evidenced, descriptive design. Results. The results indicate that treatments with physical agents such as kerosene, ultrasound, thermotherapy and magnetotherapy are those most frequently used, the similarity of the authors' criteria was relevant for the present research. Conclusion. The use of physical agents is a therapeutic dilemma for patients with rhizarthrosis, since this pathology is not reversible, therefore, through a correct diagnosis, application and evaluation, functional performance can be optimized, pain can be reduced and quality of life can be improved. General area of study: Physiotherapy. Specific area of study: Osteoarthritis. Type of study: Documentary.

Introduction: Adequacy of therapeutic effort (AET) is a clinical decision to stop diagnostic and/or treatment activities for patients with terminal illnesses or at the end of life, to ensure that the transition between life and death is appropriate and humane. Aim The present study was developed through a bibliographic review with the objective of systematizing emotional and ethical aspects of AET. Methodology: The search was conducted in the Web of Science and Medline databases, on the ProQuest platform and in the SciELO digital library. The population, intervention, comparison and results and objectives (PICO) format was used to establish the research question and define the descriptors, the methodological quality was evaluated by applying the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Spanish (CASPe) guide. Results: 19 scientific articles were selected, which allowed the following results to be identified: among the attitudes and emotions expressed about AET are fear, sadness, fear, confusion, and dissatisfaction. Decisions are based on the Code of Medical Ethics, the patient's clinic, and bioethical principles. Conclusion: Nursing professionals experience difficulties by not being considered when deciding their application, work stress, lack of records in medical records, lack of supplies and protocols, and obstacles in communication with family members.

Introduction.  Diarrheal syndromes are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 6 years of age in low- and middle-income countries, where limited access to safe water and poor sanitation, among others, prevail. Around the world there are around 1.7 billion cases and 1.5 million deaths each year. In Ecuador a high percentage of infants die from diarrheal diseases. Objective.  Estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp., associated with diarrheal syndrome in the child population of the Alfonso Villagómez pediatric hospital, Riobamba, Chimborazo – Ecuador. Methodology. A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, analytical, field, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample was calculated by applying the finite population formula (probability sampling). The analysis of 386 pediatric patients between 6 months and 6 years old, who presented diarrheal syndrome, was achieved. For the detection of Salmonella and Shigella, it was isolated and identified by means of conventional tests, using culture media: agar (SSA), Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD), for identification the required biochemical tests and the resistance profile to the antibiotics was determined by the agar disk diffusion method. Results. 75 fecal samples of the 386 analyzed (19.53%) were positive for Enterobacteriaceae. The isolated organisms were Salmonella spp., 37 (9.59%), Shigella spp., 26 (6.74%) and Escherichia coli 12 (3.11%). A statistically significant association was found between the presence of enterobacteria and the age of the children. Conclusion. Diarrheal syndrome continues to be a health problem in our environment, the main causal agent of infectious diarrhea in the child population of the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador is Salmonella spp., and is followed in frequency by Shigella spp. The information presented constitutes a source of relevant information that complements clinical and epidemiological surveillance.

Introduction: Gallbladder disorders in pregnancy are currently considered one of the most common non-obstetric abdominal pathologies, being a public health problem. The presence of gallstones is more frequent in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women, due to the physiological and hormonal changes experienced by women at this stage, which predisposes to the appearance of gallbladder pathologies, affecting the normal course of pregnancy. The delay in the management of these diseases implies an increase in morbidity in this population group. Objective: To analyze the current guidelines and recommendations on the therapeutic management of bladder disorders in pregnant women. Methodology: Bibliographic research with a qualitative approach of descriptive scope with research published in the last 5 years; 35 documents with scientific validity obtained from regional and high impact databases in English and Spanish were reviewed. Results: There is controversy in the choice of treatment, there are several therapeutic options including conservative management and surgical approach. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is beneficial and safe in any trimester of gestation with low maternal-fetal complication rates of 3.5%. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe method of choice for those patients with symptomatology and/or complications of biliary pathology, while the conservative approach is reserved for asymptomatic patients. General area of study: Medicine. Specific area of study: General Surgery. Type of study: Bibliographic Review

Introduction. The cervicovaginal environment, comprising the cervix and vagina, is home to a diversity of microorganisms, known as the cervicovaginal microbiota, which primarily consists of bacteria. However, imbalances in this flora can lead to abnormal vaginal discharge and vaginal infections, which are a public health problem at a global and regional level, affecting women in Latin America, including Ecuador. Objective. Identify non-epithelial microorganisms in cervicovaginal samples to contribute to prevention strategies and personalized treatments, improving the care and well-being of women of childbearing age. Methodology. A quantitative approach and the exploratory synthetic scientific method were used. Sociodemographic information was collected through individual interviews and microbiological examinations of cervicovaginal samples. The research design was non-experimental. The study population was patients from the Cytology Laboratory of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the National University of Chimborazo, totaling 93 patients. Results. The results revealed that 31.2% of the samples presented bacterial vaginosis, followed by Candida albicans with 8.6% and Trichomonas vaginalis with 7.5%. Furthermore, 51.6% of women showed normal results without the presence of non-epithelial microorganisms. Conclusion. This study details the diversity of microorganisms in cervicovaginal samples, highlighting the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, followed by Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis. These findings underscore the importance of careful analysis of the microbiota to understand vaginal health and highlight the complexity of the vaginal ecosystem.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains one of the most common infections in the human population. This virus has approximately 200 different genotypes, which are classified in terms of their oncogenic capacity into high and low risk. The identification of these genotypes has been carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, which requires the use of specific primers to guarantee accurate results. Methodology. A qualitative approach was applied, with a descriptive scope and a transversal theoretical-documentary design, since the updated literature extracted from scientific articles related to the research topic was analyzed and synthesized, which allowed the research to be deepened and the objectives met. raised. Several recently published articles that refer to the initiators used were reviewed. Results. Shown are 17 useful primers for high-risk variants 17 and 15 for variants 18, as well as other variants. Different aspects to highlight in its analysis are presented in an organized manner, as well as characteristics to take into account for its design. In addition, sequence analysis tools, guidelines and required parameters to consider to ensure a good PCR reaction are mentioned. It is very convenient to take into account the taxonomic classification and structure of HPV that allows us to understand the use of a primer for a certain gene of the virus. When needing to use a certain primer, it is suggested to take into account the most convenient ones according to the values obtained by the bioinformatics tools and the authors who tested and published PCR detection sequences. Conclusion Shown are 17 useful primers for high-risk variants 16 and 15 for variants 18, plus 8 for other types. In addition, parameters for each one are shown that allow you to have criteria to decide your selection.

Introduction. Dental caries is a highly prevalent multifactorial disease that affects billions of people around the world, mainly at an early age. The application of toothpastes for its prevention is one of the most used strategies, with a wide range of dental caries on the market. supply of these products, so it is important to demonstrate effectiveness against the main microbial causal agent. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of five brands of pediatric toothpaste in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and establish its relationship with fluoride concentration. Methodology. The study was descriptive, cross-sectional observational, non-experimental. The experimental units were made up of 50 boxes of Müeller-Hinton agar enriched with blood, in which the strain of Streptococcus mutans was inoculated and a disc was placed with the toothpastes: Colgate KIDS ZERO, Blendax Kids, Trial KIDS, Oral-B KID'S and Blendy COOL, in 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16 and 1:32 solutions for each brand. It was incubated at 36ºC for 48 hours and subsequently the inhibition zones were measured, the experiment was replicated 10 times per sample and the data were processed in SPSS version 36. Results. It is established that there are greater inhibitory effects in 1:2 dilution, highlighting the brands Blendax Kids and Blendy Cool (X =12.20 mm); X = 10.12mm), in dilutions 1: 8 and 1:16, the inhibitor effect decreases in dentifriques such as Trial Kids and Colgate Zero and is void in the other dental pastes. Conclusion. The Blendax Kids and Blendy Cool pastes in 1:2 solution have greater effectiveness, under laboratory conditions compared to the other dilutions and brands of the study, it was also demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference between the inhibitory values ​​shown between the evaluated pastes (p= 0.001) and there is no compensation between the inhibitory effect and the fluorine concentration. General area of ​​study: Dentistry. Specific area of ​​study: Pediatric dentistry, microbiology. Type of study: Original Article.

Introduction. Intestinal infections caused by Rotavirus, Adenovirus and parasites are one of the health problems that most affect children under 6 years of age, causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objective. To know the prevalence of Rotavirus, Adenovirus and enteroparasites in children from the Ecuadorian Andes. Methodology.  The research was quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, analytical, field, prospective and cross-sectional. The sample size was determined by applying the finite population formula, probabilistic sampling was carried out. 386 samples were collected from pediatric patients between 6 months and 6 years of age. For the detection of Rotavius ​​and Adenovirus, the Simple Rota-Adeno chromatographic immunoassay (Operon®) was used. Fecal samples were analyzed by macroscopic and microscopic examination with physiological saline/iodine solution. Results. Viral antigens were detected in 128/386 (33.16%) stool samples. The prevalence of Rotavirus (22.28%) was higher than that of Adenovirus (10.88%) (X2= 18.131 p<0.0001). The rate of Rotavirus antigens was higher for children between 6 months and 3 years (44.06%) than that detected in children between 4 and 6 years (21.20%) (X2= 22.710 p<0.0001), . Furthermore, total parasitism reached 88.60%, protozoa (88.60%) (X2=651.826 p<0.0001), with Entamoeba coli being the predominant parasite (43.78%) (X2= 481.088 p<0. 0001), followed by Blastocystis sp. (36.53%). The prevalence of parasites of recognized pathogenicity such as Giardia duodenalis (14.77%), Ascaris lumbricoides and Hymenolepis nana (0.52%) stands out. Conclusion.  The prevalence of viral agents and enteroparasites in the pediatric population analyzed is considerable; Rotavirus was the most common pathogen in younger children. The discovery of the same viral agents and parasitic species detected forces us to review public health policies aimed at reducing the frequency of diarrheal diseases caused by these viruses and intestinal parasites in our child population.

Introduction. As progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, we have also seen the development and application of various laboratory diagnostic techniques. Objective. To evaluate the main analysis techniques used in clinical laboratories regarding laboratory diagnosis for IR with the purpose of providing a comprehensive overview of the current state on this topic. Methodology. The research was characterized by being a bibliographic review with a descriptive approach, documentary and non-experimental design, cross-sectional cohort with a retrospective approach. To carry out this review, digital articles were accessed through various databases, such as Pub-Med, Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge and Ciencia Digital, among others. 58 scientific articles were reviewed, and 17 articles were selected through the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Several diagnostic methods are available, including fasting glucose measurement and glucose tolerance testing. Additionally, assessment of biomarkers, such as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and serum insulin, can provide valuable information. However, it is important to note that the accuracy of these methods may be affected by several factors, including biological variability and concurrent medical conditions. Conclusion. The individual results of the laboratory tests are difficult to interpret, so it is necessary to know and record the basic clinical characteristics calculated from the weight, height and abdominal circumference index of the subjects evaluated to relate them to the biochemical variables. such as basal glucose and insulin and triglycerides, which will allow the HOMA-IR index to be calculated as well as the triglycerides/glucose index, information that generates the main tests for the diagnosis of insulin resistance.

Introduction. Hyperinsulinemia is a condition in which the body generates more insulin than normal, causing problems in glucose regulation, therefore, it is associated with cardiovascular risk, since it promotes factors such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diseases such as diabetes. Objective. Investigate updated information on hyperinsulinemia as a triggering factor for the development of cardiovascular risks in adults. Methodology. It is a study with a qualitative, descriptive, documentary and non-experimental, cross-sectional, retrospective cohort approach, where 55 scientific articles were reviewed and 23 articles were selected through the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The information was obtained from important databases such as Scielo, Google Scholar, Dialnet, Medigraphic, Elsevier, LILACS, Science Direct. Results. The research identified multiple risk factors, such as age, sex, genetic predisposition, smoking, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, lack of physical activity, overnutrition and obesity. The studies reviewed highlighted the importance of dyslipidemia and high blood pressure as cardiovascular risk factors significant. The crucial relevance of hyperinsulinemia in the development of conditions such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases is recognized.Conclusion. The information collected from scientific sources highlighted the cardiovascular risk factors related to the presence of hyperinsulinemia in adults with insulin resistance. These factors include age, sex, genetic predisposition, smoking, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, lack of physical activity, overnutrition and obesity. Dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension stood out in the studies reviewed. Therefore, it is important to recognize that hyperinsulinemia plays a fundamental role in the development of conditions such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. To reduce the risk of these diseases, it is essential to implement changes in your diet, avoid overeating, and engage in regular physical exercise.

Introduction. Tendinopathy is a common clinical problem and carries a significant disease burden, not only in terms of healthcare costs, but also directly for patients due to time off work and impact on quality of life. Tendinopathy is a multifactorial spectrum of tendon disorders affecting different anatomical sites and characterized by activity-related tendon pain; Among them, rotator cuff tendinopathy as a common recurrent cause of shoulder pain in athletes and the aging population. Objective. The purpose of this paper is to describe the factors associated with rotator cuff tendinopathy, as well as the different physiotherapeutic treatment alternatives. Methodology. This research work is documentary, retrospective and descriptive based on the search for literature in online databases, according to the items proposed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), which include identification, selection and inclusion of the consulted literature. Results. The search allowed the consultation of scientific articles obtained from eight online databases, published between 2015-2023. The studies analyzed describe multiple factors associated with tendinopathy in general and that of the rotator cuff specifically, as well as the different treatment options available. Conclusion. The bibliographic material consulted allowed us to establish that rotator cuff tendinopathy is the most frequent pathology in the shoulder and a common recurrent cause of pain, where extrinsic and intrinsic factors play an important role for its development and establishment. This situation has generated the development of multiple treatment alternatives, among which are conservative treatments, known and applied in physiotherapy; however, the incomplete understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the tendon hinders the development of specific therapies that definitively support its efficacy.

The study presented had the objective of identifying, measuring and evaluating ergonomic risks and suggesting preventive measures to mitigate them, due to the specificity of the experimental unit, there are a total of 16 officials from the Planning Department of the Municipal GAD of Guano Canton, The study population consisted of a non-probabilistic sample. The instruments used were the OWAS, REBA and Nordic questionnaires, related to postural physical effort in the workplace, by observing 25 min of specific non-cyclical tasks, their musculature was assessed globally. In the second method, the upper and lower extremities are grouped by analyzing the postural stress assumed during work. This method determines the action level to plan timely corrections. The applied Nordic questionnaire determines and analyzes the musculoskeletal symptoms and allows considering the degree of ergonomic risk. The results showed that the ergonomic risks for the administrative staff were not related to physical effort (p=0.604), but to factors of forced, repetitive and prolonged postures during working hours (p=0.05; p=0.029). Ergonomic risk is an important factor influencing the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) symptoms, suggesting improvements in the work environment, which constitutes physical and mental health and personal development.

Introduction. The covert administration of a chemical substance to a subject in order to lead his or her will to commit a crime is called chemical submission. Today, this social problem has high numbers on a planetary scale; in Ecuador, chemical submission is the main facilitator for the execution of sexual crimes. Objective. To determine the incidence of chemical submission in sexual crimes in the province of Chimborazo, in the period May-October 2020. Methodology. The present documentary research assumed a qualitative approach. In order to approach this criminological phenomenon, an analysis and description of the cases reported in the Toxicology Laboratory of the National Service of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of the province of Chimborazo was carried out. Results. Ethyl alcohol was identified as the main substance leading to these crimes, as well as benzodiazepines and hypnotics, amphetamines and methamphetamines, cocaine, cannabinoids, GHB, scopolamine or burundanga, LSD, ketamine, amyl nitrite, tricyclic derivatives and nicotinic compounds used separately or mixed with alcohol to increase the effects when administered. In addition, the female gender was identified as the group most exposed to this type of violence. Conclusions. The problem of sexual crimes by chemical submission is difficult to eliminate, so self-protection becomes a way to avoid becoming a victim, as well as controlling the consumption of alcoholic beverages and not trusting unknown subjects. General area of study: Health. Specific area of study: Type of study: Original article.

Introduction. Work activity is determined by alterations conditioned by stress, exhaustion or by the positions adopted daily in this context. Objective. To determine the most frequent occupational diseases that occur in dentists in the Chambo-Riobamba District, 2019. Methodology. The field, descriptive, observational and cross-sectional research applied a survey to 53 professionals in the dental area; the resulting data were processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical program. Results. The occupational diseases with the highest frequency corresponded to the psychosocial risk classification with 64%, such as emotional irritability, ergonomic risks (62%), carpal tunnel syndrome and chemical risks (58%), and hypersensitivity to latex. These data are related to work organization, time and breaks, excessive and repetitive use of vibrating instruments, forced hand position, and handling of chemical and biological materials. Conclusion. The most frequent occupational diseases in dental professionals of the Chambo-Riobamba District were: emotional irritability, carpal tunnel syndrome and hypersensitivity to glove latex. General area of study: Health. Specific area of study: Occupational health. Type of study: Original article

Introduction. - Fournier's syndrome is an acute, infrequent, highly lethal infection of the perineum that causes synergistic necrotizing fasciitis of the perirectal, perineal and genital regions; causing thrombosis of the subcutaneous vessels and culminating in necrosis of the overlying skin. Treatment consists of hemodynamically stabilizing the patient, broad-spectrum antibiotics and emergency surgery performing necrotic tissue resection, drainage of purulent secretion, fecal diversion by colostomy and reconstruction of the affected area. Objective. - To seek new alternatives for the clinical and surgical treatment of these cases. Methodology. - Based on a clinical case, 39 classic bibliographies and the most up-to-date on the subject have been reviewed.  Results. - Timely treatment seeks to reduce toxicity at the systemic level, controlling the progression of necrosis to the different layers of tissue through debridement, bypass colostomy, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and hyperbaric therapy. Conclusions. - The treatment as reviewed must be multidisciplinary, in the case reviewed the steps taken were adequate, hence its good evolution.

Introduction. Palliative care includes different physical therapy techniques that help relieve physical and emotional symptoms to improve patients' daily functioning. This type of care involves progressive diseases such as brain metastases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, motor neurone disease, and multiple sclerosis. In Ecuador, palliative care is important due to the increase in diseases that require specialized care; cancer is the main cause of death in the country, which indicates the need for greater attention to palliative care. It is estimated that only 3% of people who need palliative care in Ecuador receive adequate care. Objective. The objective of this study was to analyze physiotherapy interventions in palliative care through a critical analysis based on scientific articles from the last five years to identify the different techniques used in patients in palliative care. Methodology. An extensive bibliographic search was conducted in databases such as SciELO, Google Scholar, Scopus, ProQuest, Cengage, E-libros, Proqueste-bookcentral, etc. to determine the state of the art on the topic studied. A total of 120 manuscripts in Spanish, English and Portuguese, of which the content of 65 was considered, constituted the sample, main keywords: nursing, palliative care, bioethics, 46 scientific articles published in journals indexed in regional databases and global. , for the period 2014-2018 and 2018, there are pages related to official national and international documents in physical and electronic format, practical guides, manuals, works obtained from institutional repositories, laws and statistics related to the topic studied. Results. The studies reviewed demonstrated that a variety of interventions such as reflexology, massage, structured body training, graded cognitive and movement therapies, personalized physical therapy plans, TENS, CGA-based therapies, and standard care can improve patients' life functioning and alleviate pain. symptoms of fatigue and pain. Have a chronic illness. Conclusion. Physiotherapy plays an inherent role in the multidisciplinary palliative care team in Primary Health Care, improving the life function of patients who are considered to require physical and functional dimensions of care. General Area of Study: Health and Wellness. Specific area of study: physiotherapy. Type of study: original article.

Introduction. The vestibular system is responsible for transmitting gravity, as well as movement, posture and stability; The damage to it can lead to various complications, one of the most harmful for the elderly are falls or traumatic accidents, which are detrimental to physical and mental well-being. be of this population Physical health. Vestibular rehabilitation offers unlimited benefits for restoring function affected by these problems and includes a variety of techniques to modify and restore the function of the vestibular system. Objective.  The general objective of this study is to determine how physiotherapeutic intervention in the rehabilitation of the vestibular system contributes to the prevention of falls through a literature review.  Methodology.  This study is a review of the literature that reveals the contribution of vestibular rehabilitation in the prevention of falls in older adults; This research work highlights the importance of the use of this therapy in affected populations. Information was collected from various databases such as: PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library, SciELO and ScienceDirect; from where 103 articles were obtained from which 35 articles published worldwide were selected for this research, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was applied to evaluate the methodological validation of the articles that were selected. Results. Research shows that physiotherapeutic intervention with Vestibular Rehabilitation methods helps prevent or prevent the elderly from suffering a fall; This technique helps the patient regain confidence and can walk without difficulty, facilitating reintegration into their social circle. Conclusion.  With this review of the literature, it was determined: how physiotherapeutic intervention in vestibular rehabilitation can contribute to the prevention of falls, since motor, ocular and vestibular exercises are included, achieving adaptation through habituation and are beneficial for their activation of receptors, peripherally balanced. Novel strategies were employed to replace diminished vestibular function, thereby restoring static stability by improving the cervical oculomotor reflex. General Area of Study: Health and Wellness. Specific area of study: physiotherapy. Type of study: original article.

Introduction. Gender violence is evidenced as a normalized problem in different social contexts due to cultural patterns originated from the inequality between men and women. In order to evaluate the level of harm to a person due to continuous exposure to situations of violence, it is necessary to have reliable and valid psychological tools to determine the type of violence experienced and the level of affectation. Thus, it resorts to the science of psychometrics, which is responsible for the construction, validation and adaptation of psychological batteries that allow measuring behaviors, based on statistical procedures to determine whether a test can be applied in different populations. Objective. To evaluate the psychometric properties of psychological tests in cases of gender violence. Methodology. A mixed approach, literature review, documentary, descriptive level and cross-sectional design was used. To obtain relevant information about psychological evaluations in cases of gender violence, the following digital databases were explored: Dialnet, Google Scholar, Scielo, Scopus, ProQuest, using the keywords: "gender violence", "psychological evaluations", "violence against women", "violence against men". Results. The most frequently used instruments were the Dating Violence Questionnaire-R (DVQ-R) and the Dating Violence Questionnaire (CUVINO). Conclusions. We conclude the effectiveness of the instruments based on the criteria of confidence and validity. In addition, the Cuvino, DVQ-R, Digital Violence Questionnaire (DVQ), Prediction Scale of Risk of Serious Violence against the partner (EPV-R) and Rating Scale of Risk of Violence against Women (VRVG-M) prove their effectiveness for the evaluation of problems related to cases of gender violence, by recognizing aspects such as victimization, perceived violence and risk perception, to then adopt protection measures for the victims without distinction of gender. General area of study: Clinical Psychology. Specific area of study: Clinical Psychology. Type of study: Bibliographic review

Introduction. Survivors of stroke experience sequelae such as decline in motor skills and cognitive impairment, leading to loss of independence and impaired quality of life. Therefore, it is important to consider physical exercise and cognitive stimulation as fundamental pillars within the rehabilitation process. Objective. To expose the generalities of stroke and the influence of physical exercise and cognitive stimulation. Methodology. A narrative review of the literature was carried out, in the first instance a search was made in the databases Scopus (143), Web of Science (58) and Pubmed (2945), from which a total of 3146 articles were found; of these a first selection was made by title with the keywords "physical activity or physical exercise and cognitive rehabilitation and cerebrovascular accident or stroke", 154 eligible articles were found; subsequently the selection was made by abstract of each article, with which 47 were accepted to carry out this study. Results and Conclusion: Physical exercise of any kind reduces limitations and benefits cardiorespiratory health, improves cognitive performance, recovers gait and functionality of the affected upper and lower limbs; cognitive stimulation promotes new synaptic connections in the brain to recover neuroplasticity and thus enhance brain function; so that these rehabilitation methods work reciprocally and reflect better performance when developed together giving guarantees of maintaining their functionality and independence in the long term. General study area: Physiotherapy. Specific study area: Physical activity. Type of study: Original articles.

Introduction- Pain in the cervical area, also known as cervicalgia, has become one of the main musculoskeletal pathologies that affects society, its greatest incidence is directly related to professions that require certain prolonged postures, in addition to overload of stress; basically, affecting all age groups and social strata in all occupations. Charriere exercises are used to treat painful problems in various regions of the spine, helping to correct posture and re-educate the position of the head and neck, thus contributing to improving the range of motion. Objective- To analise the benefits of the Charriere Method for the application of physical therapy in mechanical neck pain and the reduction of pain, restoring joint and muscle function in adult patients. Methodology- Applicative Research: using Charriere's exercises. Quantitative: obtains results regarding the evaluation scales by measuring pain using the visual analog pain scale. Qualitative: it can be evidenced in the clinical histories and progress sheets in which the data are described. Field: the investigation was carried out at the scene of the events, physical therapy, and rehabilitation area of ​​the Military Basic Hospital 11 BCBG “Riobamba”. Documentary: bibliographic information is obtained which consists of expanding, deepening, and knowing the criteria of different authors. Transversal: because it has a certain period. Inductive Method: because the complications were analyzed in such a way. Deductive Method: because the results obtained could be analyzed and interpreted. Results- 25 patients represent 100% of those treated in the physical rehabilitation area of ​​the Basic Military Hospital No. 11 - BCB “Galapagos”, the frequency is much higher in patients between 30 and 34 years old, representing 60%. Conclusions. - It is concluded that aerobic exercises in the physiotherapy treatment of hypertensive adults have a significant impact not only on reducing blood pressure but also on other factors that influence reducing stress, anxiety and improving sleep, thus helping the patient. to lead a better quality of life. Keywords: Rehabilitation, Charriere concept, mechanical cervical pain, adult. General Study Area: Health and Wellness. Specific area of ​​study: physical therapy. Study type: original article

Introduction. Teenage pregnancy is one that occurs between 10-19 years of age, it has been studied for its impact on maternal and neonatal health. Early pregnancy is associated with risk factors for the newborn and the mother; In developing countries, iron deficiency anemia is common during prepartum. Objective. Determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant adolescents treated at the Riobamba Provincial General Teaching Hospital, diagnosed through laboratory tests such as hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte indices. Methodology. The research is documentary, descriptive, transversal, retrospective. The population was made up of pregnant adolescents treated at the Hospital; adolescents without associated diseases were selected. The sample included 158 stories of pregnant mothers, in which (hemoglobin, hematocrit, hematimetric indices and diagnosis of anemia) were identified, to determine the prevalence of anemia. Results. Of the 158 story records: 18 correspond to exams from the first quarter, 32 from the second quarter and 108 from the third quarter. It is evident that 22 patients presented a decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin values, which correspond to anemia. The average hematocrit results were 38.78% in the first trimester; 36.37% in the second quarter and 39.28% in the third quarter. The average hemoglobin values ​​correspond to 12.73 g/dl; 12.04 g/dl, and 13.02 g/dl in the first, second and third trimester, respectively. Conclusion.  The prevalence of anemia in pregnant adolescents treated at the Provincial General Teaching Hospital of Riobamba was 18%; however, not all adolescents who presented variations in hematocrit and hemoglobin values ​​were prescribed anemia according to the documentary review of the clinical histories, evidencing shortcomings in the application of what is described in the Clinical Practice Guide for the diagnosis and treatment of anemia in pregnancy of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador.

Introduction: Humanized care is an activity that concerns all health professionals. In Nursing, more effort, time and dedication is allocated to the care of the elderly focused on the following dimensions: one immersed in culture, with its individual and collective practices; the other, in morality, helping the person find meaning in the illness or suffering. Objetive: Foundation the nursing role in the humanized care of the geriatric patient. Methodology: In this study, a bibliographic and documented review was carried out in which 110 databases were reviewed and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a sample of 30 bibliographic sources was obtained, used for the triangulation process. Results: The nursing role has great importance in the care of the geriatric patient to meet the cultural and spiritual needs of each older adult and provide a humanized care environment. The level of knowledge of nursing staff that involves understanding and taking into account the specific cultural beliefs, values ​​and practices of each individual, family and community is essential to guarantee quality care. This could involve investigating the barriers and challenges that nurses face when integrating multiple pathologies in the geriatric patient into their practice and developing recommendations or strategies to overcome these barriers. Conclusion. Nursing staff must incorporate communication skills to recognize and understand the patient and thus establish interventions that have an effective impact on the care of the elderly. For this, it is necessary to provide humanized care so that they are treated in a multidimensional manner, encompassing their body, mind. and soul.

Introduction. Currently, molecular markers are of great importance as a diagnostic tool in different oncological pathologies such as malignant thyroid cancer. Aim. The present work aims to describe molecular markers for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Methodology. The study is documentary, descriptive, transversal, retrospective. The population was made up of 2,893 scientific documents, from which a sample of 26 documents was extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. The disease in question is recognized as one of the least common thyroid conditions since it only makes up 4 - 6.5%, a range within which various types can be found such as papillary, follicular and anaplastic. Despite the low percentage of thyroid cancer for several years, its diagnosis has included various unnecessary surgical interventions, so in the main molecular markers, specifically the BRAFV600E gene, considered the most common with 40 - 80% of mutations in papillary cancer . thyroid; The RAS gene is less influential in thyroid cancer with 6% to 20%, with a greater presence in follicular type cancer and an incidence of 28% to 50%; and to a lesser extent the RET and TER gene is present. Conclusion. Finally, we seek to demonstrate that the validity of these molecular markers in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer is broad, especially in the search for less invasive alternatives and at the same time recognize the levels of sensitivity and specificity that they present. General study area: Clinical Laboratory. Specific study area: Molecular Biology. Type of study: Original Article

Introduction.  Personality is a frequent topic of study both because of the intrinsic interest it generates and because of the diversity of theories that have supported its development and attempted to explain its behavior. Objective.  These differences between personality traits manifest themselves in different intensity from subject to subject, as well as between sexes and determine the proportion existing in university students. Methodology. The age group on which this research focuses generates another factor that captivates due to the particularities of its condition, the emerging age is the beginning of what is considered an established personality, the personality traits being more or less stable. In order to have a representative group, 745 volunteers participated, 293 men and 452 women belonging to two higher education institutions. Non-probabilistic snowball sampling was used to determine the population; The instrument used to collect the information was the SEAPsI inventory. Results.  The results of the study show that the cognitive personality presents a percentage of 43.49%, the affective personality 37.58%, the personality with relational deficit 12.21% and the behavioral personality 6.71%; A greater presence of affective personality is also identified in the youngest of the group that corresponds to the ages of 18 to 20 years. The dependency analysis between age variables and personality types (X2= 177.35: p < .05). The results regarding sex and type of personality indicate that 25.4% of the population that has an affective personality are women, outnumbering men in a proportion of 2 to 1, while the personality that men stand out most is cognitive type with 18.8%, there being a difference of 5.9% compared to women who surpass them with 24.7%, the significance relationship between these variables is (X2= 24,546: p < .05). Conclusion.  Personality could be used as a predictor of behavior in university students, interpersonal relationships, problem solving, competitive attitude, ability to achieve; A two to one relationship was determined where women are the majority in relation to men and they present an affective personality, while men present a cognitive personality. General Study Area: Psychology. Specific area of ​​study: Personality theories. Study type: Original articles

Photoprotection, a barrier or measure to avoid skin problems, is related to the use of sunscreen or protective clothing. The research determined the knowledge about photoprotection in taxi drivers from the city of Riobamba, Ecuador. Based on a bibliographic, descriptive and analytical field study, a survey was applied using Microsoft Forms for Office 365, adapted from Ramos et al. (2016), to 398 taxi drivers – men and women – belonging to various cooperatives, who voluntarily accepted 94% of the socialization of results. 55% were identified between the ages of 20 and 39, with a predominance of the male gender (85%); 83% claimed to have knowledge about photoprotection. However, when evaluating protection habits, only 47% reported using sunscreen, 65% only on sunny days, 61% put it on before exposing themselves to the sun and 40% to avoid sunburn; 86% considered training on photoprotection issues necessary to avoid photoaging.

Introduction. Lumbosciatica, a painful condition that affects the lumbar region, is recognized by the WHO as a global health problem. It is classified as acute, subacute, and chronic, impacting the quality of life of patients. The excursion of the sciatic nerve, linked to neurobiomechanics, influences the appearance of radicular pain. Objetive. To analyze the sequence of movements of the lower extremities to evoke radicular pain in people with lumbosciatica, considering the neurobiomechanics and diagnostic accuracy of the tests. Methodology. A systematic review was conducted on the neurobiomechanics of the sciatic nerve during lower extremity movements and diagnostic accuracy in cases of radicular pain. Results. 132 studies were examined, with 6 selected for review. Conclusion. The study highlights the influence of the sequence of movements on radicular pain, especially with dorsiflexion. Tests such as Slump and others are useful in evaluating lumbosacral injuries and it is recommended that additional movements be explored in future research.

Introduction.  The research was a systematic review of the published scientific literature on scales that assess disability in musculoskeletal pathology of the upper limb. Objective.  The objective of this review was to analyze the scales of functionality and disability assessment for the upper limb in the elderly. Methodology.  The identification, analysis, and elaboration of results followed the methodological process according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses statement. The search strategy was based on a maximum of 2 combinations for each scale: "scale name" and a combination of Boolean terms "body region", in the scientific databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus in the English language. A total of 61 studies were included, distributed among the following scales: Shoulder and pain disability index, simple shoulder test, and Constant-Murley score. American shoulder and elbow surgeons, Oxford shoulder score, the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand. Results.  The instruments analyzed have been validated and used in upper limb pathology in the older adult population in different clinical approaches. considering surgical and/or conservative treatments. Conclusion.  The instruments that have been validated and used in musculoskeletal pathology of the upper limbs are also useful in older adults, considering the incidence of injuries in this population. All scales were used in rotator cuff injuries, however, their applicability.