Primers used in the identification of Human Papillomavirus by PCR: a review

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains one of the most common infections in the human population. This virus has approximately 200 different genotypes, which are classified in terms of their oncogenic capacity into high and low risk. The identification of these genotypes has been carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, which requires the use of specific primers to guarantee accurate results. Methodology. A qualitative approach was applied, with a descriptive scope and a transversal theoretical-documentary design, since the updated literature extracted from scientific articles related to the research topic was analyzed and synthesized, which allowed the research to be deepened and the objectives met. raised. Several recently published articles that refer to the initiators used were reviewed. Results. Shown are 17 useful primers for high-risk variants 17 and 15 for variants 18, as well as other variants. Different aspects to highlight in its analysis are presented in an organized manner, as well as characteristics to take into account for its design. In addition, sequence analysis tools, guidelines and required parameters to consider to ensure a good PCR reaction are mentioned. It is very convenient to take into account the taxonomic classification and structure of HPV that allows us to understand the use of a primer for a certain gene of the virus. When needing to use a certain primer, it is suggested to take into account the most convenient ones according to the values obtained by the bioinformatics tools and the authors who tested and published PCR detection sequences. Conclusion Shown are 17 useful primers for high-risk variants 16 and 15 for variants 18, plus 8 for other types. In addition, parameters for each one are shown that allow you to have criteria to decide your selection.