Diagnosis of anemia in pregnant adolescents treated at the Hospital Provincial General Docente Riobamba through the use of hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte indices

Abstract

Introduction. Teenage pregnancy is one that occurs between 10-19 years of age, it has been studied for its impact on maternal and neonatal health. Early pregnancy is associated with risk factors for the newborn and the mother; In developing countries, iron deficiency anemia is common during prepartum. Objective. Determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant adolescents treated at the Riobamba Provincial General Teaching Hospital, diagnosed through laboratory tests such as hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte indices. Methodology. The research is documentary, descriptive, transversal, retrospective. The population was made up of pregnant adolescents treated at the Hospital; adolescents without associated diseases were selected. The sample included 158 stories of pregnant mothers, in which (hemoglobin, hematocrit, hematimetric indices and diagnosis of anemia) were identified, to determine the prevalence of anemia. Results. Of the 158 story records: 18 correspond to exams from the first quarter, 32 from the second quarter and 108 from the third quarter. It is evident that 22 patients presented a decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin values, which correspond to anemia. The average hematocrit results were 38.78% in the first trimester; 36.37% in the second quarter and 39.28% in the third quarter. The average hemoglobin values ​​correspond to 12.73 g/dl; 12.04 g/dl, and 13.02 g/dl in the first, second and third trimester, respectively. Conclusion.  The prevalence of anemia in pregnant adolescents treated at the Provincial General Teaching Hospital of Riobamba was 18%; however, not all adolescents who presented variations in hematocrit and hemoglobin values ​​were prescribed anemia according to the documentary review of the clinical histories, evidencing shortcomings in the application of what is described in the Clinical Practice Guide for the diagnosis and treatment of anemia in pregnancy of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador.