The article aims to analyze applications of phytoremediation techniques in soils contaminated with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), to select a potential vegetal specie that, planted in degraded soils, allows the absorption of the mentioned metals. For this, concepts such as bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were applied to phytoremediation processes. In the development of the research, the characteristics of the soil, type of compost or organic amendment, methodology and data evaluation were presented; of the phytoremediation processes through the vegetal species Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Corn, Pennisetum Setaceum and Tradescantia Pallida; planted in different types of soil. Once the data was evaluated, it was analyzed with the species Lolium Perenne, Corn and Tradescantia Pallida, since they presented the best properties. As a result of the application of phytoremediation techniques in the three species, it is obtained that the Tradescantia pallida plant has values of total concentration of Pb of 330,9 mg/kg and Cd 21,23 mg/kg, FBCroot of 0,92 and FT of 0,53 for Pb, FBCroot of 22,1 and FT of 0,2 for Cd; achieved the best properties to retain Pb and Cd by the phytostabilization technique, compared to corn plants and Tradescantia pallida. The vegetal specie Tradescantia pallida, although it was sown in an anthropogenic soil with a high content of contamination, since it was an old open-air garbage dump, it accumulated values of Pb concentration in the aerial part of 114,1 mg/ kg and Cd in the root of 17,03 mg/kg, which in comparison with the other vegetal species investigated, have a better concentration of metals, therefore, it can be selected for the remediation of soils contaminated with Pb and Cd.

Introduction. Social inequalities and climate change influence people's perception of society and the situation of the planet, generating a change of attitude oriented towards the rational use of resources, healthy eating and respect for the environment, which leads to Fair Trade. In this context, the Escuela Superior Polytechnical del Chimborazo (ESPOCH) proposes a plan to position itself as a Latin American Fair-Trade Polytechnic, establishing several strategic fronts considered from holistic marketing, brand design and ICTs, as tools for behavior modeling of consumers. Objective. Search for alternative solutions to the problem of creating a market for FT products with the potential use of holistic marketing, proposing alternative solutions to socioeconomic and environmental problems for sustainable development. Methodology. It is based on a bibliographic analysis that reveals the controversial essence of holistic marketing, and determines the mechanisms to apply it to the management of promotion and sales of Fair-Trade products in conjunction with the design and dissemination of the brand in social networks using ICT tools. Results. In a survey of 2,208 polytechnic students, consumer behavior is explored and strategies are determined to position the brand of ESPOCH, Latin American Fair-Trade Polytechnic. Conclusions. The research proposes the use of holistic marketing in symbiosis with the design of the brand and promotion in social networks, as tools for the improvement of consumption criteria, and to have the necessary inputs to develop a correct training program.

Introduction. Universal accessibility policies related to persons with disabilities in Ecuador institute an issue of complex characteristics, the detriment of the application of universal accessibility standards as a tactic of inclusion of persons with disabilities at the national level, produces that the services offered are weak and conditioned. Objective. To implement an inclusive development strategy based on the environment and the community. Methodology. Bibliographic research with a qualitative approach was used, where three cities in the country whose spaces have characteristics of risk and exclusion were selected as a sample. Results. Among the results obtained, it is found that there is a wide margin of ignorance of the terminology related to inclusive environments such as universal accessibility. Conclusion. It was concluded that, despite the existence of universal accessibility regulations, there are several factors that make its application impossible, resulting in disabling cities throughout the country.

Introduction. In most universities, one of the most complex problems is planning the activities of their administrative and teaching staff, in addition to the monitoring and control that must be exercised to achieve good management in these areas. Objective. Analyze strategic planning in teaching management of Ecuadorian higher education institutions. Methodology. The methodology used was based on a non-experimental design with a cross-sectional scope. Results. The results obtained allowed to establish that there is a direct and high incidence, because the Spearman coefficient was 0.926 with a degree of significance of P value 0.000 < 0.01, concluding that there is an incidence between strategic planning and the quality of teaching management in the institution of higher education. Conclution. The dimensions used in the independent variable such as the prospective, strategic and operational component, made up of the mission, vision, strategic values, preparation of objectives and development of plans and goals, have a direct and significant impact on the quality of the teaching management of the institution.

Introduction. To know if the city of Guayaquil has passed the barrier of being a digital city to an intelligent city, but not only to know what was previously expressed, but also if it happened, when it happened and how it is being done, to analyze its perspectives and challenges, everything this with the purpose of contributing new ideas, critics and conclusions that contribute to the improvement and development of the city. Objective: Analyze if the city of Guayaquil is a digital city or a smart city. Methodology. The methodology applied in this research is bibliographical design with documentary-type characteristics. Results. An intelligent city must be a city that provides ease and internet connection to its citizens, but also be able to improve the quality of life of the population, take care of the environment, reduce social inequality, have digital nerves that are in constant reflection of intelligent responses from its citizens, a city that is sustainable over time, efficient in urban services and with the ability to continuously monitor and improve by taking advantage of technology, especially the internet and its data networks. Conclution. Although the Municipality is developing more than 120 programs and projects for the city, these apparently are not enough, first a consultancy, then it develops programs and projects as part of a strategy and then it is executing or implementing them little by little, where technological changes are so fast that they leave without effect any finished program even proposed in a short time; In this sense, the support of the citizens themselves is required from platforms that proactively invite or encourage participation, quickly, almost instantaneously or immediately, without leaving any part of the city or social group isolated or disconnected.

Introduction. Humanity has been changing and in recent decades this change has been accelerated, which is why education, being one of the activities of human endeavor, has also evolved over time, according to the conditions of humanity. and to those thinkers and tireless fighters who do not conform, seek to renew the educational process that allows a better way of learning and teaching. Objective. Determine how virtual education allows the development of academic quality in the careers of the Bachelor's Degrees in the Faculty of Administrative Sciences. Methodology. A non-experimental methodology was used with a sample made up of 1327 participants between teachers and students from the different careers of the Faculty of Administrative Sciences of the University of Guayaquil. Results. The learning curve that teachers and students had to overcome, the intermittence of the internet service and the crashes of the University's educational system, as well as the need to reinforce cognitive gaps, policies and procedures in this new online modality, were evidenced. Conclution. Educational quality was affected by the educational model since the curricular process underwent profound changes, especially in careers that required a greater practical component; and due to the technological infrastructure that failed to meet the demand both in online technical support and in the proper use of the entire virtual environment.

Introduction. As of the year 2020 when the Covid-19 pandemic begins, technologies have been used as resources for instruction, beginning to be part of this new reality; at the University of Guayaquil various educational innovations have been included using technologies; however, what characteristics of innovative institutions are met? objective. To determine the characteristics of the innovative educational institutions that are fulfilled in the University of Guayaquil, from the perspective of the students of the Literature career of the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Education Sciences. Methodology. A quantitative, descriptive, exploratory, field design, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was carried out. The population was 120 students of Literature from the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Education Sciences. The technique used was the survey, a questionnaire was applied through Google Forms. Results. For 75% of the students, only sometimes do their teachers have the capacity to innovate using ICT; they carry out a constant investigation of new technologies by 40%; they express willingness to change their conceptions, attitudes and practices in 45.83%: they show commitment and willingness to face the challenges imposed in 48.33%; they carry out critical reflection processes in 52.50%; show openness to exchange with other teachers in 79.17%; and, they almost always foster an environment of collaboration and teamwork using ICT, by 85%. Conclution. The characteristics of innovative educational institutions are met only sometimes, with the exception of fostering an environment of collaboration and teamwork using ICT, which is almost always met. The benefits of using ICT as an innovative element in education are varied; however, a teacher training plan is necessary that includes motivation strategies for the use of these.

Aspects that influence the popularity of science in the educational and social spheres have a direct impact on job vacancies in the labor market. From this perspective, the purpose of this article is to analyze the events originating in the academic context, related to the teaching, and learning process, which have a negative influence on the perception of science, and have been disfavoring and conditioning its popularity. The study was conducted under a qualitative orientation, of a descriptive/exploratory type, with a documentary research design, supported by the students' reality, and based on experiences related to the construction of knowledge of science. Some aspects that influence the perception and popularity of the sciences are recognized and studied. In addition, we present recognized events of the proposed topic, such as: first contact, ignorance, disinterest, double vocational effect, minority, and deficits of professionals, all concerning and related to the sciences.

Introduction: cavernomatous malformations are cerebral hamartomas that represent 20% of cerebral vascular malformations, the clinical manifestations are linked to the location of the lesion, these being seizures, headache, focal neurological deficit, in its diagnosis it is done by resonance magnetic in T2 sequence with two characteristic signs, the popcorn sign and the hypointense haemosiderin ring, maintain a complex treatment, this being conservative, surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery. Methodology: Scientific information was acquired from the PubMed search engine of high-impact articles on the topic of interest in English with translation into Spanish in the years 2017 to 2020. Clinical case: A 17-year-old female patient, with a significant history of petit mal seizures for 6 years and a father with a diagnosis of cavernous angioma, currently the patient presents intermittent holocranial headache, throbbing type accompanied by tonic-clonic seizures of approximately 10 minutes duration. 3 occasions per week. MR-type imaging studies were performed, showing lesions of heterogeneous intensity on the T2 sequence with a hypointense ring in the vermis and right cerebellar hemisphere. Conclusion: Cavernomas establish a neurological pathology that encompasses a limitation in the quality of life of patients on the pharmacological treatment of seizures, the appropriate choice of the type of therapy lies in the clinical manifestations and the anatomical occupation of the vascular lesion, improving thus, comorbidities, clinical parameters, and response to pharmacological treatment.

The general objective is to analyze the application of new technologies for primary teaching-learning. The methodology was based on a documentary-type bibliographic design. The implementation of new technologies has been affected in recent years by the effect of COVID-19 where the entire process of using new technologies was slow and underestimated by most educational centers, including primary schools, which have had to assume these changes in the new realities that have arisen in recent years, although it seeks to return to a normality similar to what it was before the pandemic, there are changes that seem irreversible, since social dynamics demand it, Primary school students born into a highly technological generation called centenialls with an Internet content management environment and computers leave formal education unattractive and this represents a danger in the face of this conventional primary education with conservative teaching techniques. Equipment, infrastructure, software updating, are investments that educational centers and regional and national governments need to make. the virtual classroom platforms that already existed at the time of the pandemic were quickly modernized and made known. In this sense, to face this new reality, investigations, updates, endowments were carried out, in order to adapt the programmatic contents of primary education, and at all levels, to the modality of virtual education or e-learning, as it is also known. known.

Introduction. The high school tests represent in Ecuador, a way to establish the different academic skills and aptitudes that the nation's future high school graduates possess, this is of great interest to the nation since it is these high school graduates who will enter the different institutions of higher education of the country, and it is interesting to know the data regarding academic performance. Objective. Evaluate, by means of the Multivariable statistical method, the factors that possibly affect directly and indirectly in the low academic performance in the area of mathematics of the high school test. Methodology. The research is non-experimental, descriptive and analytical. Results. The database provided by the National Institute of Educational Evaluation was filtered, in order to work only with the results of the Duran canton of the year 2020. Conclusion. It is evident that low grades in the area of mathematics are closely related to the type of economic segregation of the applicant and the type of institution in which he studies.

Introduction. Today organizations face constant changes, which in many cases are often detrimental, affecting their profitability, logistics is a term that dates back to ancient times, and that was initially used in the military field. However, over the years this concept has been adapted to the administrative processes of companies, and today it represents a key factor in achieving increased sales, since, through it, organizations focus on achieve the satisfaction of its customers and for this it is necessary that each of the key departments that make up the organization are oriented towards that objective and to be able to achieve financial profitability. Objective Analyze the optimization of logistics processes, as well as their improvement for customer satisfaction. Methodology. The methodology applied in this research is bibliographical design with documentary-type characteristics. Results. Therefore, it is important to ensure logistics processes in terms of purchases, customer service, inventories, storage, transportation and distribution of raw materials and products to be marketed. Conclusion. Logistics is applied through processes, which are implemented in key departments such as: purchases, warehouse and inventories, transportation and customer services, areas that are considered pillars of any organization, since it is these departments that are involved directly with the production and distribution of the products, which represent the main source of income and that the good logistics that are handled, will allow satisfying the needs of the clients.

Introduction. The article analyzes at first the differences between deficiency, disability and handicap, an analysis of the legal framework of Ecuador in terms of disability is presented, it also provides a contextualization of disability in the Ecuadorian environment. The objective of this research is to contextualize the issue of disability in Ecuador through the analysis of various variables in order to understand the progress that has been made in this area and the challenges to be met. Methodology: the research is exploratory and descriptive, based on relationships widely studied in theory to create a conceptual framework that supports the study of the most important variables. The study is cross-sectional, a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) was used. Results: the analyzed variables allow inferring the reality of disability in Ecuador from various angles, some of them being the labor and educational fields. Conclusions: based on the results obtained, it can be concluded at a general level that Ecuador has extensive regulations that seek to guarantee the rights of people with disabilities, but there is still much to be done in terms of inclusion.