Biopolymers have become an indispensable tool for the development of regenerative medicine, their broad spectrum has allowed the emergence of new techniques for the generation of scaffolds of various sizes, shapes, with unique structural characteristics capable of generating and innovating new treatments before catastrophic diseases, its application by all branches of research such as neurology, endocrinology, in the cardiovascular area, for tissue repair or organ donation has produced its application as drug conductors or transporters to achieve a guided release increasing the effectiveness and reducing adverse effects in the case of cancer treatments. The objective of this review is to know the fundamentals of regenerative medicine, the advances produced from the use of biopolymers as a tool capable of developing functional biomaterials, types, synthesis mode and applicability in treatments. This research was carried out from the compilation of scientific articles related to the area of ​​public health and the application of functional scaffolds as therapy. The functionalization of scaffolds lies in the use of biocompatible polymers capable of binding to a substrate in a controlled environment for the development of a cellular matrix, generating the production of a specific tissue according to the target cells that have been investigated, thanks to this the possible rejection of a graft produced with the same cells of the patient allows the appearance of structures such as blood vessels or biocompatible organs. This work recapitulates the importance of the use of biopolymers in medicine, production techniques, their structure, form and most important applications for the treatment against diseases.

La genotipificación molecular de Mycobacterium tuberculosis permite identificar los linajes y sublinajes  circulantes en la población y su relación con los movimientos migratorios. Este artículo de revisión tiene por objetivo describir la filogeografía de Mycobacterium tuberculosis reportada por los países de Sudamérica mediante el uso de técnicas de genotipificación, analizar los puntos críticos de Tuberculosis para la región y determinar el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el programa de control de la Tuberculosis. El linaje Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) perteneciente al linaje Euro-Americano (linaje 4) presenta la mayor prevalencia en Sudamérica y le sigue el sublinaje Beijing, perteneciente al linaje Asia oriental (linaje 2). El sublinaje Beijing considerado de interés mundial por su asociación con la Tuberculosis multirresistente (MDR-TB), se encuentra distribuido casi en su totalidad en Sudamérica, siendo Perú el país con mayor prevalencia de este sublinaje. Por otro lado, se han reportado los sublinajes pertenecientes a: Indo-Oceánico (Linaje 1), India-Asia Oriental (Linaje 3) y África Occidental 2 (Linaje 6) con menor prevalencia en Sudamérica. En la actualidad, Brasil y Perú son los puntos calientes de la Tuberculosis y la TB-MDR en Sudamérica, donde el control de la Tuberculosis se vio totalmente afectado por la pandemia de COVID-19. Por lo tanto, ha habido impactos significativos en los programas de vigilancia y contención de la Tuberculosis, dando como resultado diferentes escenarios post-pandémicos, de tal manera que las contribuciones científicas deberán ser evaluadas e implementadas con nuevas estrategias de prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y control de la Tuberculosis.

Introduction. Sinus elevation is a predictable surgical procedure performed in order to vertically increase the amount of bone in the posterior region of the maxilla for implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation. Objective: Characterize patients with alveolar atrophy in the oral implantology treatment of the posterior maxilla after elevation of the floor of the maxillary sinus. Methodology: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation was carried out in the Maxillofacial Surgery service, Hospital “Faustino Pérez” in Matanzas, between October 2017-September 2019. The universe was made up of all the patients with posterior alveolar atrophy; a sample of 38 patients was taken.

Introduction: Cerebrovascular diseases are a global health problem, they are the first cause of disability in adults and the second cause of dementia. In Cuba, cerebrovascular accidents are the third leading cause of death for all ages. Cerebrovascular disease is the main cause of the appearance of the hemiplegic syndrome. Rehabilitation must begin early and in a coordinated way and must be maintained during the different phases of health care. After the acute phase, home rehabilitation represents an opportunity of improvement for patients with residual disability. Objective: To evaluate the neurological and functional recovery in hemiplegic patients with cerebrovascular disease after home-based rehabilitation. Methodology: An intervention study was carried out in patients with a diagnosis of hemiplegia who attended the ¨José Jacinto Milanés¨ Rehabilitation Service in the period from January 2018 to January 2019. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample was constituted by 26 patients with whom we conducted the study after establishing informed consent. A program of individualized therapeutic physical exercises was designed at each patient´s home, for eight weeks, carried out by the physiotherapists and supported by the family. Results: The male sex and the ages of 60 to 69 years predominated. Arterial Hypertension was the most frequent risk factor. At the end of treatment, 84, 61% of the patients had a mild neurological condition and 46, 15% had a mild hypertonia and were independent. Conclusions: With home-based rehabilitative treatment, improvement can be achieved regarding neurological status, spasticity, and dependence on activities of daily living in hemiplegic patients due to cerebrovascular disease. 

Background: The Cracked Tooth Syndrome has increased its incidence worldwide and constitutes a fundamental diagnostic challenge in dental clinical practice. In Cuba it is not included in the current classification of dental trauma, so it is not diagnosed or treated. Objective: to describe the Cracked Tooth Syndrome, as a frequent stomatological entity. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out taking into account the scientific literature in Spanish and English, including all original research articles, review articles and case reports, using the Scielo, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Around 63 articles were identified, of which 54 were selected according to the academic criteria of the Cuban Stomatological School, of which 50% were updated. The information was analyzed and integrated. Results: Topographically, the teeth of the posterior sector were the most affected. It mainly affects adults in the age range of 30 to 60 years; while sex is not a determining variable in its incidence. Its essential cause is the incomplete vertical fracture or fissure in the dentin, which are not usually shown on the x-ray. Conclusions: It was concluded that despite the fact that this syndrome is a common and well-documented clinical entity in several countries as one of the traumatic conditions that can evolve into pulp necrosis, in Cuba, there is no protocol that regulates its identification.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury secondary to gunshot wounds (HPAF) is a critical situation. The projectile of a firearm can penetrate the body through any region, causing lesions of varied morphology due to multiple factors. The place of entry of the projectile (orifice) may have small diameters, which escapes the observation of the attending physician, in these circumstances radiological techniques are essential as a diagnosis and a preliminary step to the judicial autopsy. Methodology: A review and analysis of the bibliography on Traumatic brain injury caused by firearms was carried out, it was possible to identify orifices or entry wounds through natural orifices or other regions of the body, not because of unusual locations as in this case, being necessary to carry out tomographic studies to locate the projectile, which allowed to have it as a reference in future cases.  Conclusions: The victim presented injuries, with severe head trauma. The tomography showed the presence of an intracerebral foreign body, similar to a projectile. The wound consisted of an atypical entrance orifice, in an unusual anatomical region, and a trajectory. At necropsy, the bullet was removed. The ballistics analysis revealed that it was a 22 caliber, of non-industrial manufacture, used in an atypical and improvised weapon. The intracranial injuries were severe, which by a direct mechanism caused the death of the injured person. The case was closed as a homicide.

Background: Among the school predisposing factors for scoliosis and back pain is the way the school material is loaded and its weight. It is frequently observed that schoolchildren carry backpacks in an inappropriate way, due to the size, weight, way of carrying them that motivates an inadequate posture and gait and even back pain, constituting a problem with an impact on school health. Objective: Know how to load school supplies and show the inappropriate use of the backpack. Make a proposal for intervention in Polytechnic Institutes (IP) of the municipality of Cárdenas. Methods: An observational and prospective research was carried out on the students of the IP Daniel Rivero, Cárdenas municipality, to whom a survey was applied and the way of loading the school material was examined.  Results: The casuistry consisted of 1096 students, 547 female and 549 male. It was shown that the backpack is the most frequent way of loading school material with 1089 schoolchildren (99.4%). 57,3 % of schoolchildren use the backpack in an inappropriate way. Ignorance about the load of the material and the impact on the health (97, 4 %).

Introduction. Mental illness is a challenge for medicine, since the doctor must trust what the patient tells him since there are no visible signs to reach a diagnosis. The best therapeutic option is necessary to treat the psychiatric pathology around pregnancy without harming neither its development nor the woman's own health. In the same way, it is to be able to have management guidelines for women who develop psychosis in the puerperal period in order to maintain an adequate quality of life for both the mother and the newborn and their families; An adequate and even more personalized management protocol has not been established for pregnant and postpartum patients who decline in their mental state, leading to the establishment of a psychiatric pathology that, without adequate follow-up, triggers a serious health problem. The main objective is to promptly recognize the different psychosis disorders during pregnancy and postpartum to be able to give their appropriate treatment, since in our environment it is very lightly taken by non-psychiatric professionals and thus initiate an awareness of general practitioners of the current problem of non-organic, but mental field of the patients. The methodology of this research work is carried out around bibliographic reviews in the medical literature on the psychiatric repercussion that occurs in certain pregnant women as well as in mothers in the immediate, mediate and late puerperal period. Results. Post-traumatic stress syndrome shows a prevalence of 1%, appears between 24 and 48 hours after a difficult delivery. Postpartum depression there is a prevalence of 50-70% or even 80% of births on the third day postpartum, but it does not usually exceed a week. Postpartum depression in 10-15% of women in the first 2-3 months after delivery. Postpartum psychosis occurs in about 1-2 per 1,000 births, although other authors determine 3 per 1,000.

Introduction: In 2019, a new coronavirus was identified as the cause of the outbreak of a disease that originated in China. This virus is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In March 2020, the Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. Although the severity of the infection is determined above all by the appearance of severe pneumonia and acute respiratory failure, affectations in different apparatuses and systems have also been described. At the level of the digestive system, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are frequent. Acute pancreatitis is a reversible inflammatory process, which results from the activation of digestive enzymes released by this gland. This pathological entity is associated with multiples etiologies; therefore, some studies have reported a possible pancreatic injury associated with SARS-CoV2 infection due to a direct cytopathic effect of the virus or subsequent to the systematic inflammatory response. Objective: To determine the pancreatic manifestations of COVID 19, which is essential to aid in the diagnosis and guide towards the prognosis of this pathology. Methodology: In this article we discuss a case of acute pancreatitis that could be related to COVID 19 infection, and a systematic search of current and relevant bibliography related to the subject is carried out. Results: The pancreatic manifestations of SARS-CoV2 are not so common, however the simultaneous presence of both entities has been associated with higher hospital mortality. Conclusion: There is little evidence of scientific rigor at a real level to determine COVID 19 as a direct causal factor of Acute Pancreatitis, it requires more multicenter and higher impact studies.