Introduction: The right to prior, free, and informed consultation (PFIC) is a legal mechanism to protect indigenous collective rights, particularly in contexts of non-renewable resource exploitation.  Objective: To analyze the legal framework of PFIC and its application in Amazonian communities affected by oil projects. Methodology: Documentary review of international instruments, Ecuadorian constitutional jurisprudence, and emblematic cases. Results: Gaps were identified in the implementation of prior consultation, such as the lack of intercultural dialogue and state pressure to approve extractive projects. Conclusion: PFIC must be strengthened through binding protocols and active community participation. General Area of Study: Environmental Law. Specific area of study: Indigenous collective rights. Type of study: Bibliographic review.