Economic sustainability of tourism in Ecuador: The Latacunga “Mama Negra” Festival case

In Ecuador, tourism development is presented as a sustainable alternative to replace state revenues that involve the exploitation of non-renewable resources; however, there is no strong evidence of economic sustainability. This research covers a series of ideas related to the economic sustainability of tourism, studying the case of the Black Mama Party in Latacunga. The objective of the work is to demonstrate if the studied tourist activity supports tourism in the territory. For this purpose, a bibliographic analysis was performed; and, a methodology was proposed that starts from the analysis of three years of festivities from 2017 to 2019, on the direct impact on the economy, analyzing the items and the investment spending made by the organizers. The indirect impact is measured with the data provided by the application of a survey to visitors, and the induced impact is established considering the two previous aspects, by means of the application of a multiplying factor on each indicator, to establish the amount of income approximate for the city of Latacunga in the established period. The results are satisfactory, since interesting income is observed for the city and its inhabitants; however, it is considered that these may be more significant if better planning is established, and the diversification of tourist activity is guaranteed, enhancing the infrastructure of the existing services. In addition, some indicators of the tourist profile are proposed that influence the economic sustainability of the tourist activity.

Xavier Alejandro Silva Viteri, Luis Armijo Auquilla Belema, Lineth del Rocío Fernández Sánchez, Álvaro Andrés Auquilla Ordóñez

27-49

Tungurahua Volcano Geopark Project towards geotourism in Baños de Agua Santa Ecuador

Ecuador has a wide geological dynamic, climatic variety and natural diversity, which constitutes it as an attraction for the world, made up of beaches, plains, high humidity of the eastern jungles, as well as the majesty of the Andean mountain range, site in which you can see 27 volcanoes, the Tungurahua volcano being one of the most attractive in the entire region. The Tungurahua Volcano Geopark PGVT Project was born with the intention of taking advantage of geosites for the development of scientific tourism activities, which has guided this research that begins with a characterization of the PGVT, subsequently an analysis of the most representative geoparks in Latin America and Finally, a comparison of benefits between the identified geoparks and PGVT, by means of a simple quantitative descriptive analysis, the characterization was carried out, with the help of the components proposed by Pereira 2007, consisting of intrinsic value, potential use and need for protection, to later analyze the most representative geoparks and finally a comparative analysis to establish in which range the PGVT is located; The PGVT determined 16 important geosites and 3 non-geological sites, 8 representative geoparks of Latin America, and the PGVT was established as within the range of the other geosites with a summed value of 24, a score that is found in the arithmetic mean of the 8 geoparks evaluated, thus determining that Baños de Agua Santa has the conditions to generate geotourism.

Esteban Alejandro Aguilar Soria, Edison Eduardo Ruiz Mármol, Álvaro Santiago Toalombo Díaz , María Isabel Molina Enríquez

70-89

Verifying factor analysis of the SERVQUAL tool in accommodation. Amazon Ecuador

The present research topic “Verifying factor analysis of the SERVQUAL tool in accommodation. Amazonia Ecuador” responds to the growth of the tourist accommodation offer that in recent years has been concentrated in the urban area of ​​the canton in which 108 establishments are registered in the different categories that offer their services without having a real knowledge of the perception and expectations of its users. The objective of the work was to evaluate the quality of the services offered by the 3-star lodging establishments of the Urbana de Tena parish. It was developed as a qualitative investigation for the compilation of previous information of the investigation variables and quantitative for the processing and analysis of the data obtained in the field investigation. Based on an analysis of the level of professionalization of the workers of the accommodation establishments, a compilation is made on the quality of the services provided through the SERVQUAL model, using the survey as a technique, applied to a randomly selected sample. Finally, they used statistics such as Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory analysis that determined the factors that influence the quality of the services provided. When applying the SERVQUAL model to accommodation establishments in the city of Tena, it was found that expectations, measured by tangible aspects, reliability, response capacity, security and empathy are considered important for the client, since the average score obtained from the survey applied to these was located in the range of 6.01 and 6.78, which corresponds to a high expectation, and the confirmatory factor analysis determined that from the SERVQUAL questionnaire that 2 items do not meet the individual reliability >0,50

Gary Patricio Rivadeneyra Olalla, Edison Eduardo Ruiz Mármol, Carlos Anibal Manosalvas Vaca, Álvaro Santiago Toalombo Díaz

90-106