Introduction. Infertility is a relatively common condition in the general population, affecting up to 15% of couples worldwide. Currently, the procedures and interventions used to assist reproduction are not fully capable of achieving a complete success rate, generating significant controversy regarding the use of IVF and/or ICSI. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as treatments for infertility, considering the probable cause. This includes analyzing the fundamental mechanisms of each technique, their advantages, disadvantages, and the most suitable therapeutic options according to the characteristics of each couple. Methodology. A search was conducted in scientific databases, selecting articles based on reliability, validity, and clinical relevance, prioritizing publications in English and Spanish from the last five years. Fifteen high-evidence articles that met the established criteria were selected. Results. In vitro fertilization showed some degree of superiority over ICSI regarding fertilization rates; however, ICSI resulted in a higher rate of high-quality embryos, although the difference was not statistically significant. Ultimately, it was determined that the live birth rate is indirectly proportional to maternal age, regardless of the procedure performed. Conclusion. In vitro fertilization has become the preferred assisted reproductive technique for various conditions such as unexplained infertility, endometriosis, and ovarian and male factors. On the other hand, ICSI is reserved for specific cases of male infertility despite its higher level of intervention. Each approach has its own indications and considerations, emphasizing the importance of careful selection based on individual diagnosis.

Introduction.  The human capability to perceive and interpret sound is given by a set of structures such as the ear, the brainstem and the brain. Hearing loss following craniocerebral trauma, with the middle ear or cochlea being the most affected, often goes unnoticed; primary audiological deficit does not only appear as a result of direct trauma to the inner or middle ear, as occurs in skull base fractures or tears of the central neural pathways. In the case of early secondary injury, there is an increase in intracranial pressure in response to hematomas, hemorrhages or diffuse axonal degeneration. The incidence of post-traumatic hearing loss occurs in approximately 5-10% of cases of hearing loss, the age group most affected are young people, especially those who practice sports or participate in risky activities, in addition, workers exposed to very loud noises and physical injuries. Objective.  To analyze the impact of cranial trauma on the auditory system and its relationship with hearing loss determined by diagnostic tools and early intervention. Methodology. Original studies, clinical investigations, meta-analyses published during the five years (2020-2024) with emphasis on the diagnosis and management of hearing loss due to head trauma are included. Results.  Cranioencephalic trauma (TBI) has significant effects on hearing, which is evidenced in several studies. On one hand, in mice it shows that repetitive mild TBI can cause early neuronal damage although it does not directly affect hair cells, but causes degeneration of the spiral ganglion. An accurate evaluation of hearing loss and exposure history are essential for successful treatment of hearing loss after TBI. Studies agree that early intervention is vital to prevent progression to chronic deafness. As research progresses, the integration of objective diagnostic methods, such as DpOAE, along with an understanding of the context of trauma, may significantly improve treatment outcomes in patients with post-TBI hearing loss. Conclusion.  Cranioencephalic trauma (TBI) has significant effects on hearing, which is evidenced in several studies. On one hand, in mice it shows that repetitive mild TBI can cause early neuronal damage although it does not directly affect hair cells, but causes degeneration of the spiral ganglion. An accurate evaluation of hearing loss and exposure history are essential for successful treatment of hearing loss after TBI. Studies agree that early intervention is vital to prevent progression to chronic deafness. As research progresses, the integration of objective diagnostic methods, such as DpOAE, along with an understanding of the context of trauma, may significantly improve treatment outcomes in patients with post-TBI hearing loss.

Introduction: The intensive care unit is characterized by being a hostile environment where the patient may experience negative feelings, therefore, strategies such as open doors have been established to humanize care, however, it is essential to take into account the perspective of nursing professionals, who are responsible for providing comprehensive care and including family members in the activities they perform. Objective: To know what has been published in the literature about the perspectives of nursing professionals on open-door ICU. Methodology: An integrative review was conducted, obtaining 456 studies from the databases consulted. Articles published in the last 10 years (2014-2024) in Spanish, Portuguese and English were considered as inclusion criteria. Results: Of the 17 articles selected, 7 categories were identified according to the perspectives of nursing professionals on open-door ICU: characterization, positive impact of humanized care, effect of the visit on staff, effect and beliefs of the visit on the patient, effect of the visit on the family, open-door ICU visitation policy, and requirements for the implementation of the visit. Conclusion: Nursing professionals perceive open-door ICU as a strategy that improves the quality of care and patient recovery but requires appropriate protocols. For some, it is a model of humanization and family participation, while others warn that the family's lack of knowledge and mistrust can generate conflicts in care. General Area of Study: Medicine. Specific area of study: Nursing. Type of study: Review article.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health includes physical, mental, social, and emotional well-being. Oral health influences this balance, as it affects relationships and psychological state, especially through dental appearance. Dissatisfaction with smiling has a negative influence on quality of life. Objectives: The study evaluated the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (CVRSO) in adult patients from the dental clinics of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, applying the IOPD (Oral Impacts on Daily Performances) instrument to measure the impact of oral health between December 2024 and March 2025. The sample included 280 patients between 18 and 60 years of age, selected by simple random probability sampling. Results: The results showed that the most affected deficiencies were eating and enjoying food, smiling, or laughing, cleaning teeth, and sleeping or relaxing. Sociodemographic factors such as age, educational level, and origin significantly influence CVRSO. In addition, women, and young adults (20 to 40 years old) reported a greater impact on their quality of life due to oral health problems. Conclusions: In conclusion, these findings highlight the need for personalized dental care, considering sociodemographic factors to improve quality of life and reduce the impact of oral health on daily activities and emotional well-being. General area of study: Dentistry. Specific area of study: Dentistry. Type of item: original.

Introduction: the presence of Escherichia coli/Coliforms spp. in seafood products, such as tilapia, poses a risk to public health. These bacteria can cause foodborne illnesses, primarily digestive problems. Objective: To determine the presence of Escherichia coli/Coliforms spp. in fresh tilapia sold at the "el Arenal" market in the city of Cuenca. Methodology: the study was conducted at the "El Arenal" market, collecting 32 samples of fresh tilapia. The identification and quantification of E. coli and Coliforms spp. was performed using the Compact Dry EC technique, expressing the results in Colony Forming Units (CFU). Results: CFUs of Escherichia coli and Coliforms spp. were identified in fresh tilapia using Compact Dry EC. The values were compared with INEN 1896 and NTC 5443 standards to evaluate their conformity, demonstrating the presence of these microorganisms in the analyzed samples. Conclusion: the presence of E. coli and Coliforms spp. was determined in tilapia from the "El Arenal" market in Cuenca. The results exceed the limits of the INEN 1896 and NTC 5443 standards, indicating that the samples are not safe for human consumption, highlighting deficiencies in handling and hygiene practices. General Area of Study: Biochemistry and Pharmacy. Specific area of study: food safety. Type of study: Original articles.

Introduction. Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, with a decrease in lactobacilli and an increase in pathogens such as Gardnerella vaginalis, which has a high recurrence rate and resistance to conventional treatments. Vaginal dysbiosis makes antibiotic treatment difficult, which has prompted the exploration of therapeutic alternatives such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of FMT in the treatment of recurrent BV. Methodology. Analysis of eight previous clinical studies and systematic reviews using the PRISMA methodology. Results. FMT may be a promising option for restoring vaginal microbial balance, reducing disease recurrences, and improving the quality of life of affected women. Conclusion. Despite positive preliminary results, further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and ensure its safety before its widespread implementation in clinical practice. General Study Area: Medicine. Specific Study Area: Gynecology and Obstetrics. Type of Study: Review Article

Introduction. Currently, neonatal diarrhea is one of the main causes of mortality in calves in the livestock sector. They present a complicated etiology as they can be caused by viral agents (rotavirus and coronavirus), bacterial agents (E. coli), and parasitic agents (Cryptosporidium). Rotavirus causes a notable impact on cattle morbidity and mortality, especially affecting calves under three weeks of age. It carries significant economic weight due to the high treatment costs, delayed cattle development, and reduced future production. Objective. To provide updated information about risk factors, clinical manifestations, and new therapeutic approaches for the management of rotavirus in calves. Methodology. An investigation was conducted with updated data on clinical manifestations, risk factors, and new therapeutic strategies associated with rotavirus in calves. Forty-two articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese from the last 5 years for articles and 10 years for books were used. Discussion. The main risk factor influencing rotavirus pathogenesis is the lack of colostrum intake, the age of the calf, and the environment in which the calf is born, presenting characteristic signs of watery and foul-smelling diarrhea, as well as severe dehydration. The main clinical sign presented by calves infected with rotavirus is watery and foul-smelling diarrhea, along with severe dehydration. For this, balanced rehydration with sodium, glucose, and electrolytes should be administered either orally or through an esophageal tube, as this is recommended for calves. Conclusion. The lack and management of colostrum in the first hours of a calf's life is key as a risk factor for rotavirus infection. Colostrum is the key point in the transmission of maternal antibodies that will provide the primary and most important protection against infectious agents. Since there is no adequate treatment for this pathology, treatment must be preventive (use of vaccines in mothers and excellent quality colostrum). Despite this, early and adequate rehydration is ideal to maintain successful homeostasis in affected calves. General Study Area. Veterinary Medicine. Specific Study Area. Veterinary Sciences. Type of Study. Review Article.

Introduction. The phenomenon of globalization and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics have led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, posing a significant challenge to modern medicine. Klebsiella pneumoniae, an opportunistic pathogen, stands out for its ability to acquire resistance, particularly to carbapenems, leaving limited treatment options. Phage therapy emerges as a promising alternative against multidrug-resistant infections, especially in resource-limited countries. Objective. Analyze phage therapy as a therapeutic alternative for multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections through a review of recent literature. Methodology. A bibliographic review was conducted using DeCS/MeSH terms such as “Bacteriophages,” “Phage Therapy,” and “Klebsiella pneumoniae” applying filters for articles published between 2019 and 2024 in databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. Studies in humans, systematic reviews, and original research related to phage therapy were included. Results. Studies highlight the effectiveness of phages such as RAM-1 and PSKP16 in eliminating biofilms and lysing MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Combining phage therapy with antibiotics showed significant synergy, reducing bacterial loads and mortality rates in preclinical models. Conclusion. Phage therapy represents a viable and promising alternative to combat multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. Although progress is encouraging, further clinical research and standardized regulations are needed for its widespread implementation. General Area of Study: Medicine. Specific area of study: Microbiology. Type of study: Systematic bibliographic.