Efficacy of Assisted Reproduction Techniques: In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

Abstract

Introduction. Infertility is a relatively common condition in the general population, affecting up to 15% of couples worldwide. Currently, the procedures and interventions used to assist reproduction are not fully capable of achieving a complete success rate, generating significant controversy regarding the use of IVF and/or ICSI. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as treatments for infertility, considering the probable cause. This includes analyzing the fundamental mechanisms of each technique, their advantages, disadvantages, and the most suitable therapeutic options according to the characteristics of each couple. Methodology. A search was conducted in scientific databases, selecting articles based on reliability, validity, and clinical relevance, prioritizing publications in English and Spanish from the last five years. Fifteen high-evidence articles that met the established criteria were selected. Results. In vitro fertilization showed some degree of superiority over ICSI regarding fertilization rates; however, ICSI resulted in a higher rate of high-quality embryos, although the difference was not statistically significant. Ultimately, it was determined that the live birth rate is indirectly proportional to maternal age, regardless of the procedure performed. Conclusion. In vitro fertilization has become the preferred assisted reproductive technique for various conditions such as unexplained infertility, endometriosis, and ovarian and male factors. On the other hand, ICSI is reserved for specific cases of male infertility despite its higher level of intervention. Each approach has its own indications and considerations, emphasizing the importance of careful selection based on individual diagnosis.