Introduction: Escobar syndrome or non-lethal multiple pterygiums is a rare entity with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Its etiology is unknown, but clinically it is characterized by multiple pterygiums, muscular contractures, and skeletal alterations. The earliest descriptions were made early in the XX century by Bussiere and Frawley, but it was Victor Escobar in 1978 who studied it and described it more broadly. Objectives: Describe clinical and diagnostic characteristics of Escobar syndrome. Methodology: In the present study, a case is described, which has clinical features with osteomuscular alterations that partially limit its quality of life no pulmonary currently complicationes. She engages in karyotype research and corrective hip and foot surgeries. Results: In the present clinical case, its main alterations are scoliosis, multiple pterygiums, camptodactyly, hip dysplasia and bilateral equine-valgus foot, which partially limits their quality of life. The patient does not present pulmonary restriction, despite being the most frequent complication, an indicator of a good prognosis. Our case is undergoing karyotype investigation and corrective hip and foot surgeries. Conclusions: It is a genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance mechanism whose pathophysiology is still unknown. The diagnosis is confirmed by means of genetic tests that show the mutation of the CHRNG den, however, its absence does not rule out Escobar Syndrome. General study area: Medicine. Specific area of ​​study: Pediatrics. Article type: Clinical case.

The chronic use of loop diuretic medications triggers electrolyte disturbances as part of their adverse drug reactions (ADRs). It has been observed that older adults tend to develop this type of ADR due to changes in renal function as they age. This research aimed to analyze the electrolyte disturbances caused by loop diuretics in the older adult population, according to the scientific evidence published from 2018-2023. The methodology applied was a systematic documentary review using the PRISMA method. Information was collected from different retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional studies. There was a significant prevalence of hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypochloremia due to chronic use of loop diuretics. The patients were 60 years and older. Concerning potassium, it is unclear whether hypo- or hyperkalemia is more common since studies suggest a similar prevalence of both conditions. On the other hand, the least altered electrolytes were calcium and phosphorus. Good nutrition while using loop diuretics contributes to the balance of various electrolytes. General area of study: Biochemistry and Pharmacy. Area of study: Clinical Pharmacology. Type of study: Systematic review article.

Introduction: Fungi and yeasts are organisms of great clinical interest since they originate toxic substances for human health (mycotoxins). Enteroparasites are intestinal infections caused by parasites. The primary source of transmission of these microorganisms is raw food. Lettuce is a crucial cultivated vegetable worldwide, as it is part of a healthy diet. Objective: To determine the presence of molds, yeasts, and parasites in Lactuca sativa (lettuce) sold in the ‘9 de Octubre’ market, located in the historic center of Cuenca, province of Azuay. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted through the analysis of vegetables sold in the ‘9 de Octubre’ market. Compact Dry YM plates and microscopy were used to identify and quantify fungi in the 30 lettuce samples collected to determine the existence of parasites. Results: Based on the study, the growth of molds and yeasts was evidenced in the 30 samples analyzed. It was demonstrated that they are suitable for human consumption since they are within the permissible limits of the Basque Government regulations. On the other hand, in the parasitic analysis, about 60% of the samples showed Entamoeba coli cysts. Conclusion: The contamination of yeasts, molds, and parasites in lettuce was determined, demonstrating that this public establishment does not have a correct hygienic practice. This contamination can occur at any stage, during cultivation, transport, and/or storage and handling by vendors. General study area: Biochemistry and Pharmacy. Specific area of study: Food microbiology. Study type: Original article.

Introduction. Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a multidrug-resistant pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections, in the intensive care unit (ICU) and immunocompromised patients. As a measure to prevent the spread of the bacteria, it is necessary to disinfect patient care areas and instruments. Therefore, evaluating the residual effect of the disinfectants recommended by the Ministry of Public Health in hospital environments is essential. Objetive. To verify the residual efficacy of iodopovidone, hydrogen peroxide, glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, quaternary ammonium, and potassium monopersulfate used as hospital disinfectants against A. baumannii. Methodology. This was a quantitative, descriptive, and longitudinal study using the strain A. baumanni ATCC 19606 on which the residual effect of chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, quaternary ammonium, and potassium monopersulfate was evaluated at different periods: 20 minutes, one, three, six, 12 and 24 hours. Results. Glutaraldehyde and chlorhexidine were the disinfectants with the best residual effect, remaining effective for up to 24 hours; however, their inhibition halos were small in diameter, suggesting a potential resistance to these desinfectants. Conclusion. The disinfectants with the best residual effect on A. baumannii were glutaraldehyde and chlorhexidine, inhibiting the bacteria up to 24 hours after application. Similarly, hydrogen peroxide obtained this effect up to 12 hours. The sodium hypochlorite, iodopovidone and quaternary ammonium concentrations showed no residual effect.

Introduction: although the effectiveness of using emetics for decontamination in cases of poisoning in humans has been questioned, in veterinary medicine, it has been observed that exposure to substances such as pharmaceuticals, onions, chocolates, tobacco, insecticides, pesticides, and others Foreign elements that can be eliminated by vomiting without causing harm, could benefit significantly by induced emesis in an adequate period of time. In the present study, the efficacy of tranexamic acid in inducing vomiting was evaluated in randomly selected cats in optimal health. Careful monitoring of drug effects was carried out with the aim of achieving emesis in a controlled manner. Aim. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the efficacy with two experiments: one increasing the doses with repetitions of five minutes between doses and the other with a single dose until emesis was obtained. Methodology. This research had a descriptive quantitative experimental approach where 10 cats were exposed to two experiments in the first (T1), three doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg were applied, with intervals of 5 minutes to assess the effective dose. In the second experiment (T2), exposure to a single dose was carried out with one-week intervals for the next dose to determine at which (single) dose emesis occurs. Results: 90% of the cats had induced emesis in a period of no more than 230 seconds and with a maximum of three events per cat. Conclusion: Tranexamic acid proved to be effective in inducing vomiting, observing that emesis occurred with an increase in the dose of the drug, reaching this effect even with a single dose of 40 mg/kg. Study area: Veterinary Medicine.

Introduction: Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has been a public health problem since its inception in 2020 in Wuhan, China. Its main route of cellular entry is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Although the lung is the main organ affected due to its high concentration of ACE2, this enzyme also exists in endocrine organs, causing alterations in the hormonal system. Objective: To conduct a systematic review on the implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the endocrine system. Methodology: Non-experimental, descriptive study, a systematic search was conducted on the influence of SARS-CoV-2 on the endocrine system from January 2020 to August 2023. Results: Some structures of the endocrine system are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection such as the anterior pituitary because it is located outside the blood-brain barrier, other affected areas such as the thyroid gland is susceptible because of its high concentrations of ACE 2 and also has been observed greater degree of severity in patients without thymus because it increases the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the severity of this viral infection and the decrease in serum hormone concentrations of TSH, T3, T4.

Introduction. Social interaction between dogs, both in domestic and community environments, can lead to episodes of aggression, occasionally manifesting through bites. These situations not only involve risks of physical injury, but also introduce a critical and increasingly disturbing element: bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This issue becomes relevant, especially when considering the constant increase in bacterial resistance in the context of inter-conspecific bites, raising the urgent need to adequately address this concern. In this scenario, bacterial cultures and antibiograms emerge as essential tools for the identification of microorganisms present in canine bites, as well as for the evaluation of antimicrobial resistance. Elements that play a crucial role in providing an accurate basis for the treatment of injuries resulting from bites. Consequently, through this research, we seek to identify the main bacteria present in wounds caused by bites between conspecifics and analyze the associated bacterial resistance. Furthermore, it is intended to highlight the importance of information derived from cultures and antibiograms in the formulation of more precise and specific therapeutic strategies. With this approach, we seek to contribute to the development of more informed and effective medical practices in the treatment of the bacterial consequences of social interactions between dogs. Objective. Identify the most common bacteria found in bite wounds and their resistance to antibiotics. Methodology. This research adopts a descriptive approach of a non-experimental nature and was carried out on dogs with conspecific bites that sought care at the CanVet veterinary clinic, located in the city of Latacunga, during the period from June to October 2023. During this period, a total of 17 domestic dogs were treated, aged between 1 and 10 years, who had wounds in various areas of the body. Aseptic procedures were applied to the perilesional area, followed by sampling using sterile swabs. These samples were subsequently sent for cultures and antibiograms, as part of the research protocol. Results. In this work, bacteria of the genus staphylococcus s.p, aureus and proteus (53%) were identified as the most frequent bacteria in wounds of domestic dogs due to bites from conspecifics, and 47% of samples in which there was no bacterial development were also determined. A greater case of resistance to penicillin (67%) and clindamycin (56%) can be estimated. Just as there are wounds that do not present bacterial development. Conclusion. There are bacteria with resistance to several antibiotics, which is why it is relevant to perform culture studies and antibiograms to develop the appropriate therapy. Study area: microbiology, surgery.

Introduction: Cosmetic microbiology oversees guaranteeing the safety of cosmetic products; the presence of nosocomial pathogens such as Pseudomonas should be null; however, poor control of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) during the manufacture of makeup can generate contamination by this microorganism and put the consumer's health at risk. Therefore, the FDA emphasizes the importance of performing microbiological tests on all products intended for human use. Objective: To determine the microbiological quality of mascaras sold in Cuenca, observing if they comply with the maximum limits allowed according to the Colombian Mandatory Health Notification (NSO, by its Spanish acronym) for Pseudomonas. Methodology: A pure experimental study was conducted on five different mascara brands, applying the guidelines given by the FDA for a microbiological analysis. The identification of Pseudomonas sp was based on identification tests performed in the laboratory. Results: Five mascara brands were analyzed, including two Ecuadorian and three imported brands. Considering that only one of the imported brands showed growth for Pseudomonas sp, this was confirmed through microbiological analysis, using culture media, specific tests, and statistical analysis of variables using IBM SPSS 26. Conclusion: Identifying Pseudomonas in the mascara brand indicates non-compliance with the NSO, indicating the application’s lack of quality and safety.