Loop diuretic-induced electrolyte disorders in older adults. a systematic review

Abstract

The chronic use of loop diuretic medications triggers electrolyte disturbances as part of their adverse drug reactions (ADRs). It has been observed that older adults tend to develop this type of ADR due to changes in renal function as they age. This research aimed to analyze the electrolyte disturbances caused by loop diuretics in the older adult population, according to the scientific evidence published from 2018-2023. The methodology applied was a systematic documentary review using the PRISMA method. Information was collected from different retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional studies. There was a significant prevalence of hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypochloremia due to chronic use of loop diuretics. The patients were 60 years and older. Concerning potassium, it is unclear whether hypo- or hyperkalemia is more common since studies suggest a similar prevalence of both conditions. On the other hand, the least altered electrolytes were calcium and phosphorus. Good nutrition while using loop diuretics contributes to the balance of various electrolytes. General area of study: Biochemistry and Pharmacy. Area of study: Clinical Pharmacology. Type of study: Systematic review article.