Objective. To assess the distress main sceneries, based on the needs of the patient during the first vaccination in the veterinary appointment, for that, 24 patients (n=24) of all ages were examined, without difference of sex or race that come from the city of Loja, Ecuador. Materials and methods. The distress, stress, comfort, and physiological gauge signs were examined in three times (before, during, after) for 15 minutes each one; the same procedure was executed in three different sessions, with different sceneries per appointment (traditional, environmental enrichment and home). Results. It was highlighted that the traditional appointment (S3), produces greater canine stress in vaccination with 9.36 (p<0.05), compared to the other sceneries, due to the perceived circumstances were stressful, influencing in signs as: scratching 0.44%, chewing 0.27%, growling 0.23% and yawning 0.21%, making threatening the routine appointment; the appointment with enrichment (S1) has a minor percentage 4.74, making it better to treat patients, which were reflected in comfort and physiological signs: real smile 0.38%, tail wagging 0.28%, heart rate 0.32% and temperature 0.29%. Conclusions. The data indicated that S3, followed by the home appointment (S2) has a higher prevalence of stress, which is why they are less convenient sceneries to interact with pets; on the other hand, it has been verified that S1 is optimal to conduct the needs that the patient requires at the appointment time.

Objective: to compare the healing effect of matico and propolis in the treatment of post-surgical wounds. Methodology: an observational and comparative study was conducted on the healing effects through three treatments T1 (Matico); T2 (Propolis) and T3 (Saline-placebo solution), assigning each treatment to eight bitches (Canis lupus familiaris) that underwent a surgical process of octubrehysterectomy (OVH), at the "San Fernandos" Veterinary Clinic in the city of Loja -Ecuador. Results: it was shown that the matico and propolis ointment achieved better results in healing time and wound length reduction, and that, although there were differences between these and the control group, there were no statistically significant differences in the results. between the ointment of matico and propolis. In addition, a lower number of patients with inflammation, pain, scab, necrosis, and infection were found in the groups treated with matico and propolis during the 21 days of study, compared to the control group, all important macroscopic characteristics studied in the wounds of the diverse groups. Conclusions: matico and propolis are effective in the treatment of post-surgical wounds, with a reduction in healing time and scar size compared to the control group, which had a longer healing time and little reduction in s

Objective. To compare two methods of diagnosis of Microsporum canis, Wood's lamp (LW) and dermatophyte test metium (DTM). LW is based on the presence of ultraviolet light on dermatophytosis-infected hair in a specific way, it is considered a qualitative test and easy to use, while DTM is an especially useful laboratory test of wide use and more specific, due to the isolation of the genus and species of dermatophyte. Methodology. For the study, two hundred canine patients presenting with generalised dermatological lesions, sampled from skin scrapings, depilation, or brushing, were evaluated. For the identification of the aetiological agent (Microsporum canis), by means of the LW, which is based on emitting yellowish-green fluorescence in the positive case of the presence of M. canis; while the DTM is a culture that allows the growth of the infectious agent which can be seen under the microscope, this is how it is considered a selective and specific microbiological test. Results. They showed that, of the two hundred canine patients analyzed, DTM agar performed 2.26 times better than Wood's lamp in the diagnosis of Microsporum canis, with no significant differences with respect to sex and type of sample taken (hair or scab), with values of 0.069 and 0.145, respectively. Conclusions. We conclude that the most effective method for determining Microsporum canis dermatophytosis is the DTM differential agar.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of Neem essential oil (Azadirachta indica) topically on the skin and coat of cats with dermatophytosis. Methodology: visual assessment was the most important assessment methodology, taking into account the following variables: skin: (inflammation, flaking, excoriation, hyperpigmentation, alopecia, and fur: (oily, dry, brittle, bad smell), interpreted with scales assessment (1: no improvement, 2: slight improvement, 3: moderate improvement and 4: total improvement); the research used a completely randomized design, made up of 4 treatments: T1 (Control), T2 (5 days of application ), T3 (10 days of application) and T4 (15 days of application) and T5 (20 days of application), a total of 30 cats were evaluated, 6 animals for each treatment, with the use of cotton soaked in the oil, all the surface of the skin and hair, each patient underwent a detailed clinical and dermatological record. Results: they showed significant differences in the evaluation criteria of skin and hair as follows: no improvement, slight improvement, moderate improvement, and total improvement, regarding all the variables there was slight, moderate, and total improvement, very few animals did not show improvement. Conclusions: Neem oil (Azadirachta indica) works in the treatment of dermatophytosis and visually improves the skin as well as the fur of dermatologically affected cats, all treatments worked, being T4 and T5 the best, with applications of 15 and 20 days. consecutive, respectively.

Abstract

Introduction: CA 15-3 is one of the tumor markers used in breast cancer for: early detection of subclinical metastasis, control and evolution of the disease, oncological therapeutic support, prognosis. The aim of this study is to establish the relationship of this biomarker with biological variables such as age, immunohistochemical (histological grade, progesterone receptors, estrogen receptors, HER2, tumor type) and therapeutic variables associated with non-special type invasive carcinoma of the breast. Methods: Analytical study that was conducted with ninety-four records of oncological patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma of No Special Type, extracted from the Anatomical Pathology service of the “Hospital de Specialties José Carrasco Arteaga” (IESS) that works with the AS400 computer system, in Cuenca, Ecuador, during the period 2018 - 2020. The research related the CA 15-3 marker with biological, immunohistochemical and therapeutic variables pre- and post-treatment. Results: The universe consisted of ninety-four patient records. The mean age was 52 years. CA 15-3 levels were significantly reduced after oncologic treatments in the patients. Their preintervention values ranged from 5.11 - 416.5 U/mL with a mean of 33.12 U/mL and a standard deviation of 67.65 U/mL and their postintervention values ranged from 4.41 - 121.5 U/mL with a mean of 16.54 and a standard deviation of 16.97 U/mL (T-test 2.67, p= 0.009). Statistical association was found between biomarker and progesterone receptors (p=0.009, RR= 6.8, LC: 1.3 - 34.2) and KI-67 (p=0.001, RR= 8.55, LC= 2.0 - 36.4). Conclusions: The CA 15-3 biomarker decreases in levels after oncologic treatments and has statistical association with progesterone receptors and the KI-67 marker.

Antimicrobial resistance caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing members of the Enterobacteriaceae family is a global public health problem. ESBLs are enzymes that confer resistance to first, second, third and fourth generation penicillins and cephalosporins, which are expressed in greater proportion in gram-negative bacteria. Objective: To characterize ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in blood cultures of patients treated in different areas of the Isidro Ayora General Hospital in Loja, period 2019-2020. Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional documentary study. The sample consisted of 114 isolates. Results: The most frequent variables of the study were female sex (54.4%), adult age group (39.5%) with a mean age of 45 years. The prevalent bacterial species were Klebsiella spp., (43.9%) and Escherichia. coli (39.5%), followed by Enterobacter spp., (6.1%), Salmonella spp., (3.5%), Citrobacter freundii (2.6%), Proteus mirabilis (1.8%), Morganella morganii (1.8%) and Serratia marcescens (0.9%). According to antimicrobial susceptibility, there was high resistance to all tested beta-lactams, while sensitivity to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and carbapenems was present. The predominant species were Klebsiella spp., in Hospitalization and Escherichia coli in Emergency. Of all the species Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia coli are ESBL (32.5%). Conclusions: Antimicrobial resistance caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is considered a serious health problem. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and establish ESBL prevention, control, and dissemination measures to reduce drug resistance and provide effective treatment.