Introduction: intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a noble cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The objective was to determine the prevalence of IUGR and the associated factors in patients from the Gynecology and Obstetrics area of ​​the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, Cuenca Ecuador in the period 2015-2019. Methodology: a cross-sectional study of 350 electronic medical records of the AS-400 system was carried out. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24, EpiDat 3.1, frequencies, percentages, and prevalence ratio (PR) were calculated. Results: the average age of the maternal population was 29 years; five out of ten pregnant women were young adults. The distribution between urban and rural areas was similar; most of them attended secondary and university studies. 71 % were multiparous, 55 % of pregnancies ended by cesarean section. The prevalence of IUGR was 8,57 % with an asymmetric predominance (56 %). The risk factor for IUGR was hypothyroidism (PR 2,8 95 % CI 1,2–6,7). The variables obesity (PR 1,87 95% CI 0,79-4,44), anemia (PR 0,3 95 % CI 0,1-2,7), placental pathology (PR 1,3 95 % CI 0, 2–8,5), preeclampsia (PR 2,2 95 % CI 0,9–4,9) and urinary tract infection (PR 1,6 95 % CI 0,8–3,3) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: the prevalence of intrauterine growth restriction was like that of other similar studies from other regions, and the associated risk factor was hypothyroidism.

Introduction: childbirth represents the most severe form of pain experienced in woman's life; its proper management is associated with a satisfactory experience. Objective: identify the side effects of tramadol versus paracetamol during labor in full-term pregnant women who were admitted to the Jose Carrasco Arteaga Hospital during the period 2014 to 2019. Materials and methods: a transversal descriptive study was conducted; information was collected from 216 electronic medical records of the AS-400 system. The information was recorded in a data collection form prepared by the researcher Juana Cobos, and later in the statistical program SPSS v. fifteen. Results: the mean age of the maternal population was 30 years old (94%), 66.2% were multiparous, 94% had adequate prenatal check-ups, the average duration of labor was 8 to 17 hours in primiparous women (53.12%) and from 5 to 11 hours in multiparous women (50.3%), tramadol was administered in 42.59% and produced side effects such as nausea (57.61%), headache (47, 83%), vomiting (9.78) and insomnia (9.78), the usual dose of tramadol was 100mg. intramuscular route (95.65%); paracetamol produced less frequently adverse effects and 1000mg was prescribed. intravenous route in 65.6%, perinatal complications such as non-reassuring fetal status, fetal tachycardia, respiratory distress, and others were more frequently observed with tramadol. Conclusion: Finally, tramadol caused more adverse effects than paracetamol when administered during labor.

Introduction: Avian Influenza is a disease of high health impact in the poultry industry due to pathogenicity in poultry and wild birds in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America, recently the disease has entered new countries in Central and South America. For the first time, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Panama, Peru, Venezuela, and Chile. This disease is a global threat to animal health and food safety. Although avian influenza affects domestic and wild birds, it can occasionally be transmitted to humans. To date, naturally occurring highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses that cause acute clinical illness in economically important chickens, turkeys and other birds have been associated only with H5 and H7 subtypes. Objectives: to understand the nature, ecology, evolution, and impact of this disease on the poultry industry. Methodology: bibliographic review of literature seeks to gather and summarize scientific, updated, and specific information about the sanitary situation on avian influenza in Ecuador. Results:  the Avian Influenza Type A virus persists in Latin America since 2001, even before, to date, its arrival in the continent is currently a subject of discussion; it is presumed that the main route of entry is through the transboundary movement of live birds, either by natural migration or by legal or illegal trade. Conclusions: the current health situation of avian influenza in Ecuador is controlled, the impact that this disease has caused has not been as high as in other Latin American countries. General area of study: Veterinary Medicine. Specific area of study: Infectious Diseases.

Introduction: Gamification in university education is still in development, especially in adult education where it is often given less relevance. The challenge lies in training university teachers in the necessary competencies to implement gamification in their classes, as high workloads, lack of information and motivation, and limited dissemination of these topics exclude these new educational trends from planning, execution, and evaluation of courses. Objectives: This project aims to design a gamification proposal for Optometry university teachers to acquire digital competencies. To achieve this, the digital tools used by professors will be identified, the competencies needed to implement gamification will be determined, and educational content will be produced for teachers to acquire skills and strategies. The project seeks to improve the quality of education in Optometry using educational technologies. Methodology: This educational innovation project is based on methodological principles that involve selecting, organizing, using, and applying elements of the curriculum to address a need. The approach is qualitative, as it seeks to highlight subjective competencies, and descriptive, as it seeks to describe, understand, and interpret phenomena through the perceptions and meanings produced by the participants' experiences. Results: A low percentage of Optometry teachers (12%) use gamification activities in their classes. The main reasons include lack of time, unfamiliarity with new educational strategies and digital tools. To address this issue, a systematic search for useful tools and resources to apply gamification in university classes was conducted. It was discovered that most gamified activities are directed at primary and secondary students, which required adaptation to the university level. After gamification training, teachers acquired basic competencies that will allow them to implement these techniques in their teaching practice, which were evaluated through a test. Conclusions: The implementation of gamification in university education can have a positive impact on student motivation by promoting self-assessment and personal challenge, stimulating critical and competitive thinking. In areas of study like Optometry, where technology advances rapidly due to globalization, the inclusion of gamified activities and the application of self-evaluation and technology in the educational process can help form efficient and adaptable professionals to future demands.

Objective. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of platelet rich plasma and plasma gel on wound healing by secondary intention in rabbits. Methodology. Eight rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi) between 12 and 24 months of age, apparently healthy, male, and female, weighing between 3,5 and 4,5kg were used to which 3 wounds of 2 cm in diameter, assigning a different type of treatment for each one: Treatment 1 (T1): placebo as control; Treatment 2 (T2): platelet rich plasma; Treatment 3 (T3): plasma gel. Biopsies were performed on days 7, 14 and 21 after starting treatment to assess the degree of inflammation, re-epithelialization, neovascularization, collagen deposition, fibroplasia, bacterial contamination, and fungal contamination. Results. On day seven of starting the treatments, a significant increase in the degree of inflammation of the T1 lesions was obtained. On day fourteen the collagen deposition values were statistically higher for T3. At day 7 and 14, fibroplasia was higher for T2 and T3 compared to T1. Conclusions. Wounds treated by secondary intention with platelet rich plasma and plasma gel improve, between 7 and 15 days of treatment, reducing the degree of inflammation and increasing collagen deposition compared to placebo treatment. Between the use of platelet rich plasma and plasma gel, better results were obtained for wounds treated with plasma gel, especially on day fifteen after starting the treatments. Area of study: veterinary medicine, animal health, dermatology.

Introduction: NSAIDs are defined as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which represent a heterogeneous chemical pharmacological group. It is used in the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with mild or moderate symptoms. Objective:  to analyzer the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of clinical manifestations presented in patients with SARS-CoV-2, in addition to evidencing which are the most frequent NSAIDs, in the same way that doses can generate damage and if these can cause morbidities. Methodology: a bibliographic compilation was conducted to arrange data related to patients who consume NSAIDs and the presumed decline of their symptoms, fluid retention, kidney problems, heart problems after the consumption of these drugs. Resulted: the ibuprofen (58.6%) and aceclofenac (2.7%) should be identified as the most used oral options for the COVID-19 palliative procedure. The standardized dose used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 is 400 mg every 6 to 8 hours. Conclusions: NSAIDs are commonly used in COVID-19 patients, but certain hospitals recommend that first-line providers perform an evaluation on use. It is important to know the symptoms that the patient is experiencing to avoid the use of NSAIDs. Specific area of study: Pharmacology.

Introduction. Pregnancy is a particularly momentous time in a woman's life, however, when a woman is diagnosed with HIV, pregnancy can become a time of great uncertainty and worry. Objective. This paper seeks to demonstrate the results obtained from the accounts of pregnant women diagnosed with HIV at the José Luis Tamayo "Muey" health center. Methodology. The work adopts a qualitative approach which deepens the analysis of the phenomena, inclusion criteria were established to ensure the objectivity and relevance of the study, such as being pregnant, having an HIV diagnosis and being of legal age, as well as the application of a qualitative analysis software Atlas its version 9. Results. The experiences of pregnant women diagnosed with HIV were evidenced through in-depth interviews to qualitatively identify the situations experienced by these vulnerable groups. Conclusion. Finally, analysis of the responses of HIV-positive expectant mothers shows that pregnancy with HIV can be a difficult experience, as these women face several emotional and health challenges.

Introduction: healthcare-associated infections are a worldwide problem, due to the increase in morbimortality rate, one of the main causes is transmission through inanimate surfaces. Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus are most prevalent in the nosocomial environment. Objective: to characterize the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from inanimate surfaces in the surgical and operating room area of the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, Azogues - Ecuador. Methodology: a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted. A total of 110 samples were collected from inanimate surfaces of the surgery and operating room of the Homero Castanier Crespo hospital. Phenotypic methods were used to identify S. aureus (Mannitol Salt Agar and rhDNase) and genotypic methods such as identification genes (nucA and femB) and resistance genes (blaZ, mecA, and vanA) by endpoint PCR. Phenotypic methods were used for enterobacteria (UTIC Chromogenic Agar). For the detection of enzymes: ESBLs, AmpC, and carbapenemases, the Kirby Bauer technique was used. Results: the frequency of S. aureus was 2.72% (3/110). The 66.6% (2/3 strains) were resistant to penicillin, 33.3% (1/3 strains) to methicillin, and 100% were sensitive to vancomycin. The frequency of E. coli was 5.45% (5/110). Conclusion: the low frequency of S. aureus and E. coli isolates is since the surfaces examined correspond to the areas of the hospital that place the greatest emphasis on the application of cleaning and disinfection protocols.

Introduction: At present there is an increase in sexual crimes in the country, and many remain in impunity because they have not been reported or are reported late, since the victims are afraid to report the fact so as not to be revictimized during the crime. legal process. The expert work in forensic biology begins with the taking of a sample from the victim and the analysis of biological samples, which focuses on the investigation of semen or spermatic fluid, which could have been left both in the victim and in the place of the event, and the microscopic search continues to visualize spermatozoa using the specific "Christmas Tree" stain. Methodology: The purpose of the research was to validate the Diff Quick, Gram, Panopticon and Papanicolaou stains as alternative techniques for the identification of spermatozoa and their application in forensic investigation. The design was experimental since the test parameters are intentionally manipulated and it compares the staining’s described with the gold standard Christmas Tree test. The seminal fluid samples belong to voluntary patients who attend the San Juan Riobamba General Hospital, in the period September - October 2022. Results: The results were based on the quality of the microscopic image that allowed establishing the advantages and disadvantages of each of the tests. A significant statistical difference was found between the sensitivity of the experimental tests (p-value < 0.05). The Diff Quick and panoptic stains showed greater sensitivity in the identification of spermatozoa, in these stains a greater size of the spermatozoon head was also observed, and they showed a slightly dirty extended background compared to the other stains. Conclusions: Experimental tests show greater sensitivity in Diff Quick and Panoptic staining, but Gram and Papanicolaou could be used for this purpose because good morphological definition of spermatozoa is achieved.

Introduction. Preprofessional practice is essential for nursing students, as it allows them to apply their theoretical knowledge in real situations. However, this transitional period can affect students' training and future professional performance. Objective. The study seeks to explore the experiences of nursing students at the State University of Bolivar during their pre-professional internships in the period December 2022-April 2023, using a phenomenological perspective. Methodology. The study used a qualitative phenomenological methodology to understand the experiences of nursing students during pre-professional internships. In-depth interviews were conducted following a guide of open-ended questions with students who met the established criteria. The information was analyzed using Atlas its software to identify relevant categories and subcategories. Results: as a result, after the analysis of ten primary documents, three core categories were generated; experience and importance, interactions with patients and health team and academic aspects, from which twelve subcategories, four analysis networks and 120 quotes were generated by means of the hermeneutic unit created using atlas its software. Conclusion: nursing students value pre-professional internships for the acquisition of practical skills and confidence in their professional performance, and despite intrahospital violence, they learned the importance of humanized care and demonstrated the ability to provide quality care. It is recommended to reinforce the preparation in specific areas and to promote humanized care, and the good accompaniment of the academic tutors is highlighted. Area of study: nursing, higher education.