Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of liver fat. It has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide considered as a public health problem (global prevalence of 24-45%), diagnosis and treatment have become a real challenge due to the absence of characteristic symptoms and drugs that have been approved. Methodology:  An analysis of the most up-to-date literature available was carried out by compiling multiple sources of information from scientific articles, CPGs and systematic reviews of the last 5 years, using the search systems: Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, ResearchGate, Medigraphic and Cochrane Library Plus.  Results: NAFLD is a pathology whose prevalence increases in parallel to obesity and diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by the accumulation of fat in liver cells in those who do not have a history of high alcohol consumption and no other secondary cause is known. The diagnosis is made incidentally in most cases, the gold standard is liver biopsy, but the method of choice is ultrasound for its low cost and accessibility. At present there are new serological markers (NASH-CRN, NFS, SAF) that allow a timely diagnosis and follow-up for the control of the pathology. There is no definitive treatment. However, lifestyle changes and new drugs (cenicriviroc, elafibranor, obeticholic acid) based on pathophysiology allow to reduce steatosis and fibrosis. Conclusions: NAFLD is a prevalent pathology that requires a timely diagnosis that allows providing a comprehensive management of the pathology that prevents its progression and thus improves the quality of life of patients.

Introduction. Orthodontic movement aimed at closing posterior edentulous spaces is a subtle, but often difficult idea. Objective. To establish the basic considerations for molar mesialization. Methods. The literature was selected by searching the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Lilacs, Google Academic, Elsevier, Library Online, without language exclusion. The keywords used were molar mesialization, treatment, mini-implants. The search was limited to articles published from January 2012 to January 2023, including all languages. Results: After applying the inclusion criteria, fifteen articles were obtained and reviewed. Literature review of basic considerations for molar mesialization was performed. Conclusions: The available literature revealed that closure of absent molar spaces is possible, however, the movement requires longer treatment time among other clinical and surgical considerations.

Introduction: The completion stage in orthodontic treatment is perhaps one of the most arduous within each clinical case, because there are no clear rules that are applicable to each individual; however, there is a diversity of published information that argues, it could be applicable to correct occlusal harmony in the final stage of orthodontic treatments. Objective: To analyze the occlusal considerations for the completion of orthodontic treatment. Methods: This was done by means of an extensive electronic search in various digital databases such as Pubmed, Proquest, Lilacs, Web of Science, Elsevier, Google Academic in a period from September 2012 to September 2022, with no language limit. Results: A total of 534 articles were obtained, of which, belonging to Pubmed 57, Proquest 20, Lilacs 4, Web of Science 34, Elsevier 100, Google Academic 319. Subsequently, the selection criteria were applied, leaving 15 articles suitable for this literature review. Conclusions: The stability of occlusion after completion of orthodontic treatment should be planned as an important treatment objective from the diagnosis of each clinical case; in such a way, it will allow harmony and correct interaction of the hard and soft tissues of the cranio-cervical maxillofacial system, thus guaranteeing their stability and functional dynamics.

Introduction: The incorporation of computer technology in the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment planning of the cranio-cervical maxillofacial region in the health area, has evolved over the years to incorporate these technologies as an auxiliary in these procedures called artificial intelligence AI, in recent decades has helped to reduce costs, time, professional experience and certain errors. Objective: This literature review aimed to organize in an orderly manner the existing literature on the implementation of AI in health and orthodontic diagnosis, as well as the limitations of the subject. Methods: It was conducted by means of an extensive electronic search in various digital databases such as Pubmed, Springer, Cochrane, Taylor & Francis, and Web of Science, without time or language exclusion. Results: A total of 428 studies were registered in the database for this review. A first screening was performed leaving 376 articles; after this selection, the duplicated bibliography was eliminated, leaving 321 articles; studies that did not meet the selection criteria were excluded, resulting in forty included. Conclusions: From the existing literature it was found that due to its low accuracy AI could not be considered as a definitive diagnostic tool, but as an aid in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning since so far no machine could surpass human intelligence, but we must take into account that with the increase of research on AI in the health area, this could become a very valuable tool especially in the field of 3D printing, which helps in the manufacture of accessory devices that could enhance the treatment of head and neck disorders.

Foundations: Class III is considered as a malocclusion of complex treatment, presenting several treatment options related to age, this type of malocclusion brings with it a series of skeletal and dental compensations of the cervico-cranio maxillofacial region. According to studies, this malocclusion is present in a very small group of the population, and its affectations are marked, and its complexity increases with age. Objective: To know the different orthopedic/orthodontic treatment options for skeletal class III in mixed dentition. Methods: The literature was selected through a search in electronic databases: Pubmed, Cochrane, Lilacs, LILACS, and other electronic databases. Pubmed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Google Academic, Springer, Taylor & Francis. The information search was performed with temporality from January 2012 to January 2023, including all languages. Results: After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 280 articles were obtained and reviewed, then the selection of articles for analysis was made according to the selection criteria, leaving twenty selected articles. Conclusions: The available literature revealed that early intervention may lead to somewhat lengthy treatments, however, knowing how to start at an early age could prevent the establishment of anomalies and decrease their severity. In such a case, the patient would benefit from early treatment, which would decrease the psychological burden of possible facial variations and dental alterations during the formative period of the malocclusion; likewise, the combination of various fixed and removable appliances is adequate for the clinical management and control of the growth and development of the structures of the cervico-cranio maxillofacial region.

Foundations: Transverse maxillary deficiency, characterized by deficient growth of the maxilla, is strongly associated with dental crowding, crossbite, class II and class III malocclusion and temporomandibular joint dysfunction, thus, micro-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) was developed with the purpose of achieving maxillary expansion without surgical intervention. Objective: To analyze the changes in the maxilla after the use of MARPE in children aged 8 to 12 years. Methods: The literature was selected through a search in the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Springer, Cochrane Library, Google Academic, Proquest, Web of science, Taylor & Francis. The information was searched from January 2012 to January 2023, with the inclusion of all languages. Results: After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of sixteen articles were obtained and reviewed. Conclusions: The available literature showed that MARPE could reduce the loss of buccal alveolar bone thickness and marginal bone level in the first premolar area than conventional rapid palatal expansion. However, the low quality of the evidence makes these claims inconclusive. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to conduct new studies, preferably studies using significant samples and with a longer follow-up duration to identify long-term effects and recurrence.

Introduction. The world is facing a public health crisis, caused by the appearance, and spread of COVID-19. At the beginning, there was indisputable ignorance about the impact it would have on health. In addition, it was estimated that COVID-19 presented an increase in stress and its influence on the performance of the personnel of the exposed population, according to the capacity and degree of vulnerability that each professional presented when performing their duties. Goal. To determine how stress influences the performance of health personnel at the Type B Health Center in Patután, Latacunga. Methodology. Descriptive with a quantitative and qualitative approach; bibliographic documentary. With collection techniques made up of a questionnaire of sociodemographic and work variables AD-HOC, chronic work stress (MBI-HSS) and depression anxiety stress (DASS-21), with a population made up of forty-five professionals from the Patután Type B Health Center. Results. Regarding the perception of health personnel in the stress factor, 77.3% consider it mild, while 13.6% indicate it as moderate. The Mild Anxiety factor presenting 50% of the variance, as can be seen, 27.7% indicates moderate anxiety. Whereas perceptions of staff stress such as depressive disorders have a negative impact, affecting staff performance. Conclusion. Average levels of stress were evidenced, which influenced the performance of health personnel, thus demonstrating that, despite time, technological advances, health professionals are vulnerable even to stress, which influences the performance of personnel, in such a way, they put their performance to the test presenting emotional exhaustion, fatigue, anxiety and depression, as well as the risk of contagion for them and their family.