Artificial intelligence in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning of alterations of the maxillofacial cranio-cervico region in orthodontics. Review of the literature

Abstract

Introduction: The incorporation of computer technology in the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment planning of the cranio-cervical maxillofacial region in the health area, has evolved over the years to incorporate these technologies as an auxiliary in these procedures called artificial intelligence AI, in recent decades has helped to reduce costs, time, professional experience and certain errors. Objective: This literature review aimed to organize in an orderly manner the existing literature on the implementation of AI in health and orthodontic diagnosis, as well as the limitations of the subject. Methods: It was conducted by means of an extensive electronic search in various digital databases such as Pubmed, Springer, Cochrane, Taylor & Francis, and Web of Science, without time or language exclusion. Results: A total of 428 studies were registered in the database for this review. A first screening was performed leaving 376 articles; after this selection, the duplicated bibliography was eliminated, leaving 321 articles; studies that did not meet the selection criteria were excluded, resulting in forty included. Conclusions: From the existing literature it was found that due to its low accuracy AI could not be considered as a definitive diagnostic tool, but as an aid in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning since so far no machine could surpass human intelligence, but we must take into account that with the increase of research on AI in the health area, this could become a very valuable tool especially in the field of 3D printing, which helps in the manufacture of accessory devices that could enhance the treatment of head and neck disorders.