Cognitive behavioral therapy vs. non-pharmacological physical therapies for pain management in orthodontics. A Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction. In orthodontics, pain represents a frequent and negative experience for patients undergoing treatment with dental appliances. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and non-pharmacological physical therapies have emerged as promising approaches for pain management in orthodontics. Objective. To review updated information on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and non-pharmacological physical therapies in managing pain during orthodontic treatment. Methodology. A narrative, documentary, and descriptive study was conducted using a selective search performed in databases obtained from DeCS and MeSH, including PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane, and Google Academic, using keywords and Boolean operators. Results. Thirty studies were reviewed. Both CBT and non-pharmacological physical therapies, such as physical therapy, acupuncture, LED phototherapy, and mechanical vibrations, are effective in reducing orthodontic pain. CBT improves pain management through cognitive restructuring, relaxation, and coping skills training. Physical therapies relieve pain through direct physiological modulation. Conclusion. The combination of CBT and non-pharmacological physical therapies may offer a comprehensive and effective approach to pain management in orthodontic patients. These techniques can enhance patients' overall well-being, reduce dependence on pain medications, and ensure continuity and success of orthodontic treatment. General area of study: Dentistry. Specific area of study: Orthodontics. Type of study: Literature review.