Introduction. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a ginglimo-arthrodial joint that actively participates in jaw movements. When exposed to pressure, some structure may be compromised in its morphology causing an alteration in the biomechanical properties of the cartilage and bone, especially the mandibular condylar cartilage, and different pathologies may develop, such as osteoarthritis, which usually affects the condylar cartilage and underlying tissues. Objective. Describe the use of tissue engineering as treatments for Osteoarthritis of the TMJ. Methodology. The present research had an exploratory and descriptive approach with an exhaustive search in several digital libraries such as PubMed, Scielo, Dialnet, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Among temporomandibular disorders, osteoarthritis is prevalent and manifests with pain, crepitus, and limitation of movement. Diagnosis includes advanced clinical and radiographic evaluations, and treatments range from noninvasive options to surgical interventions, with tissue engineering and stem cells as promising approaches for joint regeneration. Conclusion. It can be concluded that tissue engineering using stem cells has been highlighted as a promising method for the repair of affected tissues in this pathology.

Introduction. Berloque dermatitis is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of hyperpigmentation in sun-exposed areas caused by the interaction of cosmetic products containing furocoumarins with ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This condition, although not dangerous, has a significant impact on the patient's aesthetic and emotional well-being. Understanding its aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment is crucial to address both the physical and psychological aspects of the disease. Objective. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of Berloque dermatitis, addressing its aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on how to prevent and manage this condition, as well as to understand its aesthetic and psychological impact on patients. Methodology. The research is based on an up-to-date scientific literature review on Berloque dermatitis. A comprehensive search of medical and scientific databases was conducted to identify relevant studies on the condition. The methodological approach includes the collection and analysis of data on the aetiology of the dermatitis, its pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic methods and treatment options. In addition, aspects of prevention and the aesthetic and psychological impact of the disease were considered. The methodology focused on a critical review of relevant studies and articles to provide a comprehensive overview of the condition. Results. Berloque dermatitis manifests as hyperpigmentation on sun-exposed areas that have been in contact with photosensitizing cosmetic products. The lesions are usually brown, well demarcated and have a distribution that follows the application pattern of the products. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination and, in some cases, laboratory tests such as the photo patch test. Treatment includes prevention through education on the use of cosmetic products and sun protection, as well as the application of topical depigmenting treatments and, in severe cases, systemic treatments. Early intervention is crucial to minimize the aesthetic and psychological impact of the disease. Conclusion. Berloque dermatitis is a condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. Prevention is key, and dermatologists should educate patients about the risks of photosensitizing products and the importance of sun protection. Effective treatment combines strategies to improve the appearance of the skin and address the emotional impact of the condition. A comprehensive approach that includes both physical treatment and psychological support can significantly improve patients' quality of life and help them cope with the challenges associated with Berloque dermatitis. General area of study: Medicine. Specific area of study: Dermatology. Type of study: Original articles.

Introduction. Reconstructive surgery is a medical specialty dedicated to the restoration of the body's form and function after considerable damage caused by cancer, congenital malformations, burns or other injuries. This discipline seeks not only to improve aesthetic appearance but also to restore functionality lost due to various medical conditions. Throughout its evolution, it has incorporated technological advances and innovative techniques to address the complex challenges presented by these procedures, ranging from skin grafting to microsurgery. Objective. The main objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the basic concepts and common techniques in reconstructive surgery, examine its historical evolution, and analyze its importance in modern medicine. It aims to explore the various surgical techniques, technological advances, and the ethical and psychological challenges associated with this specialty to provide a comprehensive view on its impact and application in clinical practice. Methodology. The methodology employed in this study is a comprehensive review of the available scientific and medical literature on reconstructive surgery. Academic sources, research articles, and relevant clinical cases were reviewed to obtain a detailed overview of basic concepts, common surgical techniques, and recent advances in the field. The review also included a critical evaluation of the technical, logistical, ethical, and psychological challenges associated with reconstructive surgery, as well as the importance of rehabilitation and postoperative support. Results. The literature review revealed that reconstructive surgery encompasses a wide range of procedures aimed at restoring both body form and function. Among the most common techniques are skin grafting, flaps and microsurgery, each with its own indications and complications. Technological advances, such as 3D printing and tissue engineering, have improved treatment options, allowing for more precise surgical planning and customized solutions. In addition, several challenges were identified, including the management of patient expectations and the need for effective coordination within the medical team. Ethical and psychological aspects are crucial, and psychological support along with physical rehabilitation are fundamental to the success of the postoperative process. Conclusion. Reconstructive surgery plays a pivotal role in restoring the body's form and function following significant injuries. Despite advances and successes in this discipline, it faces technical, logistical, and ethical challenges that require careful attention. Effective communication with patients and realistic management of expectations, as well as a holistic approach that includes psychological support and physical rehabilitation, are essential to optimize outcomes. Technological advances continue to improve techniques and treatment options, offering new opportunities for personalized and effective reconstruction. General study area: Medicine. Specific area of study: Plastic surgery. Type of study:  Original articles.

Introduction: Cancer is a health problem for men that increases proportionally to the aging population. Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge about oral cancer prevention in institutionalized older adults. Method: Quasi-experimental development research, intervention, before and after without a control group to the 32 older adults from the Güines Grandparents' House who met the inclusion criteria, from November 2022 to November 2023. A Knowledge survey on oral cancer prevention before and after the educational intervention. Results: Initially 78.1% had an inadequate level of knowledge. Post-intervention it rose to 93.8%. Conclusions: Knowledge about oral cancer prevention in older adults increased significantly after applying the educational intervention with the use of affective-participatory techniques and teaching aids.

Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common anomaly in newborns, especially premature infants. It can lead to serious cardiac and pulmonary problems. Although treatments exist, the best way to manage it is still debated, and clearer guidelines for care are needed. Objective: To provide a comprehensive update on the management of patent ductus arteriosus in neonates. Methodology: A non-systematic narrative literature review was conducted of databases such as: PubMed, SciELO, Library, EBSCO, Google Scholar, DynaMed, Science Direct, Cochrane and Anales de Pediatría de la Asociación Española. Results: A total of 64 results were found from which 30 papers were selected that met the inclusion criteria. Discussion: The management of PDA is with drugs such as indomethacin or ibuprofen, and when these do not work, surgery is recommended. New alternatives such as the use of paracetamol, percutaneous closure or combined therapy are currently being evaluated. Conclusion: In PDA, the effectiveness of medication and surgical interventions is highlighted, and long-term studies and personalized approaches have been found to be productive.

Introduction. Empagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor that was first marketed as an oral hypoglycemic agent. Over time, numerous studies have demonstrated that this molecule has significant cardioprotective effects. Objective. To describe the pharmacological properties, cardiovascular benefits, and cardioprotective mechanisms of empagliflozin, providing information on its safety and efficacy profile based on available research. Methodology. A narrative review of the literature was conducted on the databases Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, ScienceDirect, LILACS, SciELO, EMBASE, Scopus, and Latindex, describing the pharmacological properties, cardiovascular benefits, and cardioprotective mechanisms of empagliflozin. Results. Empagliflozin has been shown to significantly reduce the combined risk of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, as well as a reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors such as empagliflozin. Conclusion. This is a comprehensive molecule with excellent hypoglycemic and cardioprotective properties, as well as an effective and safe therapeutic option in the management of different forms of heart failure, providing significant benefits in reducing hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality, both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Introduction. In orthodontics, pain represents a frequent and negative experience for patients undergoing treatment with dental appliances. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and non-pharmacological physical therapies have emerged as promising approaches for pain management in orthodontics. Objective. To review updated information on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and non-pharmacological physical therapies in managing pain during orthodontic treatment. Methodology. A narrative, documentary, and descriptive study was conducted using a selective search performed in databases obtained from DeCS and MeSH, including PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane, and Google Academic, using keywords and Boolean operators. Results. Thirty studies were reviewed. Both CBT and non-pharmacological physical therapies, such as physical therapy, acupuncture, LED phototherapy, and mechanical vibrations, are effective in reducing orthodontic pain. CBT improves pain management through cognitive restructuring, relaxation, and coping skills training. Physical therapies relieve pain through direct physiological modulation. Conclusion. The combination of CBT and non-pharmacological physical therapies may offer a comprehensive and effective approach to pain management in orthodontic patients. These techniques can enhance patients' overall well-being, reduce dependence on pain medications, and ensure continuity and success of orthodontic treatment. General area of study: Dentistry. Specific area of study: Orthodontics. Type of study: Literature review.