Proprioceptive exercise system for the development of balance and inclusion of students with hearing disabilities

Abstract

Introduction. The relationship between hearing difficulties and balance determines that, to improve the inclusion process of students with hearing impairments in Physical Education, the implementation and adaptation of exercises aimed at developing and compensating for balance is contemplated. Objective. To design a system of proprioceptive exercises to improve balance and the inclusion process of students with hearing impairments in Physical Education. Methodology. The research was based on a mixed approach with an experimental design, in its pre-experimental variant. It was developed in an educational institution in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador, occupying four stages: diagnosis, elaboration, implementation, and validation. The theoretical methods used were: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, and modeling, which allowed to delve deeper into the theoretical framework of the research and, in turn, to model the proposal. As empirical methods, quantitative observation and documentary review were used. Among the techniques employed were the observation guide and the BESTest balance assessment test. The sample was non-probabilistic, and the inclusion criterion was 6 students with mild to moderate hearing impairments. Results. A three-stage exercise system is provided, including recreational activities, proprioceptive exercises, and sensory-motor circuits. Considering its structure, components, and adaptability, it contributed to improved balance in students with hearing impairments, demonstrating progress in both inclusion and motor development. Conclusions. The proprioceptive exercise system developed favored balance correction and improved the inclusion process in physical education for participating students with hearing impairments. This confirms the importance of progressively adapted exercises with inclusive objectives in physical education classes to achieve true inclusion. General Area of Study: Education. Specific Area of Study: Inclusive Physical Education. Article Type: Original.