Biomechanical design of the knockout workstation in cattle slaughter

Productive activities with exposure to static load cause many musculoskeletal disorders, this work analyzes and ergonomically structures the cattle slaughter workstation in the humid area of ​​Camal in the Municipality of Ambato, for this it establishes a significance analysis of the variables with BIO-mec computer tool. This research begins with a work study through field observation to identify the activities, tasks, execution times related to the cattle knockout position in the Ambato Municipal Camal in the cattle slaughter area that are related to the management manual loading and the adoption of an uncomfortable posture in its execution that can cause overload of corporal dispositions such as: joints, tendons, tendon sheaths, ligaments, muscles in the worker. Then a significance analysis of the variables determined by the BIO-mec method is carried out considering characteristics: physiological of the worker, weight of the sustained load, critical posture of the worker, duration of the efforts, angles of the body segments and the percentage of the maximum bearable load reached in each joint to establish their importance and modify the job position until complying with the limits established by Ecuadorian legislation. The design result determines a negative impact on the maximum permissible loads of elbow, shoulder, torso, hip, knee and ankle with the use of a platform adjustable to the size of the cattle, improving the posture angles of: 68.6 ° for the ankle, 132 ° for knee, 92 ° hip, 45 ° for L5 / S1, 51 ° for shoulder, 36 ° for wrist. With a suspended load of 4kg. For a worker of 170 cm, 75 kg of weight and of masculine gender.

Manolo Alexander Córdova Suárez, Luis Javier Tapia Vasco, Zoila Eliana Zambrano Ochoa, Juan Pablo Muquinche Puca

6-17

Ecotourism and influencing factors in the tourist experience during excursions in natural areas: Laguna del Quilotoa

Introduction. The UNWTO definition regarding the term “ecotourism”, involves all forms of tourism that allow the enjoyment of the landscape richness, but at the same time, there is awareness and minimize the ecological footprint of the tourist. Objective. To analyze the factors that affect the tourist experience in the natural resource called Laguna del Quilotoa, which has a great acceptance of landscape beauty and is part of the tourist attractions of the Los Ilinizas Ecological Reserve, located in the Zumbahua. Methodology. The research was based on a review of statistical data obtained from the Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of the Environment, Central Bank of Ecuador, in order to highlight the relevance of tourism in the country, and of course, the number of visitors to the Los Ilinizas Ecological Reserve. Thus, the bibliographic review of scientific articles was carried out. Conclusion. The analysis of the factors that affect the tourist experience has led to the generation of tourism products being approached from 2 approaches that the tourist seeks, covering their basic needs, the need to travel, simply changing their environment, and, the second approach that is necessary to stop to analyze on the emotions of the tourist, as if it were a life of extraordinary floating and thus generate a comprehensive tourist experience. It is imperative that tourism managers objectively manage the reality of the product if it is under development or is a developed product, and ensure the quality of the tourism product, since the imagery of tourism managers may differ from visitors This aspect is important to open up new panoramas of attraction for visitors.

Carmen Isabel Vaca Vaca, Johanna Gabriela Monge Martínez

47-59