Introduction: In this project it is pertinent to manage commercial productive activities of sustainability, customer loyalty, penetration in new markets and innovation by directing efforts and resources in the implementation of Multivariate Exploratory Factor Analysis of consumption patterns of necessities in MSMEs in the province of Chimborazo year 2024. Objectives: To examine the consumption patterns of necessities within the MSME sector in the province of Chimborazo, using a multivariate approach based on exploration factor analysis. Methodology: quantitative approach, based on the application of multivariate exploratory factor analysis as a central statistical technique to identify latent patterns in the consumption habits of necessities in the context of MSMEs in the province of Chimborazo. Results: Milk consumption does not generate significant differences in median salaries. The variations between age groups are minimal and not statistically significant, indicating that age alone does not significantly influence salary within this sample. Conclusions: the data are consistent, and homoscedasticity and homogeneity are met, but not normality. There is no evidence of an association between milk consumption, age, and income level. General area of study: Business Administration. Specific area of study: Commercial productive activities of sustainability. Item type: Original.

Introduction: Disaster risk management governance is a strategy aimed at developing regulatory models that address vulnerability through various actions in the social, environmental, economic, legal, and political spheres. Objective: This study evaluates the institutional governance of disaster risk management in the Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Loreto using the tool “Guidelines for Disaster Risk Management Governance in Decentralized Autonomous Municipal and Metropolitan Governments” for the progressive increase of strategic actions. Methodology: The study presents a non-experimental, descriptive, field and documentary design. Semi-structured interview techniques and documentary review were applied to fifteen areas involved in the GADM of Loreto. The information was processed using dynamic matrices in Microsoft Excel, where the scores assigned to each strategic action within the four priorities were integrated, weighing each priority equally at 25%. Results: Substantial efforts have been made to identify threats, exposure, and vulnerability in the territory. There are also a consolidated institutional structure and mechanisms for inter-institutional cooperation, as well as active community participation through risk management committees and response brigades. The installed capacity for risk management of the Loreto GADM is 43%. This percentage places it in Phase 3 of governance, with a medium level, reflecting significant challenges in financing and technical monitoring. Conclusion: It is necessary to optimize resources and strengthen technical personnel to consolidate more effective, coordinated, and sustainable management through the implementation of the proposed Action Plan, aimed at building a resilient canton. General Area of Study: Environment. Specific area of study: Risk and Natural Disaster Management. Type of study: Original article.

Introduction. The incorporation of digital platforms in technical education has become an essential pedagogical strategy to improve the understanding of complex concepts in automotive training. Electude as an interactive learning environment, offers simulations and virtual practices that strengthen the training in Automotive Electricity and Electronics. Objective. To evaluate the impact of using the Electude platform on the teaching-learning process of Electricity and Electronics in second-year technical high school students. Methodology. A quantitative quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest design and control group was developed. The sample consisted of 40 students divided into two groups: the experimental group used the Electude platform for eight weeks, while the control group applied traditional methods. Learning tests, technical skills assessments, and satisfaction questionnaires were applied to measure the impact of the intervention. Results. Students who used the platform achieved an average increase of 16% in knowledge tests, technical skill development, and reported greater motivation and practical understanding of automotive electrical and electronic circuits compared to the control group. Conclusion. The Electude platform is an effective pedagogical resource for strengthening technical competencies and promoting meaningful learning in the automotive field, contributing to modernizing teaching-learning processes and fostering student autonomy. General Area of Study: Education. Specific area of study: Technical automotive education. Type of study: Original articles.

Introduction.  Ecuador is characterized as a multi-hazard country, highly susceptible to natural disasters, which requires territorial planning focused on reducing and addressing the effects of hydrometeorological and geological hazards that are intensifying with climate change. Despite the country's commitment, the implementation of effective strategies at the municipal level faces challenges due to a lack of technical, financial, and institutional capacity resources. Objective: The objective of this research was to conduct a systematic review of documents on strategies implemented by municipalities in Planning Zone 2 (Napo and Orellana provinces) focused on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). Methodology: The methodology applied was a qualitative and documentary, systematic and descriptive approach, where relevant documents, research, ordinances, and resolutions were searched in academic databases and official websites of Decentralized Autonomous Governments (GADs). Ultimately, 18 documents were selected for analysis. Results: The results show that adaptation and resilience actions are present in the literature, but their practical evaluation is urgently needed. Conclusion: At the local level, one of the main strategies is reflected in the issuance of municipal ordinances, which regulate planning and territorial management, and the operation of risk management systems. In addition to these regulations, strategic projects obtained from the National Public Procurement Service (SERCOP) were identified, which include the implementation of advanced technology tools, studies, and structural measures. The implementation of initiatives to combat climate change is also highlighted. General Area of Study: Environment. Specific area of study: Risk Prevention and Management. Type of study: Systematic Review.