Systematic review of disaster risk reduction strategies in the municipalities of Zone 2 in Ecuador

Abstract

Introduction.  Ecuador is characterized as a multi-hazard country, highly susceptible to natural disasters, which requires territorial planning focused on reducing and addressing the effects of hydrometeorological and geological hazards that are intensifying with climate change. Despite the country's commitment, the implementation of effective strategies at the municipal level faces challenges due to a lack of technical, financial, and institutional capacity resources. Objective: The objective of this research was to conduct a systematic review of documents on strategies implemented by municipalities in Planning Zone 2 (Napo and Orellana provinces) focused on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). Methodology: The methodology applied was a qualitative and documentary, systematic and descriptive approach, where relevant documents, research, ordinances, and resolutions were searched in academic databases and official websites of Decentralized Autonomous Governments (GADs). Ultimately, 18 documents were selected for analysis. Results: The results show that adaptation and resilience actions are present in the literature, but their practical evaluation is urgently needed. Conclusion: At the local level, one of the main strategies is reflected in the issuance of municipal ordinances, which regulate planning and territorial management, and the operation of risk management systems. In addition to these regulations, strategic projects obtained from the National Public Procurement Service (SERCOP) were identified, which include the implementation of advanced technology tools, studies, and structural measures. The implementation of initiatives to combat climate change is also highlighted. General Area of Study: Environment. Specific area of study: Risk Prevention and Management. Type of study: Systematic Review.