Introduction.  One of people's daily problems is verifying the status of various auto parts that are distributed in large quantities, because several spare parts warehouses that distribute mechanical parts depend on it to satisfy customers and their environment in general. To cover such needs, artificial neural networks have been developed that will classify these elements according to their physical characteristics. The acquisition of mechanical parts in the automobile industry is repeated countless times, so they can purchase defective mechanical parts. Objective.  Classification of mechanical elements using artificial neural networks for use in quality control of their physical characteristics. Methodology. A data collection methodology is applied that will help train the artificial neural network. The artificial neural network will be able to determine the quality status of the mechanical element based on the collected image data and will act as training of the neural network in the following process. Results. In the final test, 200 of these classified metal joints were used and it was observed that 10 had physical defects. Conclusion. Convolutional neural networks can be used to classify mechanical parts, extract their features from images, and then use them as a neural network database.

Introduction. Virtual education contributes to the development of the learning process through the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT). It promotes students' skills and knowledge at their own pace, during a predetermined period; Being an open system controlled by the user, it facilitates the exchange of ideas and knowledge through various spaces under the guidance and support of educators (that is, teachers who direct educational activities). Objective. The purpose of this study was to theoretically substantiate the study variables; diagnose the level of development of reading skills; and identify what resources applied in reading comprehension. Methodology. The qualitative and quantitative approach is adopted, the design was non-experimental, the exploratory and descriptive level, the sample was made up of 38 students, the diagnosis of difficulties in reading comprehension was used to identify the technological resources used by teachers. Results. It was found that performance is insufficient (07.9), it does not encourage communication by externalizing difficulties in understanding the written text (06.3), and it does not make inferences (06.8). Through the literature review, there was a correlation between problems in the use of technological teaching resources and reading skills. Conclusion. That the level of reading skills raises the need to use technology, especially in students who have difficulty reading and understanding texts, in this way it contributes to academic performance, expressiveness, interactivity, autonomy and creativity. General study area: Pedagogy. Specific area of ​​study: meaningful learning, understanding, technological pedagogical resources, virtuality. Study type: Original articles

Los equipos de rotación son equipos que con mucha frecuencia se encuentran instalados en toda planta industrial y los rodamientos son los componentes que con mayor frecuencia fallan. Este motiva a que anticiparse a la ocurrencia del fallo en estos elementos, conlleve benéficamente a la reducción de pérdidas ocasionado por estas averías. En tal virtud, realizar un estudio de revisión sistemática de literatura (LSR), que permita conocer cuáles son los principales problemas que abordan las investigaciones en el campo de predicción de la vida útil remanente en rodamientos, así como identificar cuáles son los modelos de Machine Learning más empleados, resulta relevante. Para el desarrollo de este estudio se aplicó la metodología PRISMA, y el protocolo de Kitchenham para garantizar la confiabilidad de los resultados. Como resultado de la etapa selección de información se identificaron 35 artículos publicados en el periodo de 2018 a 2021, los cuales fueron sometidos a análisis. Se identificaron tres problemas que abordan los diferentes estudios: la extracción de características, la identificación de la etapa de degradación y la implementación de modelos generalizables. Los modelos más empleados corresponden al campo de Deep Learning.

Introduction. Production trends, due to the lack of productive land, are changing every day. Alternatives that are friendly to the environment and farmers are sought to produce healthy food. The research was conducted in the community of Pantaño, province of Chimborazo. Objective The objective of the research was to evaluate the production of three types of lettuce with two nutrient solutions under a hydroponic system under a greenhouse in the community of Pantaño. Methodology. The study considered 3 varieties of lettuce V1: Jade, V2: Scarlet and V3: Starfighter and two nutrient solutions. The NFT method (Nutrient Film Technique) was used, six treatments were established, each with three repetitions, using a completely randomized design (DBCA). The analysis of variance was performed, and the means were compared using Tukey's separation of means at 5% probability. Results. The results that stood out in terms of root length at 45 days, V1 presented the best results with an average of 27.75 cm. In terms of plant height, varieties V2 and V3 achieved the best averages, with 17.56 and 16.43 cm respectively. In terms of yield, it was observed that V1 responded better with solution 2, obtaining an average of 37,612.5 kg ha-1. Conclusions. V1 stood out for its root length at 45 days and its fresh weight yield, obtaining superior results compared to the other varieties. General study area: Agriculture, Specific study area: Agriculture.

Introduction. This article is part of the area of study of criminal law, focusing on the analysis of the control of the punitive power of the State, in addition to being in contrast with constitutional law, which recognizes the application of indigenous justice as a manifestation of the experience of indigenous communities. The relevance of the topic is oriented to clarify the problems that arise when the non bis in idem principle is violated, since the ordinary justice system does not decline jurisdiction when a crime against the right to property has been tried. Objective. To determine the respect of the non bis in idem principle in crimes of the right to property when judged by the indigenous justice system in the community of Oñacapac in the Saraguro canton, province of Loja. Methodology. Mixed study; using a descriptive and exploratory analysis and foundation. The methods used were analytical and logical-deductive; and the technique was the interview. Results. The main result is to highlight those problems that arise in the administration of justice when the non bis in idem principle is not respected; and thus, to understand in a more appropriate way the social reality of Ecuador. Conclusion. If there is a violation of the non bis in idem principle producing a situation of defenselessness since a person, despite having been judged, must be judged again in another judicial channel.

Introduction: The design of the experience in Guano Pueblo Mágico aims to revitalize the cultural and textile heritage of the town, generating economic opportunities for the community, in addition to motivating the strengthening of the cultural identity of the local population. Objectives: the main problem faced by Guano is manifested in the limited presence of technically structured tourism products. Currently, there are only two tourist experiences based on intangible cultural heritage, which have not yet achieved a significant positioning in the market, because the promotion focuses on the presentation of attractions, without a clear focus on tourist products, which limits the interest of visitors. Methodology: the methodology used corresponds to an ethnographic, qualitative, and non-exploratory research process, which included the participation of the bearers of the traditional artisan technique of Guano Knotted Carpets who are still dedicated to the production of this type of carpets. Results: Key results of the project include the identification and documentation of intangible cultural heritage for adequate tourism interpretation, the creation of an inclusive and sustainable tourism product in English and Spanish, which incorporates practical and experiential activities focused on the transmission of knowledge and symbolic and historical value of the traditional artisanal technique used to make the Guano knotted carpets. Conclusions: the tourist experience provides the opportunity to involve people with disabilities, with the aim of generating a more active and significant participation, which in turn seeks to translate into greater satisfaction and loyalty towards the destination, as well as strengthening the use PCI and the promotion of one of the most recognized local craft techniques in the national territory. General study area: tourism and English. Specific area of ​​study: creative tourism and English. Type of study: case study, non-exploratory and qualitative.

Introduction: the central problem of this research derives from a student from the Carmen Mora Encalada educational unit, diagnosed with Asperger syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder that affects communication and socialization, however, despite having cognitive skills and enthusiasm to learn, the student faces difficulties in social interactions and in adapting to noisy or unpredictable environments. Objectives: This is why through this important work we plan to answer the research question: ¿Does the application of a strategy of playful games in the physical education class generate inclusion in first-year high school students diagnosed with Asperger syndrome?  Methodology: a mixed approach was used with theoretical and empirical methods and two elementary instruments such as the interview and observation sheet, which were applied to the student and the Physical Education teachers. Results: it was found that teachers perceive improvements in the participation and emotional well-being of students with Asperger syndrome as a result of the implementation of the playful games strategy. Conclusions: however, challenges persist in terms of cognitive, procedural and attitudinal skills that must be corrected. General area of ​​study: Education. Specific area of ​​study: Learning Disorders. Type of study: Original articles.

Introduction: Bridge infrastructure is a fundamental part of the road system; bridges are currently used for the interconnection of geographical points that cannot be reached by solid road. Ecuador, being a territory with a high seismic hazard, requires an analysis under lateral loads coming from seismic action. This case study will address the structural capacity and performance level of the Puerto Real bridge infrastructure, including the flexural and shear analysis of the header beams, the flexural-compression and shear analysis of the piers and piles, as well as the evaluation of the performance of the portal piers. Objective: Evaluate the structural behavior and seismic performance level of the piers of the Puerto Real bridge located in the city of Portoviejo, under the action of vertical loads and lateral loads from seismic action, through the development of a mathematical model in the CSI Bridge program and applying the current AASHTO LRFD standards, for the formulation of possible structural improvement strategies in the bridge piers. Methodology: Review of the drawings and specifications of the existing bridge, evaluation of the loads acting on the infrastructure. Elaboration of the mathematical model of the Puerto Real bridge structure in the CSI Bridge program. Development of a non-linear static analysis of the bridge gantry consisting of piers and header beam, to obtain the seismic performance of the existing structural system of the bridge. Results: Header beams 1 and 2 demonstrate appropriate behavior, i.e. within the elastic range for negative moment with a critical demand/capacity ratio of 0.72 and 0.72 respectively. The shear design is satisfactory, head beam 1 has a demand/capacity ratio of 0.41 and head beam 2 of 0.30. The piles comply with the required flexural compression capacity, the critical demand/capacity of 0.484 for pile 1 and 0.465 for pile 2, while the shear demand/capacity ratio is 0.52 for pile 1 and 0.47 for pile 2, proving that these elements have a good confinement for the AASHTO earthquake with Tr=1000 yr. The piles have an adequate flexural-compression behavior with a critical demand/capacity ratio of 0.756 for piles in pile 1 and 0.945 for piles in pile 2, while the shear demand/capacity ratio is 1.23 for piles in pile 1 and 0.91 for piles in pile 2. Regarding the seismic performance level, for Pile 1 Y-Y portal is at Severe Damage (Sd3) with a performance point of Sa=0.66g, Δ=14.60 cm, for Pile 1 X-X portal is at Severe Damage (Sd3) with a performance point of Sa=0.384g, Δ=21.60 cm. On the other hand, at the seismic performance level, for the Y-Y Gantry of Stack 2 is in Moderate Damage (Sd2) with a performance point of Sa=0.63g, Δ=4.70 cm, for the X-X Gantry of Stack 2 is in Severe Damage (Sd3) with a performance point of Sa=0.63g, Δ=4.70 cm, for the X-X Gantry of Stack 1 is in Severe Damage (Sd3) with a performance point of Sa=0.384g, Δ=21.60 cm.  Conclusion: The load analysis allowed obtaining the most critical and unfavorable condition for the bridge infrastructure, thus determining the maximum demands of the Puerto Real bridge through the three-dimensional numerical model in CSI Bridge. The head girders are designed to flex correctly in an elastic manner for an R=1 for negative moment and positive moment. The columns have the necessary flexural and compressive strength, as well as an adequate confinement that will guarantee the incursion into the inelastic range. The pile proposal for the Puerto Real Bridge complies with the demand/capacity ratio at flexo-compression and shear. Type of article: original.

Introducción: el estudio se enfoca en el uso de Google Sites como una estrategia didáctica, innovadora para mejorar el aprendizaje del Movimiento Rectilíneo Uniformemente Variado MRUV, en estudiantes de primero de bachillerato de la unidad educativa Liceo Naval Quito, durante el segundo trimestre del período académico 2023 – 2024. Objetivos: diseñar un sitio web mediante Google Sites para mejorar el aprendizaje del MRUV en los estudiantes. Implementar la estrategia didáctica B-learning, utilizando Google Sites y el apoyo del simulador digital PhET como herramienta tecnológica de innovación y evaluar su efectividad en la mejora del rendimiento académico. Metodología: el enfoque metodológico utilizado fue el "Blended learning" o aprendizaje combinado. Esta estrategia pedagógica integra la instrucción presencial con actividades y recursos digitales, con el fin de aprovechar los beneficios de ambos entornos de aprendizaje. Para esto se aplicó el método descriptivo e inferencial donde se recolectaron datos mediante un test cuantitativo realizado en Google Sites. Se utilizó el software estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), y se realizó pruebas de diferencias de medias y normalidad para determinar si existe variación significativa entre los resultados del pre-test y post-test, así como la aceptación de la hipótesis planteada. Resultados: Descriptivos: la aplicación del pre test de física realizado a los cuarenta estudiantes fueron de 6,02 / 10 y luego de emplear la estrategia didáctica Google Sites, los resultados Post test, fueron de 7,68 / 10 que indica un resultado positivo de la estrategia didáctica implementada. Inferencial: con la aplicación del software estadístico SPSS a los valores pre test y post test recopilados, se realizó el test de normalidad dando resultado la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon, estableciéndose la aceptación de la hipótesis planteada. Conclusiones: La implementación de Google Sites como estrategia didáctica es eficaz para mejorar la comprensión y el rendimiento de los estudiantes de primero de bachillerato en la Unidad Educativa Liceo Naval Quito. Área de estudio general: Educación. Área de estudio específica: Física y Matemática. Tipo de estudio: original.

Introduction: In Ecuador, banana production stands out in the coastal region, specifically in the provinces of Los Ríos, Guayas, and El Oro. This study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating traps for the control of two important pests in the cultivation of bananas. banana (Musa paradisiaca): the black weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) and the striped weevil (Metamasius hemipterus). These pests are usually controlled with insecticides that are highly harmful to both human health and the environment. Objective: Identify the most effective trap and the most effective insecticide to control these pests. Methodology: A 2x2+2 factorial design was used that included 6 treatments with 4 repetitions. The factors evaluated were traps (factor a) and insecticides (factor b). The effectiveness of the insecticides benfuracarb and permethrin was analyzed, applied in doses of 20 cc per trap, both sandwich and dulzain types. The total number of insects per trap was evaluated, as well as the number of live and dead insects 2, 4 and 6 days after application, for 8 weeks. Results: They indicated that the sandwich trap was effective for the control of weevils, capturing a total of 2,491 individuals. Benfuracarb turned out to be the most efficient insecticide, with 2,462 individuals captured and a mortality rate of 70.13%. Conclusion: The sandwich trap demonstrated high effectiveness, while benfuracarb stood out as the most efficient insecticide for the control of weevils in banana cultivation in Ecuador.