Tráfico vehicular y peatonal, un indicador de sostenibilidad urbana para la ciudad de Cuenca
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Publicado:
Jan 5, 2023
Palabras clave:
Indicador, tráfico vehicular, tráfico peatonal, sustentabilidad urbana.
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Resumen
Tanto el tráfico vehicular y peatonal es un problema que actualmente están viviendo las ciudades en desarrollo, con el crecimiento de la población y del parque automotor, los espacios de movilización experimentan una congestión afectando la sustentabilidad de la ciudad. Para lograr un pronto análisis de este problema se han creado indicadores que describen cualitativa o cuantitativamente un fenómeno, pero su amplio estudio ha generado una extensa lista de estos, en donde las regiones con recursos limitados y sin cultura de recolección de información, son inaplicables y poco confiables. Por ende, el objetivo de este estudio se evalúa un marco de indicadores sostenibles que describan el fenómeno de tráfico vehicular y peatonal para una zona específica, y obtener una lista de indicadores aplicables y relevantes. La metodología comienza con la identificación de fuentes bibliográficas y la selección de indicadores ya comprobados para obtener una lista inicial, como segundo paso se zonificó esta lista de indicadores en base de opinión de expertos cumpliendo los criterios impuestos, finalmente se comprobó que estos indicadores son aplicables. En este estudio, se obtuvo una lista de indicadores verificados, medibles y aplicables para cualquier zona de la ciudad de Cuenca y una metodología de análisis que presenta un amplio potencial para la zonificación de indicadores sostenibles, queda claro que esta selección se basa absolutamente en la opinión del juicio de expertos.
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Hurtado Duarte, E. A., Romero González, R. R., & Paucar Camacho, J. A. (2023). Tráfico vehicular y peatonal, un indicador de sostenibilidad urbana para la ciudad de Cuenca. Ciencia Digital, 7(1), 113-137. https://doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v7i1.2452
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Robles Garrote, P., & Rojas, M. del C. (2015). La validación por juicio de expertos: dos investigaciones cualitativas en Lingüística aplicada. Revista Nebrija, 18, 124–139. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26378/rnlael918259
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Tran, N. H., Yang, S. H., & Huang, T. (2021). Comparative analysis of traffic-and-transportation-planning-related indicators in sustainable transportation infrastructure rating systems. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 15, 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1722868
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Zhao, P., & Hu, H. (2019). Geographical patterns of traffic congestion in growing megacities: big data analytics from Beijing. Cities, 92, 164–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.03.022
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AL21 Red de redes de desarrollo local sostenible. (2010). Sistema municipal de indicadores de sostenibilidad. https://www.mitma.gob.es/recursos_mfom/pdf/82B973EA-5970-46F0-8AE6-65370D40A1F5/111505/SIST_MUNI_INDI_SOSTE_tcm7177732.pdf
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Bandeira, R. A. M., D’Agosto, M. A., Ribeiro, S. K., Bandeira, A. P. F., & Goes, G. v. (2018). A fuzzy multi-criteria model for evaluating sustainable urban freight transportation operations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 184, 727–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.234
Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2017). Smart sustainable cities of the future: An extensive interdisciplinary literature review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 31, 183–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.02.016
Bosch, P., Jongeneel, S., Rovers, V., Neumann, H.-Ma., Airaksinen, M., & Huovila, A. (2016). Deliverable 1.4. Smart city KPIs and related methodology. 1–276.
BREEAM Communities. (2012). Communities’ technical manual. Technical Manual. https://files.bregroup.com/breeam/technicalmanuals/communitiesmanual/#03_step03/00_step_3_designing_the_details.htm%3FTocPath%3DStep%25203%2520Designing%2520the%2520details%7C_____0
Bueno, P. C., Vassallo, J. M., & Cheung, K. (2015). Sustainability Assessment of Transport Infrastructure Projects: A Review of Existing Tools and Methods. Transport Reviews, 35(5), 622–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2015.1041435
Camagni, R., Capello, R., & Nijkamp, P. (1998). Towards sustainable city policy: An economy-environment technology nexus. Ecological Economics, 24(1), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(97)00032-3
Campos, V. B. G., Ramos, R. A. R., & Miranda, D. de. (2008). Multi-Criteria Analysis Procedure for Sustainable Mobility Evaluation in Urban Areas Vânia Barcellos Gouvêa Campos. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 43(4), 371–390.
Carrillo-Rodríguez, J. (2013). Desempeño sostenible en Bogotá: construcción de un indicador a partir del desempeño local. 39, 165–190. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612013000200008
Castillo, H., & Pitfield, D. E. (2010). ELASTIC - A methodological framework for identifying and selecting sustainable transport indicators. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 15(4), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2009.09.002
Errampalli, M., Patil, K. S., & Prasad, C. S. R. K. (2020). Evaluation of integration between public transportation modes by developing sustainability index for Indian cities. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 8(1), 180–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2018.09.005
Feleki, E., Vlachokostas, C., & Moussiopoulos, N. (2020). Holistic methodological framework for the characterization of urban sustainability and strategic planning. Journal of Cleaner Production, 243, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118432
Fernandes, P., Vilaça, M., Macedo, E., Sampaio, C., Bahmankhah, B., Bandeira, J. M., Guarnaccia, C., Rafael, S., Fernandes, A. P., Relvas, H., Borrego, C., & Coelho, M. C. (2019). Integrating road traffic externalities through a sustainability indicator. Science of the Total Environment, 691, 483–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.124
GAD Municipal de Cuenca. (2015). Plan de Movilidad. https://www.cuenca.gob.ec/node/13696
Garau, C., & Pavan, V. M. (2018). Evaluating urban quality: Indicators and assessment tools for smart sustainable cities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030575
Hallowell, M. R., & Gambatese, J. A. (2010). Qualitative Research: Application of the Delphi Method to CEM Research. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 136, 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1061/ASCECO.1943-7862.0000137
Huovila, A., Bosch, P., & Airaksinen, M. (2019). Comparative analysis of standardized indicators for Smart sustainable cities: What indicators and standards to use and when? Cities, 89, 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.01.029
Illinois Department of Transportation. (2012). Illinois - Livable and Sustainable Transportation Rating System and Guide (I-LAST). https://idot.illinois.gov/transportation-system/environment/index
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos [INEC]. (2021). Proyecciones y estudios demográficos. https://sni.gob.ec/proyecciones-y-estudios-demograficos
ISO 37120. (2014). Sustainable development of communities. In Centre for Livable Cites, Singapore. https://www.iso.org/
Kaklauskas, A., Zavadskas, E. K., Radzeviciene, A., Ubarte, I., Podviezko, A., Podvezko, V., Kuzminske, A., Banaitis, A., Binkyte, A., & Bucinskas, V. (2018). Quality of city life multiple criteria analysis. Cities, 72, 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.002
Kumar, A., & Pushplata. (2013). Building regulations for environmental protection in Indian hill towns. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 2, 224–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2014.04.003
Mansourianfar, M. H., & Haghshenas, H. (2018). Micro-scale sustainability assessment of infrastructure projects on urban transportation systems: Case study of Azadi district, Isfahan, Iran. Cities, 72, 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.012
Mitchell, V. ‐W, & McGoldrick, P. J. (1994). The Role of Geodemographics in Segmenting and Targeting Consumer Markets: A Delphi Study. European Journal of Marketing, 28, 54–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569410062032
Mondschein, A., & Taylor, B. D. (2017). Is traffic congestion overrated? Examining the highly variable effects of congestion on travel and accessibility. Journal of Transport Geography, 64, 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.08.007
Munier, N. (2011). Methodology to select a set of urban sustainability indicators to measure the state of the city, and performance assessment. Ecological Indicators, 11, 1020–1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.01.006
Naciones Unidas. (1987). Informe de la Comisión Mundial sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo (pp. 1–416).
Robles Garrote, P., & Rojas, M. del C. (2015). La validación por juicio de expertos: dos investigaciones cualitativas en Lingüística aplicada. Revista Nebrija, 18, 124–139. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26378/rnlael918259
Serra, L. M., Lozano, M. A., Ramos, J., Ensinas, A. v., & Nebra, S. A. (2009). Polygeneration and efficient use of natural resources. Energy, 34, 575–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2008.08.013
Talavera-García, R., Soria-Lara, J. A., & Valenzuela-Montes, L. M. (2014). La calidad peatonal como método para evaluar entornos de movilidad urbana. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 60, 161–187.
Tanguay, G. A., Rajaonson, J., & Lanoie, P. (2010). Measuring the sustainability of cities: An analysis of the use of local indicators. 10, 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.07.013
Tran, N. H., Yang, S. H., & Huang, T. (2021). Comparative analysis of traffic-and-transportation-planning-related indicators in sustainable transportation infrastructure rating systems. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 15, 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1722868
Tran, N. H., Yang, S. H., Tsai, C. Y., Yang, N. C., & Chang, C. M. (2021). Developing transportation livability-related indicators for green urban road rating system in Taiwan. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132414016
Zhao, P., & Hu, H. (2019). Geographical patterns of traffic congestion in growing megacities: big data analytics from Beijing. Cities, 92, 164–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.03.022