Introduction: training, training and specialization are inherent aspects of the nursing profession, considering the scientific and technological changes that occur at a dizzying pace in the health sciences. Objective: to evaluate the training program for nursing professionals on the appropriate collection of the neonatal metabolic screening sample. The study group consisted of 22 nursing professionals from health centers in the urban area of Tulcán. Methods: a survey validated by health experts was applied, where 3 criteria were evaluated: experience, updating and procedure. A rating scale was also created for each of the three criteria. Results: The need for nursing staff to update their knowledge about the Neonatal Metabolic Screening program implemented by the Ministry of Public Health is evident. Regarding the updating of knowledge, it is noted that professionals seem to receive and assimilate updates in a more homogeneous way, which could be the result of well-implemented continuing education programs or regular policies that promote professional updating. Discussion: it is suggested that while procedural training seems standardized, it may be insufficient, so it could benefit from more structured and more intensive approaches. Conclusions: a balance between personalization and standardization is crucial to optimize the quality and efficiency of the health services provided.

Introduction. The present investigation refers to the comparison of the compressive strength of three resin cements in the reconstruction of dental stumps. Likewise, the researchers are interested in providing updated and high-impact information on the compressive strength of three resin cements in the reconstruction of dental stumps in oral rehabilitation. Objective. The objective of the present investigation was to analyze the compressive strength of three resin cements through a universal study machine (Tinius Olsen) to know the most resistant resin cement in the reconstruction of dental stumps, determining the resistance of the Allcem Core resin cements. Paracore and Rebilda before an external compression force and identifying the most used resin cements for the reconstruction of stumps within oral rehabilitation. Methodology. An experimental, observational type of research was conducted with a quantitative approach. The instrument to be used is a data collection sheet, prepared by the researcher, preparing a table indicating the type of material to be used, resinous cements, the force used measured in Newtons (N) and the resistance measured in Mega Pascals (MPa). with the compression machine of the National Polytechnic Higher School, in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Results. According to the data obtained regarding strength, it is determined that Group C Paracore with an average of 1561.40 [N] was superior to group A, B and control, where the group with the lowest amount of force before fracturing was group B Allcem Core with an average of 1032 [N]. The maximum effort of Paracore is higher than the control group, Allcem core and Rebilda. The Allcem core group has the greatest amount of minimum effort. Conclusion. The maximum force that the Paracore cement withstood before breaking was 1561.40 [N], Rebilda was 1223.95 [N], Allcem core was 1032 [N] and the control group of Z350 Filtek Resin from 3M 1075 .15[N], for this reason, favorable results are reflected towards group C Paracore.

Introduction: The aim of the research was to evaluate the dimensional stability of addition silicones from three different commercial companies, with the purpose of identifying how expansion and contraction fulfill their function according to the working time when making the prostheses. Objectives: The objective of this research was to evaluate the dimensional stability of addition silicones from three different commercial companies, after establishing a measurement method considering parameters such as contraction and expansion as a function of time, thus achieving, measuring the dimensional alteration of the silicones at different time intervals after the polymerization process, with the objective of comparing the dimensional stability of the different addition silicones to identify significant differences in said physical property. Methodology: This experimental research was conducted in a laboratory-controlled environment, actively manipulating the variables, and observing the results. Results: For the results, the dimensional alteration of the silicones by addition at time intervals was considered to observe how the silicone develops in the polymerization process. Conclusions: The ANOVA analysis detected significant dimensional differences between the diverse types of silicones, in an abbreviated period of 24 hours and a distant period of 15 days, while in a medium period of 8 days no significant dimensional differences were found between them. Furthermore, it was determined that the silicone President Coltene presents varying dimensional changes throughout the study period. This behavior is like that of Ivoclar Vivadent Virtual, although it presented less variability. Finally, Kerr Extrude is the silicone that presented the least changes over time with respect to the silicones, denoting a consolidation towards contraction processes with respect to time, which differs notably from the other silicones analyzed.

Introduction: the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a crucial component for the maintenance of human health, playing fundamental roles in digestion, metabolism, immunity, the regulation of nutritional status and energy homeostasis. However, dysbiosis (alteration of the microbiota balance) can cause obesity, through inflammatory mechanisms, increased intestinal permeability and changes in appetite. Objective: determine the relationship between alterations in the intestinal microbiota and obesity in adults. Methodology: the research design is documentary, exploratory and descriptive. A systemic review of the last 5 years of the existing literature was conducted in electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Science direct, Web of Science and Google academic. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be applied. Results: although it cannot be stated that the intestinal microbiota is the direct cause of obesity in adults, there is a complex and bidirectional relationship between the two. Intestinal dysbiosis can influence the development of obesity, and this in turn can modify the intestinal microbiota. The main mechanisms are alterations in energy metabolism, inflammatory process, and appetite regulation. Conclusion: obesity is a chronic metabolic disease with multiple causative factors and the intestinal microbiota is only one of them. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota are related to obesity in adults, so they must be managed comprehensively, which includes lifestyle modification and sometimes medical treatment.

Introduction: In the introduction, the complexity of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) was addressed, highlighting its chronic and multifactorial nature, as well as the limitations of conventional therapies. The growing interest in stem cell-based therapy, especially in Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), due to its regenerative capacity and immunomodulatory effects, was mentioned. Objective: 1. To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which stem cell therapy influences intestinal plasticity in patients with IBD. 2. To analyze the efficacy and adverse effects of stem cell therapy for the treatment of IBD. 3. To compare the clinical outcomes of stem cell therapy for IBD with other conventional treatments. Methodology: The methods included a systematic review of the scientific literature in relevant databases up to April 2024, with specific inclusion criteria to select relevant studies. Clinical and experimental studies related to the application of stem cells in the treatment of IBD were analyzed. Results: The results highlighted the exponential growth of research in this field in recent years, with multiple clinical studies exploring the safety, efficacy and mechanisms of action of MSC therapy. Challenges were identified in the standardization of treatment protocols and clinical implementation due to variability in dosage and delivery methods. Conclusions: The conclusions highlighted the promise of stem cell therapy in the treatment of IBD, but also the need for further research to better understand its benefits and optimize its clinical use. The importance of standardizing treatment protocols and improving understanding of stem cell mechanisms of action in the context of IBD was emphasized. General area of study: Medicine. Specific area of study: Internal medicine/ Gastroenterology. Type of study:  Review article.

Introduction. Menopause brings physical and psychological changes that can affect personal and family relationships. Many women do not seek medical help due to lack of information, access difficulties, and concerns about the side effects of hormonal therapies. New non-hormonal treatments, such as neurokinin B antagonists, show promise in effectively relieving vasomotor symptoms. Objective. To analyze the impact of menopause on women's lives, identifying the barriers they face in seeking medical help and evaluating the effectiveness of recent non-hormonal treatments, such as neurokinin B antagonists, in improving vasomotor symptoms and quality of life. Methodology. This bibliographic review serves as the basis for a retrospective study that critically evaluates the selected literature under various criteria. Results. Several studies have investigated the effectiveness of neurokinin B antagonists, such as fezolinetant, in the treatment of menopausal hot flashes. Research has shown that the neurokinin B pathway regulates the secretion of GnRH and therefore plays a crucial role in the control of hot flashes. Conclusion. For decades, hormone therapy has been effective in relieving menopause symptoms such as hot flashes, although it carries risks such as venous thromboembolism and endometrial cancer. This has led to the search for safer and more effective alternatives, such as NK3R and neurokinin B antagonists, which are being evaluated in terms of efficacy, safety and tolerability compared to traditional hormone therapy.

Introduction. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disorder characterized by obstruction of the upper pharyngeal airway during sleep. Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are the first treatment of choice in mild and moderate OSAS in patients without severe cardiovascular morbidity, and CPAP is used in severe OSAS. Objective. To analyze the scientific literature to describe mandibular advancement devices for treating OSA in adults. Methodology. The literature review was performed through digital databases such as ResearchGate, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The articles collected were published from 2020 to 2024 in Spanish and English. Results. Twenty-five articles were collected describing mandibular advancement devices for treating OSAS. They were effective in more than 70% of the cases. Conclusion. The studies reviewed in the present investigation demonstrate that MADs are an effective alternative for the treatment of mild to moderate OSAS. For severe OSAS, there is a more effective alternative, such as CPAP. The effectiveness of these devices and CPAP increases when a thorough clinical diagnosis is available.

Introduction. Dentistry has evolved with 3D printing, enabling accurate surgical planning and the creation of three-dimensional dental models for educational and professional practices. This study explores the fabrication of 3D-printed synthetic canine teeth for endodontic practices. Objective. exploring the use of 3D printing for the fabrication of synthetic canine teeth for endodontic practices. Methodology. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate 3D printed artificial teeth compared to real teeth, using Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D printing technology. An adult patient with complete and healthy dentition was selected. The teeth were reconstructed with specialized software, and prototypes were printed using photosensitive resin. These prototypes were clinically evaluated; endodontic tests, including canal preparation and obturation, were performed to check their suitability under simulated conditions. Results. The prototypes showed high morphological precision and adequate mechanical resistance, although with some variations in the root canal anatomy. Cavity shaping, conductometry, and chemical-mechanical preparation were effective, although fragility was observed in the apical third. Gutta-percha obturation was successful, concluding the endodontic treatment effectively. Conclusion. 3D-printed canine teeth for endodontics are accurate and customizable, but they have limitations in internal morphology and apical fragility. Their use enhances the educational and clinical experience, requiring further research to optimize results.