Introduction: Cortisol, the primary stress hormone, facilitates immune system functioning. However, prolonged cortisol production is harmful, as it could impair the immune response, including immunoglobulins A and E alterations. Objective: To analyze the cortisol alterations produced by stress and its affection to immunoglobulins A and E. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted with a descriptive approach, using search strategies in indexed databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO, Redalyc, Medigraphic, and the virtual library of the Catholic University of Cuenca. A total of 52 documents were reviewed, and 34 articles and books meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Results: The results show a relationship between the immune reactions induced by the chronic effects of stress and alterations in immunoglobulin A and E levels. Conclusion: Studies have demonstrated the indissoluble interrelationship among the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems, leading to pathophysiological patterns and a significant correlation between low immunoglobulin A and E production in patients with prolonged chronic and acute stress that induces elevated cortisol levels.

Introduction. As single-celled microorganisms, bacteria are responsible for various diseases and are currently a significant public health concern due to their high resistance to antimicrobials through various mechanisms. Staphylococcus aureus, one of the predominant species in humans, is associated with virulence factors, notably enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E, which can cause Foodborne Diseases (FBD). Objective. To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of enterotoxins in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fresh cheese sold in municipal markets in Cuenca, Ecuador. Methodology. This descriptive, cross-sectional study employs phenotypic and molecular methods to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and identify enterotoxins. Results. Microbiological and molecular biology techniques confirmed the presence of three positive samples for S. aureus using nucA and femB genes. On the other hand, the susceptibility test revealed a high resistance percentage to penicillin in all samples. However, clindamycin, erythromycin, and cefoxitin showed complete sensitivity, so resistance to penicillin was confirmed by amplifying the blaZ gene. No enterotoxins were detected using molecular methods. Conclusion. Sixty-two-point five percent of positive samples showed resistance to penicillin, as confirmed by blaZ gene amplification. Conversely, 100% demonstrated sensitivity to clindamycin, erythromycin, and cefoxitin.

This literature review aims to analyze dental pathologies in diabetic patients and describe the complications that can occur during treatment. Objective: To describe the most prevalent oral pathologies in patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This research has a descriptive approach, with a collection of data that have relevant information about oral pathologies and diabetes. In addition, a search was conducted in digital databases such as PubMed, Medline, SciELO, and Scopus using the keywords "dental pathologies," "diabetes," and "treatment complications." Conclusions: Oral health is of utmost importance in patients with diabetes mellitus since they present an elevated risk of developing dental pathologies and lesions such as periodontitis or periodontal disease. This is the most common condition among diabetic patients due to reduced saliva production and elevated sugar levels in dental tissues.

Introduction: Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) is a species of fish that is used as food mainly because of its nutritional composition. However, being a marine product, it is caught by hand, and due to its commercialization and storage at room temperature, it can be contaminated with harmful microorganisms, especially Staphylococcus aureus. Objective: To determine the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in Albacore from different markets in Cuenca - Ecuador. Methodology: A descriptive observational study, cross-sectional. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was conducted to obtain 20 samples of Albacore. Results: The presence of Staphylococcus aureus of 79% was determined in the 20 samples collected. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was evidenced in the specimens from Albacore sold in street stalls; this may be due to the lack of hygiene and an inadequate handling procedure.

Caries is one of the most frequent dental pathologies worldwide, it produces progressive destruction of dental tissue; In the world there are thousands of people who suffer from some type of disability, who present poor oral hygiene and severe oral diseases due to little or no visit to the dentist. The objective of this study is to determine the behavior of caries and its economic impact in patients with disabilities. In this study, the population was taken as patients with disabilities who attend the Dei Bambini clinic in the city of Portoviejo, between 2019 and January 2023; obtaining a sample of 42 patients, who were selected under the inclusion and exclusion criteria; obtaining the data through the anonymized network of clinical records of the Dei Bambini Portoviejo Clinic; the results have been tabulated and exposed through the Microsoft Excel computer system. It was evidenced that 100% of the patients with disabilities presented dental caries regardless of economic status, due in greater relevance to diet, cleaning after each meal and annual visits to the dentist; the economic impact on patients with disabilities compared to the costs of dental treatment is negative, only 21% of patients accessed dental treatment.

Introduction. the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, with persistent symptoms in some patients, known as "long COVID," which include fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, and palpitations, as well as complications such as myocarditis, arrhythmias, and pulmonary fibrosis. Objective. to assess the long-term effects of post-COVID-19 syndrome on the cardiovascular and pulmonary function of recovered patients. Methodology. a retrospective observational study was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, analyzing recovered COVID-19 patients with post-COVID symptoms. Cases without post-COVID symptoms or clear recovery data were excluded, and a descriptive analysis of the collected data was performed. Results. expected results will detail the alterations in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems after COVID, as well as analyze the relationship between the initial severity of the disease and long-term sequelae. These findings will enhance understanding and management of post-COVID complications in these systems. Conclusion. the COVID-19 pandemic affects multiple body systems, leading to persistent symptoms known as "long COVID." Cardiac and pulmonary complications are concerning, emphasizing the importance of cardiovascular monitoring and pulmonary rehabilitation. Additionally, the need to address the psychological impact is underscored, and the limitations of the research are acknowledged.

Objective: To describe the morbidity and mortality of non-diabetic patients hospitalized for a cerebrovascular event with hyperglycemia. General area of study: medicine. Specific area of study: intensive care. Study type: original. Materials and Methods: Descriptive level study and longitudinal, descriptive, and retrospective design in which, through the medical records, information was obtained that satisfies the research object, the variables that served as inclusion criteria for the medical records were age, biological sex, glycemic level at admission, glycemic level during hospitalization, developed complications, hospital stay and mortality. Results: Most of the patients entered with normal glucose values N = 62, of which more than half of the total N = 38 presented hyperglycemias during their hospitalization period, of the latter, presented comorbidities N = 29 (76%), being the most common nosocomial pneumonia 26%, all this caused a high percentage of mortality N = 15 (21%). Conclusion: Most patients hospitalized due to Cerebrovascular Event who present with hyperglycemia present other comorbidities, the CVD Lethality Rate associated with hyperglycemia of 394 per 1000 affected.

Introduction: Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy have proven to be one of the greatest successes for the remission of different neoplasms. However, when evaluating the risk-benefit relationship of these immunologically based treatments, we find health implications that may have a scope of real importance, among them, the potential cardiovascular complications resulting from cardiotoxicity, an adverse effect of some of the biological drugs. Objective: Synthesize the current scientific evidence regarding cardiotoxicity induced by monoclonal antibodies. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted based on a search for scientific publications related to the topic. For the non-systematic search, the descriptors “antibodies, monoclonal; trastuzumab; bevacizumab; cardiotoxicity; chemotherapy". Results: The conceptual, clinical and paraclinical definition of cardiotoxicity, diagnostic tests, and monoclonal antibodies of interest due to their cardiotoxicity-inducing particularities have been reviewed. Conclusions: There is an improvement in the life expectancy of cancer patients who receive treatment with monoclonal antibodies; However, they tend to be accompanied by adverse outcomes of interest such as cardiotoxicity that can lead to heart failure. General Study Area: Medicine. Specific area of study: Oncology and Cardiology. Type of study: Literature review.