Deictic Expressions and Reading Comprehension
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Published:
Apr 4, 2020
Keywords:
Deictics, English language, Reading, Comprehension, expressions.
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Abstract
The present investigation is expected to cover an examination completed with the following topic "Deictics and the Reading Comprehension." which investigates the relationship between the variables and how EFL under students improved their Reading Comprehension. This examination was coordinated by using a quali-quantitative methodology by applying a pre-and post-test that assessed the functions of the Reading Comprehension and evaluated this. Deictic expressions were applied inside the classroom. The subjects of the examination were higher education students. Thinking about the results of this investigation, it is obvious that the following English Language Students vanquished their Reading Comprehension issues by using Deictic expressions and exhibited that a large portion of these English Language Students improved their competence which helped them to read and understand the written form of English Language.
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Ramos Corrales, J. G., Vera de la Torre, A. J., Cumbe Coraizaca, D. M., & Moreno Novillo, A. C. (2020). Deictic Expressions and Reading Comprehension. Explorador Digital, 4(2), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.33262/exploradordigital.v4i2.1199
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References
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Kreidler, C. W. (1998). Introducing Language Semantics. London.
Brown, H. (2007). Teaching by Principles. An interactive approach to language pedagogy. . New York: Pearson Education, Inc.
Long, M. &. (1987). Methodology in TESOL. Boston: Heinle & Heinle .
William, G. (2009). Reading in a Second Language: Moving from Theory to Practice. . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-72974-1.
Davis, F. (1944). Psychometrika . https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02288722.
Wolf, M. (2016). Tales of Literacy for the 21st Century: The Literary Agenda. . OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-103613-2.
Rayner, K., Foorman, B., Perfetti, C., & Seidenberg, D. P. (2001). Keith Rayner; Barbara Foorman; Charles Perfetti; David Pesetsky & Mark Se "How Psychological Science Informs the Teaching of Reading". Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 2 (2): 31–74. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.14.4083. doi:10.1111/1529-1006.00004. PMID 26151366.
Tompkins, G. (2011). Literacy in the early grades: A successful start for prek-4 readers . (3rd edition), Boston, Pearson. p 203.
Fahrutdinova, R. A., & Vasileva, I. D. (2016). The Formation Of Foreign Communicative Competence As The Basis Of Professional Competence Of Future Teacher Of Foreign Language. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict., 209-214.
Tanzil, H. (2016). Gender-based Communication Strategy. The Asian EFL Journal, 187-202.
Salazar, W. (2015). Exploring Communicative Competence Development in an EFLT Classroom at Cursos. Zona Proxima, 88-103.
Mojica, C., & Castañeda-Peña, H. (2017). A Learnig Experince of the Gender Perspective in English Teaching Contexts. Profil, 139-153.
Jaime, M., & Insuasty, E. (2015). Analysis of the Teaching Practices at a Colombian Foreign Language Institute and Their. How, 45-64.
Scott, J. W. (1986). Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis. Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association, 1053-1075.
Bachman, L. (1990). Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing. Oxford: OUP.
Hirst, P. (1975). What is teaching? In R. S. Peters (ed.) The Philosophy of Education. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a Theory of Instruction. Cambridge, MA.: Belkapp Press.
Snook, I. (1972). Concepts of Indoctrination: Philosophical Essays. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Smith, M. K. (2015). What is education? A definition and discussion. The encyclopaedia of informal education.
Lieberman, M. D. (2013). Social. Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Whipp, R. (1998). ‘Creative Deconstruction, Strategy and Organisations’. Redefining Educational Management, Cardiff. .
Woolfolk, A. (2010). Educational Psychology eleventh edition. México: PEARSON EDUCACIÓN.
Hattie, J. (2009). Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. Abingdon: Routledge.
Jeffs, T., & Smith, M. K. (2018). Informal Education. London: Educational Heretics.
Coe, R. e. (2014). What makes great teaching. Review of the underpinning research. . London: The Sutton Trust.
Steanhouse, L. (1991). Investigación y Desarrollo del Curriculum. España: Ediciones Morata.
Bixio, C. (2001). Las estrategias didácticas y el proceso de mediación. Enseñar a aprender. . Rosario, Santa Fé: Homo Sapiens Ediciones.
Díaz, F., & Hernandez, G. (2002). Estrategias Docentes para un Aprendizaje Significativo. México: McGraw-Hill.
Bruner, J. (1973). Going Beyond the Information Given, . New York: Norton.
Bruner, J. S. (1961). The act of discovery. Harvard Educational Review.
Anon. (2018, Diciembre 15). Course Material for B.Ed ( First Year). Retrieved from TAMIL NADU TEACHERS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY: http://www.tnteu.in/pdf/c6.pdf
Mathews, L. (1984). Construction od Feminity.
Osborn, A. (1954). Applied Imagination.
Isaksen, S. G. (1998). A Review of Brainstorming Research: Six Critical Issues for Research. Buffalo: Creative Problem Solving .
Cory, T., & Slater, T. (2003). Brainstorming. Techniques for new ideas. . Lincoln, NE: iUniverse Inc.
Rich, J. (2003). Brain Storm: Tap into Your Creativity to Generate Awesome Ideas and Remarkable Results.
Baumgartner, J. (2005). Key factors to successful brainstorming.
Michalko, M. (2006). Thinkertoys (A Handbook of Creative-Thinking Techniques (2nd Edition).
Lowman, J. (1995). Mastering the techniques of teaching (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Cashin, W. E. (2011). Effective classroom discussions. IDEA Paper number 49. , 1-5.
Brookfield, S., & Preskill, S. (2005). Discussion as a way of teaching (2nd ed.). . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bligh, D. (2000). What’s the point in discussion? . Portland, OR: Intellect Books.
Davis, B. (2009). Tools for teaching (2nd ed.). . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Berger, P. L., & Luckman, T. (1991). The Social Construction Of Reality . Great Britain: Penguin books.
Díaz, M. d. (2005). Modalidades de Enseñanza Centradas en el Desarrollo de Competencias. Asturias: Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Oviedo. .
Murillo, M., & SandovaL, C. (2003). Autobiografía y lengua materna: una experiencia pedagógica, Libro inédito.
Lara, A. (2018). “Task-Based Learning And The English Speaking Skill In Students At Universidad Nacional De Chimborazo”. Riobamba.
Miranda, T. (2006). Arquitectura de la mente según Noam Chomsky. Siglo XXI.
Cesteros, S. (2004). Aprendizaje de segundas lenguas. Lingüística aplicada a la enseñanza de idiomas. Alicante.
Farrell, T. (2002). Lesson planning’. In Richards, JC & Renandya, WA (eds.), Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice (pp 30–39), . Cambridge.: Cambridge University Press.
Anijovich, R., & Mora, S. (2010). Estrategias de enseñanza: otra mirada al quehacer en el aula. . Buenos Aires: Aique.
Hechavarría, M. (2006). Lo que todo entrenador deportivo o director técnico debe saber hacer. . La Habana.: Digital.
Ortega, M. (2012). Tu habilidad lingüística.
Garner, H. (1994). Estructuras de la mente: la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples. México: Fondo de cultura económica.
Moyoqui, J. (2003). Competencias Linguísticas. . México.
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Savignon, S. J. (1972). Communicative Competence: An Experiment in Foreign-Language Teaching. Philadelphia: The Centre for Curriculum Development, Inc.
Hymes, D. H. (1972). On Communicative Competence. In Pride, J. B., & Holmes, J. (Eds.), Sociolinguistics, 269-293. Baltimore, USA: Penguin Education, Penguin Books Ltd.
Widdowson, H. G. (1983). Learning Purpose and Language Use. . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics,1, 1-47.
Canale, M. (1983). From communicative competence to communicative language pedagogy. In Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. W. (Eds.), Language and Communication, 2-27. . London: Longman.
Stern, H. H. (1986). Fundamental Concepts of Lanugage Teaching. . Oxford: OUP.
Taylor, D. (1988). The meaning and use of the term competence in linguistics and applied linguistics. Applied Linguistics, 9, 148-169.
Bachman, L., & Palmer, A. (1996). Language Testing in Practice: Designing and Developing Useful Language Tests. . Oxford etc.: OUP.
Exams, O. (2018, November 15). FCE - Cambridge First Certificate in English - ESL Language studies abroad. Retrieved from ESL – Language studies abroad: https://www.esl-languages.com/en/study-abroad/english/fce-cambridge-first-certificate-in-english/index.htm
Bloom, B., Engelhart, M., Furst, E., Hill, W., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: Handbook I, the cognitive domain. New York: David McKay.
Savignon, S. J. (1983). Communicative Competence: Theory and Classroom Practice. Texts and Contexts in Second Language Learning. Reading,. Massachusetts at all: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Arán-Filippetti, V., & López, M. B. (2016). Predictores de la Comprensión Lectora en Niños y Adolescentes: El papel de la Edad, el. Cuadernos de Neuropsicología / Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology, vol. 10, núm., 23-44.
Solé, I. (2012). Reading competence and learning. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE EDUCACIÓN. N.º 59 , 43-61.
Karbalaei, A. (2011). Metacognition and Reading Comprehension. Íkala, revista de lenguaje y cultura, vol. 16, núm. 28,, 5-14.
Baretta, L., Braga Tomitch, L. M., Lim, V. K., & Waldie, K. E. (2012). Investigating reading comprehension through EEG. Ilha do Desterro: A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural, 69-99.
Lopera Medina, S. (2015). The design process of a reading comprehension manual. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, vol. 17, núm. 1, 130-141.
Santivañez, V. (2007, Enero 1). La didactica, el constructivismo y su aplicacion en el aula. Retrieved 10 15, 2014, from http://www.fcctp.usmp.edu.pe: http://www.fcctp.usmp.edu.pe/cultura/imagenes/pdf/18_07.pdf
Bloomfield, L. (1920). Distribucionalism.
Crystal, D. (1980). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.
Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structure. Netherlands: Mounton.
Pierce, C. S. (1932). Linguistic Signs, Thought and Meaning.
Bughler, K. (1950). Teory of Language. Madrid.
Bloom, B. (. (1959). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Susan Fauer Company, Inc.
Munby, J. (1968). "Teaching Intensive Reading Skills" in Mackay, Ronald, Barkman, B &. Jordan, R.R. (Eds.) Reading in a Second Language, Rowley, Mass:. Newbury House Publishers Inc.
Broughton, G., Brumfit, C., Flavell, R., & Hill, P. &. (1978). Teaching English As A Foreign Language. . London: London: Routledge & kegan Paul.
Nuttall, C. (1982). Teaching reading skills in a foreign language. London: London: Heinemann Educational Books. (new edition available 1998).
Krashen, S. (1993). "The case for free voluntary reading". Canada: Canadian Modern Language Review, 50(1), p.72-82.
Elley, W. (1996). "Lifting literacy levels in developing countries: Some implications from an IEA study" in V. Greaney (Ed.), Promoting Reading in Developing Countries (p.39-54), . Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Nuttall, C. (1982). Teaching reading skills in a foreign language. London: Heinemann Educational Books. (new edition available 1998).
Wagner, R. K., Schatschneider, C., & Phythian, C. (2009). Richard K. Wagner; Christopher Schatschneider; Caroline PhyBeyond Decoding: The Behavioral and Biological Foundations of Reading Comprehension. . Guilford Press. pp. 143–175. ISBN 978-1-60623-356-6.
Speer, N., Yarkoni, T., & Zacks, J. (2008). "Neural substrates of narrative comprehension and memory". . NeuroImage. 41 (4): 1408–1425. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.062. PMC 2580728. PMID 18499478.
Goswami, U. (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development. . John Wiley & Sons. pp. 342+. ISBN 978-1-4443-5173-6. Archived from the original on 2018-05-04.
Sousa, D. A. (2011). How the Brain Learns. SAGE Publications. pp. 193+. ISBN 978-1-4522-7775-2.
Nielsen, D. (2013). "Study shows greater focus on vocabulary can help make students better readers". . news.ku.edu. The University of Kansas.
Tompkings, (. (2011).
Kucan, L., Beck, I. L., & McKeown, M. G. (2002). Bringing words to life: robust vocabulary instruction. . New York: Guilford Press. ISBN 978-1-57230-753-7. OCLC 48450880.
Thomas, M. M., Manzo, A. V., & Manzo, U. C. (2005). Content area literacy: strategic teaching for strategic learning. . New York: Wiley. pp. 163–4. ISBN 978-0-471-15167-8. OCLC 58833339.
Robinson, F. P. (1978). Effective Study (6th ed.). . New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-045521-7.
Reading and Questioning: The ReQuest Procedure . (2018, 10 14). Retrieved from ProQuest".: search.proquest.com.
Pearson, P. D. (2013). "The Roots of Reading Comprehension Instruction" (PDF). postgradolinguistica.ucv.cl. Universityof California, . Archived (PDF). Berkeley.
Gorrell, M. G. (2011). Gorrell, M"E-books on EBSCOhost: Combining NetLibrary E-books with the EBSCOhost Platform". Information Standards Quarterly. 23 (2): 31. doi:10.3789/isqv23n2.2011.07. ISSN 1041-0031.
Kreidler, C. W. (1998). Introducing Language Semantics. London.
Brown, H. (2007). Teaching by Principles. An interactive approach to language pedagogy. . New York: Pearson Education, Inc.
Long, M. &. (1987). Methodology in TESOL. Boston: Heinle & Heinle .
William, G. (2009). Reading in a Second Language: Moving from Theory to Practice. . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-72974-1.
Davis, F. (1944). Psychometrika . https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02288722.
Wolf, M. (2016). Tales of Literacy for the 21st Century: The Literary Agenda. . OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-103613-2.
Rayner, K., Foorman, B., Perfetti, C., & Seidenberg, D. P. (2001). Keith Rayner; Barbara Foorman; Charles Perfetti; David Pesetsky & Mark Se "How Psychological Science Informs the Teaching of Reading". Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 2 (2): 31–74. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.14.4083. doi:10.1111/1529-1006.00004. PMID 26151366.
Tompkins, G. (2011). Literacy in the early grades: A successful start for prek-4 readers . (3rd edition), Boston, Pearson. p 203.
Fahrutdinova, R. A., & Vasileva, I. D. (2016). The Formation Of Foreign Communicative Competence As The Basis Of Professional Competence Of Future Teacher Of Foreign Language. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict., 209-214.
Tanzil, H. (2016). Gender-based Communication Strategy. The Asian EFL Journal, 187-202.
Salazar, W. (2015). Exploring Communicative Competence Development in an EFLT Classroom at Cursos. Zona Proxima, 88-103.
Mojica, C., & Castañeda-Peña, H. (2017). A Learnig Experince of the Gender Perspective in English Teaching Contexts. Profil, 139-153.
Jaime, M., & Insuasty, E. (2015). Analysis of the Teaching Practices at a Colombian Foreign Language Institute and Their. How, 45-64.
Scott, J. W. (1986). Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis. Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association, 1053-1075.
Bachman, L. (1990). Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing. Oxford: OUP.
Hirst, P. (1975). What is teaching? In R. S. Peters (ed.) The Philosophy of Education. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a Theory of Instruction. Cambridge, MA.: Belkapp Press.
Snook, I. (1972). Concepts of Indoctrination: Philosophical Essays. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Smith, M. K. (2015). What is education? A definition and discussion. The encyclopaedia of informal education.
Lieberman, M. D. (2013). Social. Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Whipp, R. (1998). ‘Creative Deconstruction, Strategy and Organisations’. Redefining Educational Management, Cardiff. .
Woolfolk, A. (2010). Educational Psychology eleventh edition. México: PEARSON EDUCACIÓN.
Hattie, J. (2009). Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. Abingdon: Routledge.
Jeffs, T., & Smith, M. K. (2018). Informal Education. London: Educational Heretics.
Coe, R. e. (2014). What makes great teaching. Review of the underpinning research. . London: The Sutton Trust.
Steanhouse, L. (1991). Investigación y Desarrollo del Curriculum. España: Ediciones Morata.
Bixio, C. (2001). Las estrategias didácticas y el proceso de mediación. Enseñar a aprender. . Rosario, Santa Fé: Homo Sapiens Ediciones.
Díaz, F., & Hernandez, G. (2002). Estrategias Docentes para un Aprendizaje Significativo. México: McGraw-Hill.
Bruner, J. (1973). Going Beyond the Information Given, . New York: Norton.
Bruner, J. S. (1961). The act of discovery. Harvard Educational Review.
Anon. (2018, Diciembre 15). Course Material for B.Ed ( First Year). Retrieved from TAMIL NADU TEACHERS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY: http://www.tnteu.in/pdf/c6.pdf
Mathews, L. (1984). Construction od Feminity.
Osborn, A. (1954). Applied Imagination.
Isaksen, S. G. (1998). A Review of Brainstorming Research: Six Critical Issues for Research. Buffalo: Creative Problem Solving .
Cory, T., & Slater, T. (2003). Brainstorming. Techniques for new ideas. . Lincoln, NE: iUniverse Inc.
Rich, J. (2003). Brain Storm: Tap into Your Creativity to Generate Awesome Ideas and Remarkable Results.
Baumgartner, J. (2005). Key factors to successful brainstorming.
Michalko, M. (2006). Thinkertoys (A Handbook of Creative-Thinking Techniques (2nd Edition).
Lowman, J. (1995). Mastering the techniques of teaching (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Cashin, W. E. (2011). Effective classroom discussions. IDEA Paper number 49. , 1-5.
Brookfield, S., & Preskill, S. (2005). Discussion as a way of teaching (2nd ed.). . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bligh, D. (2000). What’s the point in discussion? . Portland, OR: Intellect Books.
Davis, B. (2009). Tools for teaching (2nd ed.). . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Berger, P. L., & Luckman, T. (1991). The Social Construction Of Reality . Great Britain: Penguin books.
Díaz, M. d. (2005). Modalidades de Enseñanza Centradas en el Desarrollo de Competencias. Asturias: Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Oviedo. .
Murillo, M., & SandovaL, C. (2003). Autobiografía y lengua materna: una experiencia pedagógica, Libro inédito.
Lara, A. (2018). “Task-Based Learning And The English Speaking Skill In Students At Universidad Nacional De Chimborazo”. Riobamba.
Miranda, T. (2006). Arquitectura de la mente según Noam Chomsky. Siglo XXI.
Cesteros, S. (2004). Aprendizaje de segundas lenguas. Lingüística aplicada a la enseñanza de idiomas. Alicante.
Farrell, T. (2002). Lesson planning’. In Richards, JC & Renandya, WA (eds.), Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice (pp 30–39), . Cambridge.: Cambridge University Press.
Anijovich, R., & Mora, S. (2010). Estrategias de enseñanza: otra mirada al quehacer en el aula. . Buenos Aires: Aique.
Hechavarría, M. (2006). Lo que todo entrenador deportivo o director técnico debe saber hacer. . La Habana.: Digital.
Ortega, M. (2012). Tu habilidad lingüística.
Garner, H. (1994). Estructuras de la mente: la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples. México: Fondo de cultura económica.
Moyoqui, J. (2003). Competencias Linguísticas. . México.
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Savignon, S. J. (1972). Communicative Competence: An Experiment in Foreign-Language Teaching. Philadelphia: The Centre for Curriculum Development, Inc.
Hymes, D. H. (1972). On Communicative Competence. In Pride, J. B., & Holmes, J. (Eds.), Sociolinguistics, 269-293. Baltimore, USA: Penguin Education, Penguin Books Ltd.
Widdowson, H. G. (1983). Learning Purpose and Language Use. . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics,1, 1-47.
Canale, M. (1983). From communicative competence to communicative language pedagogy. In Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. W. (Eds.), Language and Communication, 2-27. . London: Longman.
Stern, H. H. (1986). Fundamental Concepts of Lanugage Teaching. . Oxford: OUP.
Taylor, D. (1988). The meaning and use of the term competence in linguistics and applied linguistics. Applied Linguistics, 9, 148-169.
Bachman, L., & Palmer, A. (1996). Language Testing in Practice: Designing and Developing Useful Language Tests. . Oxford etc.: OUP.
Exams, O. (2018, November 15). FCE - Cambridge First Certificate in English - ESL Language studies abroad. Retrieved from ESL – Language studies abroad: https://www.esl-languages.com/en/study-abroad/english/fce-cambridge-first-certificate-in-english/index.htm
Bloom, B., Engelhart, M., Furst, E., Hill, W., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: Handbook I, the cognitive domain. New York: David McKay.
Savignon, S. J. (1983). Communicative Competence: Theory and Classroom Practice. Texts and Contexts in Second Language Learning. Reading,. Massachusetts at all: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Arán-Filippetti, V., & López, M. B. (2016). Predictores de la Comprensión Lectora en Niños y Adolescentes: El papel de la Edad, el. Cuadernos de Neuropsicología / Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology, vol. 10, núm., 23-44.
Solé, I. (2012). Reading competence and learning. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE EDUCACIÓN. N.º 59 , 43-61.
Karbalaei, A. (2011). Metacognition and Reading Comprehension. Íkala, revista de lenguaje y cultura, vol. 16, núm. 28,, 5-14.
Baretta, L., Braga Tomitch, L. M., Lim, V. K., & Waldie, K. E. (2012). Investigating reading comprehension through EEG. Ilha do Desterro: A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural, 69-99.
Lopera Medina, S. (2015). The design process of a reading comprehension manual. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, vol. 17, núm. 1, 130-141.
Santivañez, V. (2007, Enero 1). La didactica, el constructivismo y su aplicacion en el aula. Retrieved 10 15, 2014, from http://www.fcctp.usmp.edu.pe: http://www.fcctp.usmp.edu.pe/cultura/imagenes/pdf/18_07.pdf
Bloomfield, L. (1920). Distribucionalism.
Crystal, D. (1980). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.
Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structure. Netherlands: Mounton.
Pierce, C. S. (1932). Linguistic Signs, Thought and Meaning.
Bughler, K. (1950). Teory of Language. Madrid.
Bloom, B. (. (1959). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Susan Fauer Company, Inc.
Munby, J. (1968). "Teaching Intensive Reading Skills" in Mackay, Ronald, Barkman, B &. Jordan, R.R. (Eds.) Reading in a Second Language, Rowley, Mass:. Newbury House Publishers Inc.
Broughton, G., Brumfit, C., Flavell, R., & Hill, P. &. (1978). Teaching English As A Foreign Language. . London: London: Routledge & kegan Paul.
Nuttall, C. (1982). Teaching reading skills in a foreign language. London: London: Heinemann Educational Books. (new edition available 1998).
Krashen, S. (1993). "The case for free voluntary reading". Canada: Canadian Modern Language Review, 50(1), p.72-82.
Elley, W. (1996). "Lifting literacy levels in developing countries: Some implications from an IEA study" in V. Greaney (Ed.), Promoting Reading in Developing Countries (p.39-54), . Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Nuttall, C. (1982). Teaching reading skills in a foreign language. London: Heinemann Educational Books. (new edition available 1998).
Wagner, R. K., Schatschneider, C., & Phythian, C. (2009). Richard K. Wagner; Christopher Schatschneider; Caroline PhyBeyond Decoding: The Behavioral and Biological Foundations of Reading Comprehension. . Guilford Press. pp. 143–175. ISBN 978-1-60623-356-6.
Speer, N., Yarkoni, T., & Zacks, J. (2008). "Neural substrates of narrative comprehension and memory". . NeuroImage. 41 (4): 1408–1425. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.062. PMC 2580728. PMID 18499478.
Goswami, U. (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development. . John Wiley & Sons. pp. 342+. ISBN 978-1-4443-5173-6. Archived from the original on 2018-05-04.
Sousa, D. A. (2011). How the Brain Learns. SAGE Publications. pp. 193+. ISBN 978-1-4522-7775-2.
Nielsen, D. (2013). "Study shows greater focus on vocabulary can help make students better readers". . news.ku.edu. The University of Kansas.
Tompkings, (. (2011).
Kucan, L., Beck, I. L., & McKeown, M. G. (2002). Bringing words to life: robust vocabulary instruction. . New York: Guilford Press. ISBN 978-1-57230-753-7. OCLC 48450880.
Thomas, M. M., Manzo, A. V., & Manzo, U. C. (2005). Content area literacy: strategic teaching for strategic learning. . New York: Wiley. pp. 163–4. ISBN 978-0-471-15167-8. OCLC 58833339.
Robinson, F. P. (1978). Effective Study (6th ed.). . New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-045521-7.
Reading and Questioning: The ReQuest Procedure . (2018, 10 14). Retrieved from ProQuest".: search.proquest.com.
Pearson, P. D. (2013). "The Roots of Reading Comprehension Instruction" (PDF). postgradolinguistica.ucv.cl. Universityof California, . Archived (PDF). Berkeley.
Gorrell, M. G. (2011). Gorrell, M"E-books on EBSCOhost: Combining NetLibrary E-books with the EBSCOhost Platform". Information Standards Quarterly. 23 (2): 31. doi:10.3789/isqv23n2.2011.07. ISSN 1041-0031.