Introduction.  The labor performance in the activity of porcelain tile floor tile installation is key for an efficient planning of construction projects. However, even today, the planning of this performance is not carried out in a technical way and linearity is assumed in the results, without considering the variability of this performance as a function of external and internal factors of the workers. Objective.  To propose a mathematical model to predict the labor performance in the installation of porcelain tile floors in the city of Cuenca, specifically in the Machángara parish. Methodology.  A review of the literature related to the factors that influence the performance of workers in this activity was carried out. Based on this information, an observation sheet was designed that included 6 variables and 35 relevant indicators. A descriptive methodology of a correlational type with a quantitative approach was applied, collecting data from a sample of 5 buildings in the porcelain tile installation phase. Results.  The results, analyzed statistically, revealed an efficiency of 98% of the proposed model in relation to the actual performance of the workers. In addition, it was evidenced that, in Machángara, the workers' performance is below the theoretical standard provided by the GAD of Cuenca. Conclusion.  It is concluded that the mathematical models based on the factors studied are capable of accurately predicting the performance of the workers, which can improve the predictions and execution times of the site managers.

Introduction.  The psychosocial factors existing within the work environment are diverse and are made up of aspects such as the physical environment, institutional structure and interpersonal relationships in organizations. Objective. to identify the psychosocial factors that affect employees in a food processing company in the city of Cuenca, in the areas of administration, storage and delivery. Methodology.  A cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive study was carried out by applying the CoPsoQ-istas21 version 2 questionnaire; the number of respondents (44) was determined by means of the sampling form (Krejcie and Morgan). Work variables such as working hours, health, position, salary recognition and demographics such as sex and age were used. Data were collected through spreadsheets and analyzed through the SPSS version 26 statistical software. Results.  Job satisfaction is highest among those over 45 years of age, with 43.75% very satisfied. In general, there is a positive trend toward job satisfaction in all age groups. Conclusion.  In summary, the data suggest that job satisfaction tends to increase with age, being more pronounced among those over 45 years of age. However, in general, the majority of respondents, regardless of age, are satisfied or very satisfied with their jobs, indicating a generalized level of job satisfaction.

Introduction: The legal analysis of article 170 of the Organic Integral Penal Code focuses on the circumstances surrounding the application of the penal provision in cases of sexual abuse, particularly observing the temporal range established for the imposition of custodial sentences in specific situations. This study seeks to understand and evaluate the practical application of this provision in the legal system. Objective: The objective of this research is to analyze and propose reforms to article 170 of the Organic Integral Penal Code to establish a new graduation of custodial sentences in cases of sexual abuse. The aim is to reduce the minimum range of these penalties without affecting the victims' access to justice, guaranteeing a sanction proportional to the seriousness of the crime.  Methodology: This research adopts a qualitative approach, based on theoretical foundations and literature review to understand in depth the legal context and the implications of the proposed reforms. The analytical-synthetic method is used, which involves the development of critical thinking to analyze and synthesize relevant information. In addition, the historical-logical method is used to study the evolution of the circumstances of the proposed reforms.  Results: The proposed reform results in a new graduation of the ranges of custodial sentences for the crime of sexual abuse, with a reduction in the minimum range of these sentences. However, this modification does not affect the victims' access to justice or their right to obtain full reparation. It ensures that the penalties imposed are proportional to the seriousness of the crime, maintaining a balance between the protection of victims' rights and justice for the accused. Conclusion: The proposed reform to article 170 of the Organic Integral Penal Code seeks to improve the effectiveness and proportionality of penalties in cases of sexual abuse. This reform, by reducing the minimum range of custodial sentences, seeks to ensure a more equitable and fair legal response, without compromising victims' access to justice or the severity of punishment for the most severe crimes.  

Introduction: in a globalized world subject to dizzying changes, metal-mechanic industries strive to achieve competitive capacity, minimize negative environmental impacts, and control labor risk levels, through the design and deployment of a combination of business strategies. Objectives: the objective of this research is to develop a guide for the implementation of an integrated management system for a generic industry of the metal-mechanic sector, using internationally recognized standards and methodologies that contribute to the satisfaction of stakeholders. Methodology: this study has a qualitative, descriptive, and transversal approach, involving a diagnosis of the metal-mechanic sector in the province of Azuay-Ecuador, the selection of an integration model and the development of an implementation guide. The first phase of the study involved a bibliographic search in scientific databases, followed by a quantification of the size of the economic sector under investigation; subsequently, a Web research was carried out through intentional probabilistic sampling to estimate the number of companies certified under international standards; in the second phase, an implementation guide for an integrated management system for a metal-mechanic industry was developed under the guidelines of the high-level annex, the continuous improvement cycle and the normative clauses of the systems to be integrated. Results: This research developed a guide for the implementation of an integrated management system for a generic metal-mechanic industry, under the standards of ISO 9001, 14001 and 45001. Conclusions: one of the strategies to contribute to the efficiency, competitiveness and adequate legal compliance of the metal-mechanic productive sector is the adoption of an integrated management system, articulating to ISO 9001 the non-common requirements of ISO 14001 and ISO 45001. General area of study: administration. Specific area of study: management.

Introduction: In the world during the pandemic caused by COVID 19, about 8.4 and 9.2 million tons of plastic waste were generated, which include mostly industrial protective equipment (PPE), which were used by the entire world population to curb the level of Coronavirus contagion. However, much of this waste ended up as debris in rivers, oceans or incinerated, which has contributed to a negative environmental impact, which is the source of climate change, increased greenhouse effect, marine pollution, and the death of hundreds of species. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the environmental impact assessments of post-pandemic industrial protective equipment waste. Results: The different investigations clearly show the inadequate management of solid waste that exists at a general level, in terms of carbon footprint and energy footprint of the waste from protective equipment the impact on the environment is imminently negative, in addition it could be demonstrated that the release of micro plastics (MP) and microfibers (MF) from discarded PPE becomes an emerging threat to environmental sustainability. Discussion: The research developed around the problem generated by solid waste from personal protective equipment (PPE) is the support to show the bad waste management around the world, especially in underdeveloped countries, but even more important is the need to implement social awareness programs and on the other hand to generate environmental policies to mitigate post-pandemic contamination. Conclusion: It was concluded that the research conducted established considerable negative impacts on the environment, among which is the generation of solid waste from PPE that continues to generate pollution in waterways and in the atmosphere.

Introduction: The environmental impact generated by the health sector has currently become one of the main drawbacks worldwide, due among other things to the fact that health technologies had exponential growth in terms of their development due to the COVID pandemic. 19 generating levels of solid health waste never imagined; this even forced several governments in power to generate health policies that try to mitigate the negative impact of this waste. Objective: The objective of this research is to explore the methods used in various parts of the world to evaluate the environmental impact generated by health technologies. Methodology: A review of the scientific literature was conducted in the main databases and 16 scientific articles from the last five years that evaluate the environmental impact of health technologies were selected. In addition, work was conducted using a qualitative approach. Results: The bibliographic review reflected that the various health technologies have an impact of 1 to 5% on the environmental impact worldwide. Where most emissions come from inhalers that are composed of hydrofluorocarbons, dental endodontics, magnetic resonance imaging, metal or plastic laryngoscopes, plastic or aluminum pharmaceutical containers, and hematology tests were the health technologies with the greatest environmental impact. The main factors that imply the high environmental impact of health technologies were use of electricity, consumption of fossil fuels, medical clothing, prolonged disinfections, technological equipment, reagents, among others. Conclusion: It was concluded that health technology generates great negative damage to the environment worldwide, where year after year the levels of garbage and carbon dioxide emissions as the main pollutants increase.

Introduction: Metal machining by chip removal is the fundamental technique in the manufacturing industry, with turning being the most common traditional machining process, where material is removed from a piece through the application of mechanical energy. Like any manufacturing technique, chip removal machining produces different wastes or also called by-products such as: base metal chips, coolant fluid, lubricating oil, metal dust and excessive use of energy, these wastes have important consequences for the environment, so the methodologies to evaluate environmental impact make these traditional processes sustainable. Objective: The present study aims to investigate how technological innovations can reduce the environmental impact of industrial machining processes by chip removal with parallel lathes. Methodology: The methodology in structuring this research corresponds to an exhaustive review of the literature, selecting recent high-impact studies through recognized academic databases. Results: The findings of this study highlight that dry machining is emerging as a key technique to eliminate the need for liquid coolants, thereby addressing the environmental challenges associated with their disposal and reducing exposure to potentially harmful substances. Microspraying (MQL) is identified as an effective strategy to reduce lubricant usage, minimizing contamination and operating costs while maintaining machining efficiency. In addition, cryogenic cooling stands out for its ability to improve the hardness and wear resistance of cutting tools. Conclusions: It was concluded that integrating innovative technologies such as cryogenic refrigeration and MQL in the manufacturing sector not only improves its environmental sustainability but also its economic competitiveness, representing significant steps towards reducing the adverse environmental impacts of manufacturing.

Introduction: Currently, energy storage using lithium-ion batteries has become more popular, due to characteristics such as the enormous storage potential, the integration of renewable energies for charging and of course the applicability of electric mobility. The performance of lithium-ion batteries has been affected due to accelerated degradation as well as different aggressive environmental conditions in certain cities. The industrial sector of the lithium triangle made up of Chile, Argentina and Bolivia has benefited from the use of lithium-ion batteries, however, sustainable industrial development anchored to environmental protection is one of the shortcomings that it does not contemplate. a positive scenario for South America. Objective: Analyze the prospects for the use of lithium-ion batteries in hybrid cars taking as a reference environmental evaluations and sustainable industrial development in Latin America. Methodology: Use of non-experimental design, qualitative descriptive level based on bibliographic review of articles, theses, and books. Results: At the regional level, the implementation of laws on the responsible management of lithium is incipient, which results in social conflicts over the use of water, an indispensable resource for communities. Furthermore, sustainable industrial development is not managed in the hybrid vehicle industry, even though the sales volume is not yet significant. Conclusion: It was concluded that the prospective use of lithium-ion batteries anchored to sustainable industrial development and care for the environment envisions weak policies in the region in lithium management and responsible water management, where alternatives such as circular economy, battery reuse and advice Populations become alternative solutions in the countries of the region.

Introduction. The presence of students with disabilities in Higher Education constitutes one of the main challenges of current educational systems, being necessary the establishment of pertinent manifestos that establish policies and statutes of inclusive character, without exception of any career as is the case of the Pedagogy of Physical Activity and Sport. Objective. To investigate the curricular adaptations that promote the inclusion of students with different disabilities in the career of Physical Activity and Sports Pedagogy in the Ecuadorian context. Methodology. Research design: mixed research approach, in its quantitative approach, non-experimental, descriptive, field, and cross-sectional design. In its qualitative approach, a phenomenological design was proposed. Population and sample: 39 teachers of the Physical Activity and Sport Pedagogy Career of 18 universities in Ecuador. Techniques and instruments: The quantitative technique of the survey was applied and as an instrument a self-administered questionnaire on the types of disability and curricular adaptations applied by teachers in the career of Pedagogy of Physical Activity and Sport. In the development of the qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were applied to a student representative of each type of disability, addressing the following topics through an open question. Statistical treatment of the data: SPSS version 25 statistical package, developing an analysis of mean values and standard deviations for variables of quantitative origin and an analysis of frequencies and percentages for variables of qualitative origin. Results. The curricular adaptations applied by teachers in relation to physical, visual, and intellectual disabilities were determined. General, axial, and executive categories that determined an emerging theory based on the perceptions and experiences reported by the subjects involved in the research process. Conclusion. Considerable progress has been made in curricular adaptations for students with disabilities in the career of Physical Activity and Sports Pedagogy, there are notable gaps in terms of effective inclusion and awareness of the educational community. General area of study: Education. Specific area of study: Physical Education.

Introduction: The multitemporal analysis of the land cover and land use of the Esmeraldas River basin was conducted for the period from 2000 to 2022, along with a projection for the year 2044 that was prepared in the Idrisi Selva v.17 and ArcGIS 10.8 software. Objective: To analyze changes in land cover and land use in the Esmeraldas River basin for the period from 2000 to 2022 with a projection for 2044. Methodology: For this research, 2 stages were established: Delimitation of the study area, followed by obtaining cartographic information on land cover and use, which were acquired from the portal of the Ministry of Environment, Water and Ecological Transition. Results: The rate of change in land cover and land use was as follows: Forest -73.94%, Agricultural Land 12.68%, Anthropic Zone 100.00%, Arb and Herb Vegetation -98.70%, Other Land -82.48%, Water Body -89.21%. Conclusion: The multitemporal analysis demonstrated the changes in the coverage of the Esmeraldas River basin over a period of 22 years to show how human activities influence changes in land cover and land use. General area of study: Ecology and environment. Specific area of study: Hydrology.