Impacto de la cirugía de reconstrucción de piso pélvico en la calidad de vida de mujeres con prolapso de órganos pélvicos
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Introducción. Se denomina Prolapso de Órganos Pélvicos (POP) al descenso de estructuras pélvicas debido a la debilidad del soporte del suelo pélvico. Esta condición afecta a diversos órganos y tiene un impacto multidimensional en la vida de las pacientes. Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de la cirugía de reconstrucción de piso pélvico en la calidad de vida de mujeres con POP, enfocándose en la función urinaria, intestinal, sexual y el bienestar psicológico. Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos como PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE y Cochrane Library. Se incluyeron estudios publicados en los últimos 5 años, principalmente revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, resultando en la selección de 47 artículos para la revisión final. Resultados. Las técnicas con mayor impacto positivo en la calidad de vida incluyen la Sacrocolpopexia Mínimamente Invasiva con un 86.7% y la Colpocleisis con un 89%, mientras que la Reparación con Malla Sintética Transvaginal muestra el menor impacto con un 71%. Es notable que incluso las técnicas con menor porcentaje de mejora en la calidad de vida siguen mostrando un impacto positivo significativo, además, se ha observado que la eficacia de estas intervenciones varía entre el 81% y el 91.9%, con una efectividad que oscila entre el 72% y el 90.2%, lo que sugiere una alta tasa de éxito en el tratamiento del POP. Conclusión. Las técnicas quirúrgicas para el POP mejoran significativamente la calidad de vida, con tasas de éxito entre el 71% y 89%. La Sacrocolpopexia Mínimamente Invasiva y la Colpocleisis destacan por su efectividad, mientras que el uso de malla transvaginal muestra menores resultados y más complicaciones. Estas intervenciones optimizan las funciones urinaria, intestinal y sexual, así como el bienestar psicológico de las pacientes. Área de estudio general: medicina. Área de estudio específica: ginecología. Tipo de artículo: revisión bibliográfica sistemática.
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