Impact of Industry 4.0 on mechatronic systems: a review of international standards

Abstract

Introduction: Industry 4.0 has revolutionized industrial systems with technologies such as IoT, AI, and CPS, driving the redesign of mechatronic systems. However, the implementation of these technologies requires the appropriate application of international standards to ensure safety and efficiency. Objectives: This article reviews the international standards guiding the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in mechatronic systems, evaluating their impact and identifying regulatory gaps that need to be addressed. Methodology: A documentary review of standards and publications from 2015 to 2024 was conducted, focusing on the most relevant standards for IoT, AI, and CPS, and analyzing their applicability through comparative analysis. Development: Key standards such as ISO/IEC 30141 (IoT), ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 (AI), and IEC 61508 (CPS) were reviewed, providing frameworks for interoperability, security, and efficiency in mechatronic systems. Discussion: Regulatory gaps were identified, especially in cybersecurity for IoT and CPS, and the need for greater clarity in emerging standards on AI was highlighted. Results: Current standards are robust but require improvements in cybersecurity and interoperability to optimize the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in mechatronics. Conclusions: International standards are key to the adoption of Industry 4.0 in mechatronics; however, areas for improvement should be addressed to enable full integration of these technologies. This analysis allows the identification of critical improvement areas in current standards, providing recommendations for the safe and efficient implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in mechatronic engineering. General Area: Emerging technologies applied to Industry 4.0. Specific Area: International standards for IoT, AI, and CPS in mechatronic systems. Type of Study: Documentary and bibliographic research.