Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for depression: a systematic review
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Published:
Jul 5, 2022
Keywords:
desensitization and reprocessing by eye movements, depressive disorders, systematic review.
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Abstract
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR) is a psychotherapeutic technique based on eye movements, and bilateral stimulation, -tactile and auditory- useful for the adequate processing of traumatic memories, new in the treatment of Depressive Disorders. General objective: This study utilizing a systematic review contrasted the results of empirical research focused on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy and its incidence in depressive disorders. Method: Regarding the methodological design, we can say that this research had a qualitative approach, a descriptive non-experimental cross-sectional design was used, for the identification and selection of studies it was sought that they were empirical and prospective by using the databases Mendeley, Web of Science and Scopus, the search was performed in English and Spanish in the period 2021- 2022 with the following terms and connectors: "EMDR" or "Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing" and "Depression" or "depressive". In addition, Boolean connectors such as "AND" and "OR" were used, and it was a 10-year review. Results: The main findings responded to twelve articles showing that the application of Desensitization and Eye Movement Reprocessing therapy effectively reduce symptomatology in depressive patients. Conclusion: The current trend in the application of this therapy allows us to demonstrate its empirical efficacy, showing itself as an effective treatment for the improvement of mental health in depressive patients.
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Reátegui Duarte, M. J., Balarezo Chiriboga, L. A., & Ramírez Coronel, A. A. (2022). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for depression: a systematic review. Ciencia Digital, 6(3), 23-41. https://doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v6i3.2164
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References
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Baptist, J., Thompson, D. E., Spencer, C., Mowla, M. R., Love, H. A., & Su, Y. (2021). Clinical efficacy of EMDR in unipolar depression: Changes in theta accordance. Psychiatry Research, 296.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113696
Bayhan, B. B., Tarquinio, C., Rydberg, J., & Korkmazlar, Ü. (2022). The study of the group intervention containing EMDR therapy for children and mothers in the field of trauma after a mine explosion in Turkey. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 6(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100248
Behnammoghadam, M., Alamdari, A. K. Aram, Behnammoghadam, A., & Darban, F. (2015). Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on Depression in Patients with Myocardial Infarction (MI). Global Journal of Health Science, 7(6), 258–262. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n6p258
Boyraz, R. K., Kirpinar, I., Yilmaz, O., Özyurt, O., Kiliçarslan, T., & Aralasmak, A. (2021). A treatment-response comparison study of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging between standard treatment of SSRI and standard treatment of SSRI plus non-dominant hand-writing task in patients with major depressive disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.698954
Calderón, D. (2018). Epidemiología de la depresión en el adulto mayor. Revista Médica Herediana, 29(3), 182-191. https://doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v29i3.3408
Carletto, S., Malandrone, F., Berchialla, P., Oliva, F., Colombi, N., Hase, M., Hofmann, A., & Ostacoli, L. (2021). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1894736.
https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1894736
Carrasco, A. (2017). Modelos psicoterapéuticos para la depresión: hacia un enfoque integrado. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 51(2),181-189. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=28454546004
Cedillo, M., Viñanzaca, J., Espinosa, M. J., Gómez, R., Mena, C., Galarza, E., Martínez-Suárez, P., & Ramirez, A. (2021). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing desde la Propuesta de Valoración de Mario Bunge. INVESTIGATIO, (16), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.31095/investigatio.2021.16.3
Cotter, P., Meysner, L., & Lee, C. W. (2017). Participant experiences of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for grief: similarities and differences. European Journal of Psych traumatology, 8(sup6), 1375838. http://doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1375838
Gauhar, Y. W. M. (2016). The efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of depression. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 10(2), 59–69.
https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.10.2.59
Hase, M., Balmaceda, U. M., Hase, A., Lehnung, M., Tumani, V., Huchzermeier, C., & Hofmann, A. (2015). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the treatment of depression: A matched-pairs study in an inpatient setting. Brain and Behavior, 5(6), 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.342
Hase, M., Plagge, J., Hase, A., Braas, R., Ostacoli, L., Hofmann, A., & Huchzermeier, C. (2018). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus treatment as usual in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(AUG). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01384
Hatefi, M., Tarjoman, A., Moradi, S., & Borji, M. (2019). The effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing on depression and anxiety in patients with spinal cord injuries. Trauma Monthly, 24(5).
https://doi.org/10.5812/traumamon.92873
Kessler, R. C. (2012). The Costs of Depression. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35(1), 1–14. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2011.11.005
Lortye, S., Will, J., Marquenie, L., Goudriaan. A., Arntz, A., de Waal, M. (2021). Treating posttraumatic stress disorder in substance use disorder patients with co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of diverse types and timings of treatment. BMC Psychiatry 21, 442. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03366-0
Malandrone, F., Carletto, S., Hase, M., Hofmann, A., Ostacoli, L. (2019). A Brief Narrative Summary of Randomized Controlled Trials Investigating EMDR Treatment of Patients with Depression. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. 13. 302-306. https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.13.4.302
Mauna, Y. W. (2016). The efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of depression. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 10(2), 59–69.
https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.10.2.59
Minelli, A., Zampieri, E., Sacco, C., Bazzanella, R., Mezzetti, N., Tessari, E., Barlati, S., & Bortolomasi, M. (2019). Clinical efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapies in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in-patients: A randomized, controlled pilot-study. Psychiatry Research, 273, 567–574.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.070
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group (2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. International journal of surgery (London, England), 8(5), 336–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007
Novo Navarro, P., Landin-Romero, R., Guardiola-Wanden-Berghe, R., Moreno-Alcázar, A., Valiente-Gómez, A., Lupo, W., Amann, B. L. (2018). 25 años de Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: protocolo de aplicación, hipótesis de funcionamiento y revisión sistemática de su eficacia en el trastorno por estrés postraumático. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 11(2), 101–114.
http://doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2015.12.002
Ostacoli, L., Carletto, S., Cavallo, M., Baldomir-Gago, P., di Lorenzo, G., Fernandez, I., Hase, M., Justo-Alnso, A., Lehnung, M., Migliaretti, G., Oliva, F., Pagani, M., Recarey-Eiris, S., Torta, R., Tumani, V., Gonzalez-Vazquez, A. I., & Hofmann, A. (2018). Comparison of eye movement desensitization reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy as adjunctive treatments for recurrent depression: The European Depression EMDR Network (EDEN) randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(FEB). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00074
Paauw, C., de Roos, C., Tummers, J., de Jongh, A., & Dingemans, A. (2019). Effectiveness of trauma-focused treatment for adolescents with major depressive disorder. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1).
https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1682931
Rahimi, F., Rejeh, N., Bahrami, T., Heravi-Karimooi, M., Tadrisi, S. D., Griffiths, P., & Vaismoradi, M. (2019). The effect of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing intervention on anxiety and depression among patients undergoing hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 55(4), 652–660. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12389
Reyes-Trelles, X. F., Rivera-Tapia, C. J., Elizalde-Martínez, B. A., Auquilla-Guzmán, Álvaro F., & Malavé-Pérez, Y. M. (2020). Complementariedad terapéutica en el trastorno depresivo mayor con síntomas psicóticos. Killkana Salud Y Bienestar, 4(3), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.26871/killcanasalud.v4i3.627
Shapiro, F., & Solomon, R. (2015). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. In E. Neukrug (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of theory in counseling and psychotherapy (pp. 389-394). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781483346502.n134
Urrútia, G. & Bonfill, X. (2013). La declaración PRISMA: un paso adelante en la mejora de las publicaciones de la Revista Española de Salud Pública. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 87(2), 99-102.
https://doi.org/10.4321/S1135-57272013000200001
Van der Kolk, B. A., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M. E., Hopper, J. W., Hopper, E. K., Korn, D. L., & Simpson, W. B. (2007). A randomized clinical trial of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 68(1), 37–46.
https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v68n0105
Wood, E., Ricketts, T., & Parry, G. (2018). EMDR as a treatment for long-term depression: A feasibility study. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 91(1), 63–78.
https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12145
http://hdl.handle.net/10401/5515
Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría [APA]. (2014). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. American Psychiatric Publishing.
Bae, H., Kim, D., & Park, Y. C. (2008). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for adolescent depression. Psychiatry Investigation, 5(1), 60–65. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2008.5.1.60
Baptist, J., Thompson, D. E., Spencer, C., Mowla, M. R., Love, H. A., & Su, Y. (2021). Clinical efficacy of EMDR in unipolar depression: Changes in theta accordance. Psychiatry Research, 296.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113696
Bayhan, B. B., Tarquinio, C., Rydberg, J., & Korkmazlar, Ü. (2022). The study of the group intervention containing EMDR therapy for children and mothers in the field of trauma after a mine explosion in Turkey. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 6(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100248
Behnammoghadam, M., Alamdari, A. K. Aram, Behnammoghadam, A., & Darban, F. (2015). Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on Depression in Patients with Myocardial Infarction (MI). Global Journal of Health Science, 7(6), 258–262. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n6p258
Boyraz, R. K., Kirpinar, I., Yilmaz, O., Özyurt, O., Kiliçarslan, T., & Aralasmak, A. (2021). A treatment-response comparison study of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging between standard treatment of SSRI and standard treatment of SSRI plus non-dominant hand-writing task in patients with major depressive disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.698954
Calderón, D. (2018). Epidemiología de la depresión en el adulto mayor. Revista Médica Herediana, 29(3), 182-191. https://doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v29i3.3408
Carletto, S., Malandrone, F., Berchialla, P., Oliva, F., Colombi, N., Hase, M., Hofmann, A., & Ostacoli, L. (2021). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1894736.
https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1894736
Carrasco, A. (2017). Modelos psicoterapéuticos para la depresión: hacia un enfoque integrado. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 51(2),181-189. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=28454546004
Cedillo, M., Viñanzaca, J., Espinosa, M. J., Gómez, R., Mena, C., Galarza, E., Martínez-Suárez, P., & Ramirez, A. (2021). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing desde la Propuesta de Valoración de Mario Bunge. INVESTIGATIO, (16), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.31095/investigatio.2021.16.3
Cotter, P., Meysner, L., & Lee, C. W. (2017). Participant experiences of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for grief: similarities and differences. European Journal of Psych traumatology, 8(sup6), 1375838. http://doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1375838
Gauhar, Y. W. M. (2016). The efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of depression. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 10(2), 59–69.
https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.10.2.59
Hase, M., Balmaceda, U. M., Hase, A., Lehnung, M., Tumani, V., Huchzermeier, C., & Hofmann, A. (2015). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the treatment of depression: A matched-pairs study in an inpatient setting. Brain and Behavior, 5(6), 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.342
Hase, M., Plagge, J., Hase, A., Braas, R., Ostacoli, L., Hofmann, A., & Huchzermeier, C. (2018). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus treatment as usual in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(AUG). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01384
Hatefi, M., Tarjoman, A., Moradi, S., & Borji, M. (2019). The effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing on depression and anxiety in patients with spinal cord injuries. Trauma Monthly, 24(5).
https://doi.org/10.5812/traumamon.92873
Kessler, R. C. (2012). The Costs of Depression. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35(1), 1–14. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2011.11.005
Lortye, S., Will, J., Marquenie, L., Goudriaan. A., Arntz, A., de Waal, M. (2021). Treating posttraumatic stress disorder in substance use disorder patients with co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of diverse types and timings of treatment. BMC Psychiatry 21, 442. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03366-0
Malandrone, F., Carletto, S., Hase, M., Hofmann, A., Ostacoli, L. (2019). A Brief Narrative Summary of Randomized Controlled Trials Investigating EMDR Treatment of Patients with Depression. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. 13. 302-306. https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.13.4.302
Mauna, Y. W. (2016). The efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of depression. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 10(2), 59–69.
https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.10.2.59
Minelli, A., Zampieri, E., Sacco, C., Bazzanella, R., Mezzetti, N., Tessari, E., Barlati, S., & Bortolomasi, M. (2019). Clinical efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapies in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in-patients: A randomized, controlled pilot-study. Psychiatry Research, 273, 567–574.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.070
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group (2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. International journal of surgery (London, England), 8(5), 336–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007
Novo Navarro, P., Landin-Romero, R., Guardiola-Wanden-Berghe, R., Moreno-Alcázar, A., Valiente-Gómez, A., Lupo, W., Amann, B. L. (2018). 25 años de Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: protocolo de aplicación, hipótesis de funcionamiento y revisión sistemática de su eficacia en el trastorno por estrés postraumático. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 11(2), 101–114.
http://doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2015.12.002
Ostacoli, L., Carletto, S., Cavallo, M., Baldomir-Gago, P., di Lorenzo, G., Fernandez, I., Hase, M., Justo-Alnso, A., Lehnung, M., Migliaretti, G., Oliva, F., Pagani, M., Recarey-Eiris, S., Torta, R., Tumani, V., Gonzalez-Vazquez, A. I., & Hofmann, A. (2018). Comparison of eye movement desensitization reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy as adjunctive treatments for recurrent depression: The European Depression EMDR Network (EDEN) randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(FEB). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00074
Paauw, C., de Roos, C., Tummers, J., de Jongh, A., & Dingemans, A. (2019). Effectiveness of trauma-focused treatment for adolescents with major depressive disorder. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1).
https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1682931
Rahimi, F., Rejeh, N., Bahrami, T., Heravi-Karimooi, M., Tadrisi, S. D., Griffiths, P., & Vaismoradi, M. (2019). The effect of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing intervention on anxiety and depression among patients undergoing hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 55(4), 652–660. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12389
Reyes-Trelles, X. F., Rivera-Tapia, C. J., Elizalde-Martínez, B. A., Auquilla-Guzmán, Álvaro F., & Malavé-Pérez, Y. M. (2020). Complementariedad terapéutica en el trastorno depresivo mayor con síntomas psicóticos. Killkana Salud Y Bienestar, 4(3), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.26871/killcanasalud.v4i3.627
Shapiro, F., & Solomon, R. (2015). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. In E. Neukrug (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of theory in counseling and psychotherapy (pp. 389-394). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781483346502.n134
Urrútia, G. & Bonfill, X. (2013). La declaración PRISMA: un paso adelante en la mejora de las publicaciones de la Revista Española de Salud Pública. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 87(2), 99-102.
https://doi.org/10.4321/S1135-57272013000200001
Van der Kolk, B. A., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M. E., Hopper, J. W., Hopper, E. K., Korn, D. L., & Simpson, W. B. (2007). A randomized clinical trial of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 68(1), 37–46.
https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v68n0105
Wood, E., Ricketts, T., & Parry, G. (2018). EMDR as a treatment for long-term depression: A feasibility study. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 91(1), 63–78.
https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12145