Objective: to relate the vertical and sagittal maxillomandibular growth pattern with the pharyngeal width in patients aged 8 to 20 years from the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. Materials and methods: quantitative, relational, retrospective cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of four hundred lateral cephalic radiographs of patients aged 8 to 20 years, the biotype of the face was determined using the Vert index, the skeletal class using the ANB angle, and the pharyngeal width using the McNamara analysis. Results: increased upper and lower pharyngeal width was observed in skeletal class III, followed by class I and class II, with an extremely low correlation between pharyngeal widths and skeletal and biotypefacial class, with statistical significance between skeletal and biotype class. pharyngeal width (p≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Extremely low correlation was determined between pharyngeal width, skeletal class, and biotype of the face.

The lower central incisors (ICI) play a significant role in dental occlusion because their inclination in the lower arch is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning since, they determine stability, masticatory function, harmony, and facial balance. Objective: To relate the inclination of the lower incisor with respect to the facial biotype in lateral cephalic radiographs in patients from 8 to 20 years of age in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, during the period April-June 2021. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, documentary, and retrospective study. The sample consisted of 390 lateral skull radiographs according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ricketts cephalometric analysis was used to identify the facial biotype and ICI inclination and Steiner cephalometry to obtain the skeletal class. Results: the relationship between ICI inclination and facial biotype is not statistically significant (p<0.05) (r= -0.054). However, the study shows that the female sex presents a higher frequency, especially at 16 years of age. In terms of prevalence, the dolichofacial biotype is representative in 41.5%, as well as skeletal class I in 48.9% and normal inclination in 52.8%. Conclusion: It was determined that, according to the population studied, the ICI was not related to the facial biotype.

Introduction: Nephritic colic is a painful episode of great intensity and acute onset, which after subsidence can experience intermittent relapses, frequently associated with nephrolithiasis, being the analgesic drugs used for the management of these patients. Objective: To compare the efficacy of the most used analgesic pharmacological treatments in the approach to nephritic colic due to nephrolithiasis. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Redalyc and LILACS, using the search algorithm such as "pain" [MeSH Terms] OR "pain" [All Fields]) AND ("nephrolithiasis" [MeSH Terms] A total of 65 potential results were obtained, to then limit the study to 12 articles based on the criteria of the number of participants previously exposed, and the availability of the full text for free. Results: Among the analgesic drugs used for renal colic due to nephrolithiasis, it was demonstrated that the effect of NSAIDs, intravenous lidocaine, hydromorphine, even combinations such as ketorolac + isotonic saline can control general abdominal pain and pain due to nephrolithiasis. Conclusions: Among the included studies, it was found that IV ibuprofen and IM diclofenac are even more effective than IV paracetamol or IV morphine, with the administration of diclofenac for renal colic pain showing greater advantage and being preferred by patients. patients.

Introduction: Gliflozins are a group of drugs that were initially developed for the management of diabetes mellitus due to their hypoglycemic functions. However, recent research reports benefits against cardiovascular comorbidities. Objective: To describe the usefulness of glyphozins in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes, not only for its benefits in metabolic control, but also for its therapeutic scope in reducing cardiorenal risk. Methodology: A search was carried out in Spanish and English in different databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Redalyc, and SciELO, with the descriptors Gliflozins, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiometabolic Risk using the Boolean AND and OR, finding 78 publications and selecting 15 .Results: Benefits were observed beyond reducing glycemia values ​​with an important cardionephroprotective effect on atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiovascular mortality and progression to kidney disease. Conclusions: The identification of these benefits in patients and their consequent impact on improving living conditions and reducing cardiovascular risk are valuable enough to be considered as part of the therapies to be provided by health services public and private

Introduction: Myelitis is a rare immune-mediated disease, it can be classified according to the affected area as transverse myelitis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, myeloradiculitis. Despite being considered as a rare pathology, cases have been found in clinical trials after the application of the vaccine for COVID-19. Objective: To describe transverse myelitis and its relationship with COVID-19 vaccines. Methodology: A non-experimental research of literature review type was performed, taking articles from different databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, in Spanish and English, from 2019 to 2022. Results: From the articles studied, a total of 596 patients were found who presented the disease after vaccination with the different preparations. Of nine case reports, 5 were secondary to inoculation with AstraZeneca, 4 with Pfizer and 3 with Moderna. While in other five investigations 3 had a higher percentage with AstraZeneca followed by Pfizer. Conclusions: It was determined that transverse myelitis can develop after the application of the vaccine against COVID-19, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, were the immunizations that reported more cases.

Introduction. Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders, it is characterized by being a bilateral, rhythmic and involuntary action tremor, beginning in the hands and extending to the head, at the beginning it can be mild, but over time it is observed a compromise in the quality of life of the patient, its diagnosis is based mainly on the clinic. There are various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, among the latter, high-intensity focal ultrasound guided by magnetic resonance since it is currently used in patients with severe tremor or who do not respond to pharmacological therapy. This consists of applying multiple ultrasonic beams in the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus, with the aim of tremor suppression. Objective. use of high intensity focal ultrasound guided by magnetic resonance for the treatment of essential tremor. Methodology. Narrative literature review on magnetic resonance-guided-high-intensity focal ultrasound for the treatment of essential tremor, by searching the main sources and biomedical databases in English and Spanish: PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. Results. The decrease in hand tremor after treatment with high-intensity focal ultrasound guided by magnetic resonance obtained positive results, presenting values greater than 40% effectiveness during the first three to twelve months, lasting these values over time up to two years, reaching a good therapeutic effect in essential tremor. Conclusion. High-intensity focal ultrasound guided by magnetic resonance is a minimally invasive therapeutic alternative that reduces essential tremor symptoms by a significant percentage.

Introduction: Worldwide, approximately 400,000 children and adolescents are diagnosed with cancer. Of this figure, 29,000 correspond to Latin America and the Caribbean. The main type of cancer in this age group is leukemia, leaving brain cancer as the second in frequency. Even though science has been rushing to provide greater survival, the quality of life and psychological effects produced by the disease and treatment have affected the physical and emotional stability in the patient. Objective: To detail the emotional and psychosocial repercussions on cancer patients in the infant-juvenile stage. Methodology: Nonexperimental study, descriptive type, bibliographic review. A search was carried out for articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and found in the period between 2017 and 2022. Results: The quality of life of cancer patients will be affected by the psychological and emotional effects that arise in the diagnosis and treatment. Stress, anxiety, depression, behavioral changes, and cognition are the main psychosocial repercussions. The family environment serves as support for the patient and his caregiver. Conclusions: Both the cancer patient and their family environment experience emotional and psychosocial repercussions due to diagnosis and illness. Cancer education programs in children and adolescents represent a supporting factor to cope with the disease.

Objective. The objective of the research was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of dragon's blood (Croton lechleri) on in vitro cultures of ATCC bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, at different concentrations: 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 16%, 80%, 90% and 100%. Materials and methods. A total of 54 cultures were performed, of which 27 cultures corresponded to the analysis of the extract of dragon's blood (Croton lechleri) at different concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and 27 cultures to the analysis of the extract of dragon's blood (Croton lechleri) against the bacterium Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, where 3 replicates were applied for each treatment. Results. In the results, no inhibition halo was observed for the sensitivity discs prepared at different concentrations; therefore, the ATCC bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus 25923 and Escherichia coli 25922 do not show sensitivity to dragon's blood (Croton lechleri). Conclusions. From the results obtained we can conclude that dragon's blood (Croton lechleri) does not present antibacterial activity for the ATCC bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus 25923 and Escherichia coli 25922.