Determining factors in weaning from breastfeeding in children under two years of age: a multidimensional approach

Abstract

Introduction. Breastfeeding is essential for child development, providing essential nutrients and strengthening the immune system. However, various sociocultural factors influence early weaning, which can affect the health and well-being of children under two years of age. In Ecuador, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding is variable, depending on the geographical area and the mother's educational level. Objective. Identify the determining factors in weaning from breastfeeding in children under two years of age. Methodology. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR methodology, analyzing scientific articles published between 2018 and 2023 in databases such as PubMed, SciELO and ScienceDirect. 27 studies were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The factors associated with weaning were classified into sociocultural, biological, and social categories. Results. The main factors identified include maternal age, educational level, access to breastfeeding information, labor regulations, and cultural beliefs about infant feeding. Mothers with less access to education or community support have higher rates of early weaning. Likewise, biological conditions such as hypogalactia or the perception of insufficient milk production affect the continuity of lactation. Work factors and the lack of adequate spaces to breastfeed also contribute to early abandonment. Conclusion. Weaning in children under two years of age is a process influenced by multidimensional factors. It is necessary to strengthen maternal education strategies, community support and breastfeeding protection policies to promote its continuity. Understanding these variables will allow the development of effective interventions to reduce early weaning and improve child health. General area of study: Health. Specific area of study: Nursing. Type of study: Original article.