Nursing in the suicide attempt: addressing risk factors, causes and suicidal behaviors

Abstract

Introduction. The autolytic attempt is caused by a psychological-emotional destabilization of the person, who deliberately generates violence on himself and commits the act through various means without resulting in death, but with serious injuries and has a high possibility of becoming a suicide. Objective. To analyze the risk factors and causes associated with self-inflicted attempts, as well as suicidal behaviors, through a systematic literature review. Methodology. For this study, a bibliographic review was developed in databases such as: SciELO, Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Dialnet and Redalyc, using Google Scholar and search engines in the selection of articles. Results. The authors agree that self-harming behaviors are influenced by personal, interpersonal, socioeconomic, cultural, and psychiatric factors, present at all stages of life, but more common in adolescence and adulthood. Risk factors include age, marital status, family dysfunction, substance abuse, and socioeconomic problems, among others. Biological, psychiatric, and emotional causes, such as personality disorders and depression, stand out for their high lethality. Therefore, it is essential that nursing professionals are trained to recognize and address these risk factors, focusing on prevention and timely intervention. Conclusion. The identification of multifactorial risk factors for self-injurious behavior underscores the complexity and severity of the problem, especially in vulnerable populations. The training and preventive approach of Nursing professionals are essential for early detection and effective intervention, thus contributing to the reduction of suicide attempts and their tragic consequences. General area of study: Health. Specific area of study: Nursing. Type of study: Original article.