Bacteriological characterization in the surgery and operating room areas of the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, Azogues - Ecuador

Abstract

Introduction: healthcare-associated infections are a worldwide problem, due to the increase in morbimortality rate, one of the main causes is transmission through inanimate surfaces. Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus are most prevalent in the nosocomial environment. Objective: to characterize the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from inanimate surfaces in the surgical and operating room area of the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, Azogues - Ecuador. Methodology: a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted. A total of 110 samples were collected from inanimate surfaces of the surgery and operating room of the Homero Castanier Crespo hospital. Phenotypic methods were used to identify S. aureus (Mannitol Salt Agar and rhDNase) and genotypic methods such as identification genes (nucA and femB) and resistance genes (blaZ, mecA, and vanA) by endpoint PCR. Phenotypic methods were used for enterobacteria (UTIC Chromogenic Agar). For the detection of enzymes: ESBLs, AmpC, and carbapenemases, the Kirby Bauer technique was used. Results: the frequency of S. aureus was 2.72% (3/110). The 66.6% (2/3 strains) were resistant to penicillin, 33.3% (1/3 strains) to methicillin, and 100% were sensitive to vancomycin. The frequency of E. coli was 5.45% (5/110). Conclusion: the low frequency of S. aureus and E. coli isolates is since the surfaces examined correspond to the areas of the hospital that place the greatest emphasis on the application of cleaning and disinfection protocols.