Introduction: Gamification in conjunction with ICT has currently gained ground in the educational field. Combining gaming strategies and technologies with teaching has yielded positive results at all levels of education in Ecuador. However, a limitation in rural areas is the technological infrastructure.  Objective. The present investigation consists of the elaboration of a research that deals with the use of gamification and ICT in Ecuador. Methodology. It identifies relevant research, evaluates the selected studies, analyzes the data, summarizes information, interprets the results or findings, and finally, presents the findings and conclusions of the review in a clear and precise manner, using appropriate citations and bibliographical references to support the arguments presented. Results. Interesting results are obtained among which stand out are the benefits of the use of gamification and ICT in education because there are many resources and the teaching methodology can be customized, however, it depends on the student's commitment. On the other hand, the main challenges are several, from the lack of teachers capable of implementing these methodologies to the infrastructure. Despite the limitations, there are relevant practices such as restructuring of curriculum design, stakeholder engagement. Conclusion. Gamification and the use of ICT have great potential to improve teaching and learning. There are several technological resources at different levels of complexity, however, it depends on several resources. General area of study: Education. Specific area of study: Collaborative education.

Introducción. La predicción temprana de la pancreatitis (PEP) posterior a la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) puede permitir el alta segura de los pacientes ambulatorios el mismo día después de la CPRE y un manejo adecuado más temprano. Objetivo.  Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la utilidad de los niveles de amilasa y lipasa sérica 4 horas después de la CPRE para la predicción temprana de PEP e investigar los valores de corte predictivos para los niveles de amilasa y lipasa sérica 4 horas después de la CPRE para el alta segura y el inicio urgente. de reanimación. Metodología. Se revisaron retrospectivamente los datos de 516 pacientes consecutivos con papila nativa que se sometieron a CPRE entre enero de 2020 y agosto de 2022 en el Hospital General Macas. Resultados. Los niveles séricos de amilasa y lipasa se midieron antes y 4 y 24 horas después de la CPRE. PEP ocurrió en 16 (3,1%) pacientes. Valores de p < 0,001). El nivel de amilasa > 1,5 × el límite superior de referencia (ULR) resultó útil para la exclusión de PEP con una sensibilidad del 93,8 %, mientras que 4 × ULR resultó útil para guiar la terapia preventiva con la mejor especificidad del 93,2 %. De manera similar, el nivel de lipasa 2 × ULR mostró la mejor sensibilidad, mientras que 8 × ULR tuvo la mejor especificidad. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que 4 horas después de la CPRE, el nivel de amilasa > 4 × ULR, el nivel de lipasa > 8 × ULR, la esfinterotomía precortada y la esfinterotomía pancreática fueron predictores significativos de PEP. Conclusión.  En conclusión, los niveles de amilasa y lipasa 4 horas después de la CPRE son predictores tempranos útiles de PEP que pueden garantizar un alta segura o una reanimación rápida después de la CPRE.

Introduction: Factors related to student desertion in students of the Academic Unit of Social Sciences have been evidenced, these are: economic problems, other problems, family problems and academic problems. Sociodemographic variables were included, which made it possible to establish the association between variables and factors that influence student desertion. Objective: the purpose of this article is to determine the factors that influence student desertion in the Academic Unit of Social Sciences of the Catholic University of Cuenca Cuenca-Ecuador. Methodology: the descriptive correlational method of cross-sectional cohort was used through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data entry was conducted in Excel computer software which, through exploratory analysis, made it possible to discover and correct errors. Data processing was conducted in the SPSS version 25 statistical program. Results: The main results show that the factors that influence academic desertion in this study are economic problems, other problems, family problems and academic problems. The statistically significant associations (p>0.05) were maintained for the factor’s family problems with the variable’s marital status, head of household and single parent, and other problems with the variable type of career. Conclusion: Academic desertion is more prevalent in the first cycles, with the male sex predominating with higher desertions

Abandonment of the elderly is a form of mistreatment of the elderly, which involves neglecting or leaving in vulnerable conditions those who need assistance and care, it can occur in different ways, either emotionally, physically or economically; the study aimed to analyze the abandonment of the elderly caused by family disintegration: Case San Cristobal, canton Paute province of Azuay, the basis of this research had a quantitative approach with a descriptive scope, the method used was deductive that allowed to know the facts and situations of abandonment of older adults and family disintegration in the parish, the technique used for data collection was the survey, we worked with the entire population comprised of 40 Older Adults as a unit of study. The results obtained conclude that most of them live alone, depend on their own care, very few live or receive support from their families, they are incredibly old people, which significantly affects their quality of life and hinders their social relationships.

Introduction: Education in times of pandemic, became a challenge for children and adolescents, parents and teachers, where the possibility of continuing with the teaching system propitiated positive and also negative aspects; in addition to the presence of economic, social, cultural, educational and emotional factors, same that caused instability in the teaching-learning process of children and adolescents of basic education schools in Loja canton. Objective: The present research raised as an objective to identify the factors that affect school dropout, after pandemic covid-19. Methodology: The research methodology applied in this study was through field work, using a quantitative approach. For the collection of information, surveys were conducted by means of forms, to 31 parents of dropout students and 65 teachers among all educational institutions. Results: As a result, it was obtained that students dropped out of the educational system due to factors such as: parents with limited schooling to guide academic activities, lack of motivation from parents to children, disinterest on the part of the child or adolescent to continue with the learning process, difficulty in adapting to changes, lack of employment of parents, not managing strategies for virtual education, lack of support and commitment of parents or legal representatives, special educational needs, curriculum does not respond to the interests and needs of children, lack of strategies to keep children motivated and negative emotional states such as frustration, sadness, anxiety, irritability and fear. Conclusion: As a result of the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic, the phenomenon of school desertion worsened in the basic education institutions of the city of Loja, reflecting high rates in all school cycles despite the implementation of a series of strategies at the national level.

Introduction: the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) as tools that have allowed the teaching-learning process to be developed in education, providing both teachers and students with a royal path for all forms of information, communication electronic or non-electronic instantaneous, process automation and storage of a variety of data. Due to the importance of these technologies being used effectively in the classroom, the teacher plays a crucial role in their knowledge and use. However, today's teachers are ineffective in their understanding of the potential benefits of the use of ICT in student training processes, which is evident in educational quality. Objective: to promote a change in mentality, create collaborative spaces and open up new possibilities to change the character of the school towards a more digitized education. Conclusions: the educational process of students through the analysis of information and communication technologies, as an interdisciplinary research method with a multicultural approach, strengthens the teaching-learning process.

Introduction. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a compound derived from the Cannabis sativa plant, which has garnered significant interest due to its pharmacological properties. CBD is being increasingly used in the treatment of various conditions, particularly cancer. As a result, numerous clinical trials have demonstrated its potential in managing chemotherapy side effects, thereby improving patients' quality of life and treatment adherence. Objective. This systematic review aims to analyze the most recent scientific evidence to describe the use of CBD as an alternative therapy in patients diagnosed with cancer. Methodology. The review follows the PRISMA guidelines, employing a quantitative exploratory research design with a bibliographic approach that adheres to the standards of quality and transparency expected by the scientific community and other interested parties. Results. CBD, when used as an adjunct to the therapeutic regimen, has shown promise in counteracting the side effects of chemotherapy. However, limited research and control over this drug have revealed cognitive effects in several patients. Conclusion. This review compiles recent data on the use of CBD, suggesting beneficial effects in reducing cancer-related symptoms and the side effects of conventional treatments. It generates a discussion on the efficacy of CBD as part of an oncological therapeutic regimen.

Introduction:  Cocaine is a substance with anesthetic and psychoactive activity obtained from the leaf of the coca plant. Since the need to identify this compound has been observed, various techniques have been used for the determination and visualization of the alkaloid. Objective:  Identify the problems involved in the detection of cocaine impregnated in clothing. Methodology:  Scientific articles were reviewed as a form of pre-selection, then a critical reading of the documents was conducted to finally analyze the content and order the information according to its relevance. Results:  Significant disadvantages in the detection of cocaine in different clothing materials will be exposed. Conclusion:  The exposed methods that allow detecting the presence of cocaine in textile materials or clothing have several disadvantages when performing the analysis "in situ" or in the laboratory; disadvantages such as discoloration of the results, low concentration of cocaine in the sample, spectra or plasmagrams that require interpretation by a highly qualified professional, substances that mask the cocaine or the homogeneity of the cocaine in the garment to be able to quantify it.  General science area:  Laboratory – Criminalistics / Forensics. Specific area of science: Forensic chemistry.

Introduction: Marital separation is more frequent in today's world society, compared to the past, whose origin is due to various factors (beliefs, academic training, globalization, culture, among others), with effects that often lead to emotional crises, which must be treated and analyzed from different levels, framing the damage received at a psychological and behavioral level, providing the affected person with empathic understanding so that they can function with the greatest possible clarity. Objective: This systematic review investigates which are the most effective therapies to mitigate the adverse effects and crises that occur in a divorce, previously knowing their causes, recognizing that there are affectations at an emotional level that have an impact on mental health. Methodology: Consequently, this study approaches through the PRISMA method and at a descriptive level, with a qualitative approach and non-experimental design in the databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), what has been published in the last 10 years, what is known about this problematic and collects substantial information on predictive factors, as well as successful therapeutic experiences in addressing divorce crises, resulting in 23 articles indicating that to start a therapeutic intervention it is essential to identify whether there is an affectation in the mental state of the user and its limit of repercussion, so the approach shows its effectiveness in relation to the improvement in communication, distribution of personal time. Conclusion:Traditional Behavioral Therapy and Integrative Behavioral Therapy are identified as successful since they allow psychological well-being not only during treatment but also in subsequent periods.

Introduction: this research work analyzed the violation of the Right to Defense in relation to the misuse of protection measures, specifically the inappropriate use of Aid Ballots by the alleged victim of violence against women. Objectives:  to demonstrate that it is essential to justify the facts that arise in each complaint before granting a help ticket. Methodology: this academic contribution was developed based on a qualitative approach with the collection of information, which were taken from codes, resolutions, legal articles, and studies on violence against women or members of the family nucleus. In addition, this study used analytical-synthetic methods, inductive-deductive method, as well as historical-logical, dogmatic, and research technique called literature review. Conclusions:  the conclusion of this work justified that with the misuse of the help ballots the right to defense of the accused is violated, with the immediate obtaining of the help ballots the rights of the alleged victim are protected, but the alleged offender is left defenseless. Results:  the help slips are delivered immediately to the complainant, without first making a prior investigation and without having sufficient elements of conviction. Currently, women face a constant struggle against domestic violence, however it is necessary to note that there are sanctions that could be applied to those who violate women, for example: abuse in the indiscriminate use of protection measures, a situation that causes the plethora of protection measures to break or break the presumption of innocence of the aggressor.

The purpose of this research is to analyze different investigations that deal with heat treatments in Materials Science and Engineering, and shows the impact that they generate in the improvement of properties of various materials used in different industries, depending on their application or need. Through the state of the art it was possible to establish the importance and applications of heat treatments, which are important processes that allow controlling the structure of materials and improving their physical and mechanical properties, these treatments play a crucial role in the development and improvement of materials used in various industries. As a result of the research, the theoretical bases of heat treatments are clearly determined, explaining the different types of heat treatments and the diffusion and phase transformation phenomena of each process. Finally, it was possible to establish the true purposes of heat treatments, highlighting the importance in the optimization of mechanical properties such as strength, hardness, toughness and ductility, in addition, case studies are used to exemplify how the properties of metals have improved and finally mention advanced techniques such as hardening and refinement to obtain structures such as plastic, elastic, tensile and compressive properties.  

In materials technology, the study of isotropic and anisotropic fracture criteria is essential to understand and predict the mechanical behavior of materials under different load conditions. Material fracture is an important factor to consider when designing and evaluating structures and components in a variety of industries, from aerospace and automotive to construction. Depending on their mechanical and thermal properties, materials can be isotropic, anisotropic, or orthotropic. Different methods are carried out for the study of their behavior such as: tensile test, fracture test, numerical modeling, electron microscopy, fractography and test of composite materials. To talk about the isotropic fracture analysis, the Von Mises criterion is taken into account, the same one that is used to evaluate the resistance to fracture of materials with plastic behavior. Likewise, by means of the Tsai-Wu criterion, its application is given to take into account the variations of mechanical properties in different directions in anisotropic materials, such as composites. With the present investigation it was possible to conclude that the isotropic and anisotropic fracture criteria used become the ideal and precise tools to predict the fracture behavior of materials under different load conditions.

This research focuses on an exhaustive analysis of the various investigations developed in terms of the ductile fracture mechanism, because historically, mankind has sought to understand and avoid the fracture of its constructions and artifacts. In this context, Fracture Mechanics has been a fundamental discipline, dedicated to the study of the mechanisms that govern the behavior of materials under extreme loads and stresses. The focus has been on the ductile fracture of metallic materials. By means of a qualitative methodology and a meticulous flow of steps for the selection of accurate bibliographic sources, verified information has been obtained from journals, books and documents from internet repositories. Also, a case study related to the evaluation of fracture toughness in a natural gas supply pipeline is analyzed with its respective analysis methods and results represented in mathematical tables and graphs. This study demonstrates that fracture of materials is essential to ensure the safety and structural integrity of critical systems, including those made of metallic materials.