Introduction. The educational institution is in the rural sector, in the province of Tungurahua, city of Ambato. The boys and girls have a low economic level, and family dysfunctions, which has caused: demotivation in the acquisition of knowledge, difficulties in understanding new content, low concentration and inattention; factors that have led to non-compliance with homework at the times determined by the teachers, affecting performance and academic performance; For this reason, the teacher has proposed an intervention plan with motivational strategies that address conflicts in the training area. Objective. Identify learning difficulties in the development of reading and writing, the improvement of language skills. Methodology. Through a qualitative approach, a critical study was conducted, supported by bibliographic consultations from various sources (articles, magazines, books, memories) that, with a pedagogical point of view, contributed to strengthen the potentialities. Results. The inquiry regarding literacy from philosophical currents has a positive impact on linguistics, with the purpose of reaching the social and individual conscience of students, influencing the potentialization of knowledge in an interdisciplinary work that recognizes their competences and possibilities. Conclusion. Regarding teaching and innovation through research in the field of didactics and pedagogy, it has promoted the renewal of teaching strategies and activities, generating a change that enhances guided autonomous learning, organization, planning and motivation. Area of ​​study: education, didactics, language/linguistics, pedagogy, psychology.

Introduction.  In recent times, the need has arisen to delve into the changes that this field has experienced due to the technological boom and artificial Intelligence, which despite not being a recent tool, is the utility it has generated. for different areas of knowledge. Objective.  This study focuses on analyzing the challenges and perspectives that Artificial Intelligence (AI) poses in the field of journalism. Methodology.  A qualitative methodology has been used with a descriptive approach and a hermeneutic phenomenological design, based on an exhaustive documentary review of scientific articles related to the topic. Results.  The findings show that the academy maintains a first level of epistemological challenge that suggests rethinking the curricular framework to adapt to new scenarios and those that are still being developed. Conclusion.  The general idea prevails that the journalist will inevitably have to adapt to the opportunities of Artificial Intelligence, which suggests a constant updating of knowledge; However, what is stated in this study establishes an open debate on the challenges and perspectives of AI in journalism, as it is a process under construction with a long way to go and explore.

Introduction: The budget is a fundamental tool for the harmonious and efficient administration of expenses and income of an organization. That is why both public and private companies make use of it, since it allows future situations to be foreseen, devising mechanisms and strategies that allow the proper use of available resources. Therefore, the budget is considered an instrument for planning, coordinating, and controlling activities and functions. Objectives: To provide suggestions or recommendations that allow efficient and effective administrative processes in the "EP EMAPAR" a study was carried out whose main objective was to evaluate the execution of the budget in the mentioned company. Methodology: Documentary and field research techniques were applied, with a descriptive level. Results: Once the analysis was completed through direct and documentary observation, as well as through the application of an unstructured interview, it was possible to conclude that the budget execution procedure is adequate, but it has some deficiencies, the most highlighting the failures in the distribution and execution of expenses by the company's directorates, since each of them made more than seven transfers during the year, as well as the lack of manuals of administrative norms and procedures. Conclusions: For this reason, the authorities of EP-EMAPAR are encouraged to the budget execution procedure is adequate, but it presents weaknesses in the distribution and execution of expenses by the units and administrative coordinations, for which it required more than seven transfers each, during the year.

Introduction. The tax is a payment that the State demands from its taxpayers to finance its activities or public policies. Objective. Analyze the impact of the RIMPE Entrepreneur and Popular Business on taxpayers subject to this regime in Ecuador. Methodology. The research design was based on the positivist research paradigm, type of research, non-experimental and transversal field design with documentary support, level of descriptive research, the sample of forty contributors, the questionnaire instrument was used, validated through the judgment of experts around ​​taxation and accounting. Results. Of the taxpayers surveyed, 38% disagree, 25% totally disagree, 10.00% neither agree nor disagree. When these three trends are combined, we have a total percentage of 73%, who disagree with the continuous reforms and changes that regulate compliance with tax obligations, likewise, when analyzing the projected income to be obtained vs. the taxes caused by the fiscal year 2023 to be declared in June 2024, we have a positive value 0.9961, which means that the correlation is direct positive , while r², which in the analysis of the linear trend line belongs to 0.9922, explains that the variation of 99% of the income tax is justified because the higher the income, the higher the fiscal taxes, the taxpayer must pay the SRI.  Conclusion. It was evident that entrepreneurs and popular businesses have a direct relationship with the generation of employment and can promote economic development to a greater extent, energizing the economy, commercial fluidity, creating a greater number of jobs, generating income for the treasury with the taxes and reactivating the local, regional, and national productive apparatus.

Introduction.  VSDs are the most frequent congenital cardiac deformities diagnosed in children and the second most common cardiac condition in adults. Depending on their location in the interventricular septum, they are classified as peri-membranous, sub arterial, muscular, and, at the outset, muscular, peri-membranous. Objective. To determine the management of ventricular septal defect in order to present new or instructive aspects of the disease in a clinical case. Methodology. Descriptive, retrospective, clinical case study. The technique used for the collection of the information of the case will be through the review of clinical history and for the description of the pathology will be through the compilation of articles extracted from recognized databases such as: Scopus, PorQuest, Pubmed, web of science, lilacs. Results. Patient of 18 years of age who came through the outpatient area for cardiovascular evaluation, personal history Acianogenic congenital heart disease class interventricular communication treated with surgical closure August 2019 Surgical history Fracture of right forearm, VSD closure without complications. Conclusions. Ventricular septal defect is a cardiac condition that requires medical attention and a multidisciplinary approach to its management. Early identification, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate intervention are critical to improve the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. General area of study: medicine. Specific area of study: cardiology. Type of study: clinical cases.

Introduction: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are predominantly caused by channelopathies and cardiomyopathies in the young and coronary artery disease in the elderly. Temporal factors, e.g., electrolyte imbalance, drug interactions, and substance abuse may play an additive role in arrhythmogenesis. Objective: To establish the nursing care process in the initial and advanced management of ventricular fibrillation, as well as its application in prevention strategies in the analysis of a clinical case. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective, clinical case study. The technique used for the collection of the information of the case will be through the review of clinical history and for the description of the pathology will be through the collection of articles extracted from recognized databases such as: Scopus, PorQuest, PubMed, web of science, lilacs. Inclusion criteria: articles published in the last 5 years, in Spanish and English. Results: A 78-year-old female patient, a non-smoker, was evaluated and admitted to the intensive care unit. Triple inotropic support + endotracheal intubation was started, failing to raise her blood pressure, then she presented a rhythm disorder such as ventricular fibrillation, defibrillation was performed twice with 360 Joules, then she went into asystole and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed for 20 minutes without overcoming the cardiopulmonary arrest. Conclusion: Atrial fibrillation type rhythm disorder with accelerated ventricular response. Echocardiogram: hypertensive and ischemic chronic dilated heart disease with severely depressed systolic function fevi 28%, severe dilatation of left chambers, moderate mitral and tricuspid insufficiency, moderate pulmonary hypertension. General area of study: medicine. Specific area of study: cardiology. Type of study: clinical cases.

Introduction. Pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary insufficiency are pathologies that cause alterations in blood flow within the right chambers of the heart. They are mostly presented as congenital defects, but in a large number of patients they are not diagnosed until adulthood, due to the few symptoms they usually present and due to the long latency period they have asymptomatically. Objective. To determine the main clinical manifestations and diagnostic methods of pulmonary valve pathologies through a clinical case, in order to help facilitate their early diagnosis. Methodology.  Descriptive, retrospective, clinical case study. The collection of the case information will be done by reviewing the clinical history. The expectation of the following research work is to identify the main causes, symptoms and signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary insufficiency. Results. We present the case of a 34-year-old female with a history of pulmonary valve disease in childhood and 24 hours of evolution of dyspnea and retrosternal pain. Complementary examinations were performed and stenosis with pulmonary insufficiency was diagnosed. Valve replacement surgery was performed and she was discharged with a good prognosis. Conclusion. The main manifestation of pulmonary valve diseases are characteristic manifestations of right heart failure and fluid retention. The main diagnostic study of pulmonary valve diseases is echocardiography plus Doppler study. The treatment of choice in pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary insufficiency when symptoms are severe is valve replacement. When pulmonary valve diseases are correctly diagnosed and intervened in time, they usually have a very good remission and the prognosis is favorable. General area of study: medicine. Specific area of study: cardiology. Type of study: clinical cases.

Introducción. La estenosis y la insuficiencia pulmonar, son patologías que ocasionan alteraciones en el flujo de sangre dentro de las cavidades derechas del corazón. Se presentan mayoritariamente como defectos congénitos, pero en una gran cantidad de pacientes no son diagnosticadas sino hasta llegar a la edad adulta; debido a la poca sintomatología que usualmente presentan y debido al gran periodo de latencia que tienen de forma asintomática. Objetivo. Determinar las principales manifestaciones clínicas y los métodos diagnósticos de las patologías de la válvula pulmonar a través de un caso clínico, con el fin de ayudar a facilitar sus diagnósticos tempranos. Metodología.  Estudio de caso clínico de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo. La recolección de la información del caso se realizará mediante la revisión de la historia clínica. La expectativa del siguiente trabajo de investigación es identificar las principales causas, síntomas y signos, el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la estenosis e insuficiencia pulmonar. Resultados. Presentamos el caso de una femenina de 34 años edad con antecedente de valvulopatía pulmonar en la infancia y 24 horas de evolución de disnea más dolor retroesternal. Se realizan los exámenes complementarios y se diagnostica una estenosis con insuficiencia pulmonar. Se Realiza una cirugía de reemplazo valvular y es dada de alta con buen pronóstico. Conclusión. La principal manifestación de las enfermedades de la válvula pulmonar son manifestaciones características de insuficiencia cardiaca derecha y retención de líquidos. El principal estudio diagnóstico de las enfermedades de la válvula pulmonar es la ecocardiografía más estudio Doppler. El tratamiento de elección en estenosis e insuficiencia pulmonar cuando los síntomas son graves es el reemplazo valvular. Las enfermedades valvulares pulmonares cuando son diagnosticadas correctamente e intervenidas a tiempo, suelen tener una remisión muy buena y el pronóstico es favorable. Área de estudio general: medicina. Área de estudio específica: cardiología. Tipo de estudio: Casos clínicos.