Sustainable indicators for Cuenca city: access to public equipment- recreation

The International Development Bank, through their initiative for emerging and sustainable cities, proposes some aspects for a city to be sustainable; Cuenca, due to its characteristics, is considered an intermediate city, a model of economic, social, and cultural growth. The present work do an exploratory-descriptive investigation to determine sustainable indicators of Access to recreational public equipment suitable for Cuenca through the analysis of: Sustainable Development Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, Methodological Guide-Emerging and sustainable Cities Initiative, Sustainable development of communities-Indicators for city services and quality of life- ISO 37120, Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency for Cities, Guide: Cities and Communities-Plan and Design, BREEAM Communities Technical Manual, from which internationally proposed indicators are extracted, which are subjected to a qualification process through the experts judgment in the area and to a content validation process where it is determined if they are applicable in the Cuenca city, finally the evaluation of one the indicators obtained randomly is carried out. All the indicators subjected to qualification and evaluation are applicable for the Cuenca city, however, with the evaluation of one of these indicators we can know the current state of the city in certain sustainable aspects. The application of sustainability indicators during the planning of all recreation projects will contribute to make the Cuenca city more sustainable every day; with an environmental, economic, and social balance will be achieved; Likewise, all professionals linked to planning, execution of works, maintenance, etc. should also be promoted.

Mónica Maribel Ávila Méndez, César Maldonado Noboa, Cristian Eduardo Peñafiel Ortega

6-26

Urban sustainability indicators for Cuenca city: Residential solid and construction waste

Introduction. The development and urban changes in the city of Cuenca are like other locations of the region. A region where the implementation of urban sustainability indicators guides the different cities to the search of approaches that promote the sustainable development of its three main axis: economic, environmental, and social; generating benefits to the environment at the same time as well as the quality of life of its inhabitants. Objective. The objective of this investigation is to determine the urban sustainability indicators, construction and residential waste that could apply to Cuenca city. Methodology. This investigation is going to be develop by using a methodology that involves investigation, revision, and compilation of existent literature of the international framework about the sustainability indicators. In addition, the creation of a framework will help to design a matrix of basic indicators for construction and solid waste. Thus, these indicators are going to be homologated based on their similar criteria with respect of the initial objectives; evaluation and methodology to obtain a set of urban construction and solid waste sustainability indicators that can be applied at local level in Cuenca. These indicators are going to be valid throughout some experts’ criteria that back them up in the adequacy, clearness, importance, and coherence sense of the presented indicators. Results. Finally, with the obtained information from Municipal Public Company of Clean de Cuenca-EMAC-EP, four indicators will be applied to determine whether the city presents sustainability indexes with respect to construction and solid waste management. Conclusion. The results of the presented research will be important because of its capacity to contribute to the sustainability development of the city.

José Jacinto Barbecho Benavides, Pedro Javier Angumba Aguilar, Juan Francisco Cazorla , Juan Felipe Quesada Molina

27-45

Proposal, sustainable mobility indicators for the city of Cuenca, Ecuador

Introduction. Today, sustainable development plays an important part in cities that have the particularity of being fast-growing economies and medium-sized populations, such as the city of Cuenca. Among several goals of sustainable development, the following exploratory-descriptive research focuses on sustainable mobility. Goal. To have a proposal for indicators, a review and analysis of the following methodological guidelines was conducted: 1. 3.ª Edition BID: Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative., 2.ISO 37120: Sustainable Development of Communities and 3. Sustainable Development Goal 11, basic documents that are the starting point for this research. In the same way, the following evaluation tools were studied: 1.  BREEAM (BRE Environmental Assessment Method), 2. CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency) y 3. LEED v4.1 (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design). As a complement, a review of a case study called: Evaluation of urban transport and impacts of COVID-19 on mobility of the United Nations ESCAP was also conducted. Methodology. The determination of the proposal of indicators was conducted through a score with criteria of sufficiency, clarity, relevance, and coherence, this was made out by a judgment of experts, who did the analysis and put the score. Results. Proposing a total of sixteen indicators, these were obtained from the approved forty-three that were selected from the initial study of the mentioned bibliography. Conclusions. All the proposed indicators are important since the majority achieve a high score according to the highlighted criteria. Three indicators of relevance were evaluated, the same ones that, based on their calculated value, allowed the appreciation of sustainability compliance, medium sustainability, and non-sustainability in the city of Cuenca.

Christian Fabián Guerrero Dumas, César Maldonado Noboa, Deisy Katerine Reyes Rodas , Marco Ávila Calle

46-65

Indicators of urban sustainability for the city of Cuenca-Ecuador: recreational spaces and green areas

Introduction. According to (Michelsen et al., 2016, p. 17). whom have determined four dimensions of sustainability: economic, social, cultural, and environmental; the same ones that are not mutually exclusive and can reinforce one another? Methodology. Based on this, the following investigation is of an exploratory-descriptive nature, focusing on recreational spaces and green areas within the city of Cuenca, thus achieving equity in future projects between professionals and those outside the branch of what encompasses architecture, projects focused on all types of people, with the identification of the respective indicators based on methodological guides such as: Methodological Guide, Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (2016)., ISO 37120 (2014)., Sustainable Development Goal 11 (2019)., making sure cities and human settlements are inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. Additionally, the respective evaluation tools such as: Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology, BREEAM (2012)., Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency CASBEE (2012)., LEED v4.1 Cities and Communities (2020). For the approved indicators, a score was made based on Sufficiency, Clarity, Relevance and Coherence methods through a spreadsheet designed and, a process of expert judgment, who based on their experience and expertise contributed conclusively.

Andrea Paulina Morocho Sanmartín, Juan Felipe Quesada Molina, Jaime Ramiro Quezada Ortega

86-104

Urban sustainability indicators for the city of Cuenca-Ecuador: sustainable construction of buildings

Introduction. In Ecuador, the urban explosion presents scenes of inequity, which poses new challenges such as recovering urban land, generating adequate housing, and mitigating environmental impacts to provide the inhabitants with comfort and a healthy environment. In Azuay province, 50% of families either do not own a home or dwell in inadequate housing with problems involving vulnerability and riskiness of the materials used for construction, lack of basic services, housing developing in high-risk areas, or poor air quality, among others. In the last two decades in some Latin American cities, the average annual growth of the urban footprint has been 3-4% while in Ecuador; Cuenca is the third city with the largest metropolitan area. Objective. Assess a framework of Sustainable Urban Indicators proposed based on the results from the analysis of the most relevant international techniques and methodologies. Methodology. The level of research is descriptive, the research design was qualitative, prospective and cross-sectional. The most relevant bibliography on the subject was analyzed, a set of indicators validated by expert judgment was obtained. Results. The final document, containing a set of Sustainable Indicators that can be applied to the local context and which come from a process of determination, selection, validation and application of universal indicators, will be a contribution to the community. Conclusion. It was concluded that, in the city of Cuenca, there is no priority for sustainable construction to develop, one of the aspects that influences it is the lack of clear policies and incentives for stakeholders to consider all processes in their projects, which are involved during the life cycle of a sustainable building.

Paola Alejandra Ortiz Benavides, Juan Felipe Quesada Molina

105-125