Estrategias del enfoque comunicativo para mejorar la producción oral de los estudiantes de nivel A2
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Published:
Dec 5, 2021
Keywords:
communication, competence, strategy, oral production, language skills
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Abstract
Introduction: communication is the essence of life; at all levels, it cannot be seen only verbally or extra verbally, but in the process of interaction with the surrounding environment. Objective: his literature review aimed to analyze the efficiency of the different communicative language teaching strategies applied in the language classroom and their improvement in students’ oral production. Method: it accomplished a bibliographical analysis of 51 sources in the communicative approach field regarding strategies in spoken production of the English language. The searching emphasized the effectiveness of the different communicative language teaching strategies applied in the language classroom and the students’ enhancement in their oral production. This article selected several research tools such as books, scientific articles from indexed journals, and graduate theses. A meticulous search was carried out in databases such as Dialnet, Scielo, Eric, Google scholar, Semantics Scholar, Research Gate, and university digital repositories. Results: the most common and effective communicative approach strategies for oral production in the English language were identified; for example, debate, class presentations, problem-solving, modeling, comprehension questions, dialogs, pair and group work, role play, peer teaching, project-based, jigsaw, games, songs, use of realia, and authentic materials. Conclusion: the efficiency of the communicative language teaching strategies was widely proved; for that reason, their employment is highly recommended to contribute to the students’ oral production enhancement.
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Vélez Yanza, P. A., & Paredes Rodríguez, L. A. (2021). Estrategias del enfoque comunicativo para mejorar la producción oral de los estudiantes de nivel A2 . ConcienciaDigital, 4(4.2), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.33262/concienciadigital.v4i4.2.1935
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References
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AL-Garni, A. S., & Almuhammadi, A. (2019). The Effect of Using Communicative Language Teaching Activities on EFL Students’ Speaking Skills at the University of Jeddah. English Language Teaching; Vol. 12, No. 6, 72-86.
Ausubel, D. (1973). La educación y la estructura del conocimiento. Investigaciones sobre el proceso de aprendizaje y la naturaleza de las disciplinas que integran el currículum., 211-239.
Barberán, J. (2017, December 9). Enfoque comunicativo formal (PCA) en la producción oral del idioma inglés en la. Retrieved from Universidad Central del Ecuador - Repositorio Digital: http://www.dspace.uce.edu.ec/bitstream/25000/13857/1/T-UCE-0010-ISIP014-2017.pdf
Beltran, M. (2017). El aprendizaje del idioma inglés como Lengua Extranjera. Dialnet, 91-98.
Benítez, O. (2007). Las tareas comunicativas en el aprendizaje de las lenguas extranjeras: una alternativa para el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 42-64.
Blair, R. (1982). Innovative approaches to language teaching. Rowley: Newbury house.
Bushra Qamar, M. (2016). The Impact of Learner’s Autonomy on Teaching Oral Skills (Speaking Skills) in an EFL classroom. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 7, No. 2, March 2016, 293-298.
Calle, A. M., Calle, S., Argudo, J., Moscoso, E., Smith, A., & Cabrera, P. (2012). Los profesores de inglés y su práctica docente: Un estudio de caso de los colegios fiscales de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. MASKANA, 3 (2), 1-17. http://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/5405
Carvajal, D. (2020). The Communicative Approach and Its Effectiveness to Get B2 Level in English Conversation Skill in Adult Learners. Retrieved from Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/344724068.pdf
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. https://rm.coe.int/16802fc1bf
Cristal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Darcy, I. (2018). Powerful and Effective Pronunciation Instruction: How Can We Achieve It? The CATESOL journal, 1-33.
Denkci-Akkas, F., & Coker, B. (2016). The Use of Communicative Approach in 9th Grade EFL classes. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, Issue 65, 71-90.
Devia Grisales, M. S., & García Cruz, A. S. (2017). Oral Skills Development Through the Use of Language Learning Strategies, Podcasting and Collaborative Work1. Gist Education and Learning Research Journal. ISSN 1692-5777. Vol. 14, 32-48.
Dewi, R. S., Kultsum, U., & Armadi, A. (2017). Using Communicative Games in Improving Students' Speaking Skills. English Language Teaching, v10 n1, 63-71.
Dos Santos, L. (2016). Foreign language teachers' professional development through peer observation programmed. English Language Teaching, 9(10), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n10p39
Dos Santos, L. (2017). How do teachers make sense of peer observation professional development in an Urban School. International Education Studies, 10(1), 255-265. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n1p255
Education First. (2021). Index del EF English Proficiency. https://www.ef.com.ec/epi/regions/latin-america/ecuador/
Espinoza, k., & Cortez, V. (2019, August 16). Estrategia Metodológica para el Desarrollo del Proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje de la Lengua y Literatura desde un Enfoque Comunicativo.http://repositorio.unae.edu.ec/bitstream/56000/1118/1/El%20enfoque%20comunicativo.pdf
Fitri, A. (2020). The approach strategy of communicative language teaching. Retrieved from Academia: https://www.academia.edu/37026594/THE_APPROACH_STRATEGY_OF_COMMUNICATIVE_LANGUAGE_TEACHING_FOR_LEARNERS
Guado, N. (2021). Communicative language teaching approach in the development of speaking skill. Explorador Digital, 5(3), 17-37. http://doi.org/10.33262/exploradordigital.v5i3.1750
Harmer, J. (2007). The Practice of Language Teaching. United Kingdom: Longman Publishers.
Hou, Y., Hou, Y., & Chen, L. (2021). A Study of Communicative Language Teaching for EFL at Junior College in Taiwan. The International Journal of Pedagogy and Curriculum, 28 (2), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-7963/CGP/v28i02/51-63
Hyuningsi, S. (2019). Using Communicative Language Teaching Approach to Improve Students’ Speaking Ability. Retrieved from Muhammadiyah University of Makassar: https://digilibadmin.unismuh.ac.id/upload/7100-Full_Text.pdf
Kholstinina, T., Vekovishcheva, S., & Kochetova, A. (2021). A modern approach to communicative language teaching in English classes in high school. E3S Web of Conferences 284, 08005, 1-9.
Lai-Mei, L., & Seyedeh Masoumeh, A. (2017). An Analysis of Factors Influencing Learners’ English-Speaking Skill. International Journal of Research in English Education, 34-41.
Levina, P. (2017). Communicative Approach Strategies to English Language Teaching in Tanzanian Secondary Schools: Are They Really Working? http://scholar.mzumbe.ac.tz/bitstream/handle/11192/2208/MA-ED_Levina-Paschal_2017.pdf?sequence=1
Lobachova, I. (2019). The Communicative Approach as a Strategy of Developing Foreign Language Speaking Competence. http://profped.ddpu.edu.ua/article/view/174540/174516
Maulana, A., Musthafa, I., & Hayati, T. (2020). The Efficiency of Teaching Listening and Speaking Skills to Develop Students' Communicative Competences. Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(3), 802-808.
Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. (2016). English as a Foreign Language for Subnivel Bachillerato. Quito: Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador.
Molina, E. (2018). El Método Comunicativo en el desarrollo de la Producción Oral del francés nivel B1 de los estudiantes de Sexto Semestre de la carrera Plurilingüe de la Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Central del Ecuador durante el período académico 2018-2018. [Bachelor 's thesis, Universidad Central del Ecuador]. Quito: UCE. http://www.dspace.uce.edu.ec/handle/25000/22821
Mwelwa, W., & Mwanza, D. S. (2020). Analyzing teaching strategies teachers use to develop communicative competence in secondary school English language learners. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE). Volume 7, Issue 3, 43-54.
Naranjo, X., & Naranjo, M. (2017). Effective pedagogical practices to develop communicative competences in large EFL classrooms. Revista Publicando, 4 No 12. (1). ISSN 1390-9304, 269-283.
Norris, J., & Ortega, L. (2000). Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantitative meta‐analysis. Language learning, 50(3), 417-528.
Ochoa, C., Cabrera, P., Quiñónez, A., Castillo, L., & González, P. (2016). The Effect of Communicative Activities on EFL Learners ‘Motivation: A Case of Students in the Amazon Region of Ecuador. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 1-10.
Ounis, T. (2016). Exploring the Use of Oral Communication Strategies by High and Low Proficiency learners of English: Tunisian EFL students as a case study. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies ISSN 2356-5926. Vol. 3, 1077-1098.
Phoeun, M., & Sengsri, S. (2021). The Effect of a Flipped Classroom with Communicative Language Teaching Approach on Undergraduate Students’ English-Speaking Ability. International Journal of Instruction, 14(3), 1025-1042.
Rabab’ah, G. (2016). The effect of communication strategy training on the development of EFL learners’ strategic competence and oral communicative ability. Journal of psycholinguistic research, 45(3), 625-651.doi:10.1007/s10936-015-9365-3
Radosavlevikj, N. (2021). Teachers’ and students’ perceptions and challenges in communicative language teaching. Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes, 307-317. https://doi.org/10.22190/JTESAP2003307R
Rambe, S. (2017). Communicative Language Teaching. English Education. Vol. 5. N.2., 54-66.
Richards, J., & Rodgers, T. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. (2006). Communicative Language Teaching Today. Cambridge University Press.
Richkeit, G. & Hans, S. (2008). Handbook of Communicative Competence. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110199000
Rubin, J. (1981). Study of cognitive processes in second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 11, 117- 131.
Savignon, S. (2002). Interpreting Communicative Language Teaching: contexts and concerns in teacher education. Yale University Press.
Sekiziyivu, S., & Mugimu, C. (2017). Communicative Language Teaching Strategies for German as a Foreign Language in Uganda. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, 8-15.
Sheeba, W. & Karthikeyan, J. (2020). Humanizing English speaking skill using CLT among students from rural background. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(7s), 1419 - 1423.
Smith, K. (1996). Cooperative learning: Making “groupwork” work. San Francisco: Josey Bass.
Tootkaboni, A. (2019). Teachers' beliefs and practices towards communicative language teaching in the expanding circle. Revista signos: estudios de lingüística, 52(100), 265-289. doi: 10.4067/S0718-09342019000200265
Toro, V., Camacho-Minuche, G., Pinza-Tapia, E., & Paredes, F. (2019). The Use of the Communicative Language Teaching Approach to Improve Students’ Oral Skills. English Language Teaching; Vol. 12, No. 1, 110-118.
Vaca, A., & Gómez, F. (2017). Increasing EFL Learners' Oral Production at a Public School Through Project-Based Learning. Profile Issues in Teachers` Professional Development. Print version ISSN 1657-0790, 1-10.
Yanti, G. (2017). Communicative Language Teaching: The Perceptions of English Teachers in Mempawah Hilir. Jurnal Ilmiah Spectral, 3(1), 019-025. https://doi.org/10.47255/spectral.v3i1.14
Yule, D. (2010). The Study of Language. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Zyoud, M. (2016). Theoretical Perspective on How to Develop Speaking Skill among University Students. Pune Research Scholar Vol. 2. Issue 1, 1-10.
AL-Garni, A. S., & Almuhammadi, A. (2019). The Effect of Using Communicative Language Teaching Activities on EFL Students’ Speaking Skills at the University of Jeddah. English Language Teaching; Vol. 12, No. 6, 72-86.
Ausubel, D. (1973). La educación y la estructura del conocimiento. Investigaciones sobre el proceso de aprendizaje y la naturaleza de las disciplinas que integran el currículum., 211-239.
Barberán, J. (2017, December 9). Enfoque comunicativo formal (PCA) en la producción oral del idioma inglés en la. Retrieved from Universidad Central del Ecuador - Repositorio Digital: http://www.dspace.uce.edu.ec/bitstream/25000/13857/1/T-UCE-0010-ISIP014-2017.pdf
Beltran, M. (2017). El aprendizaje del idioma inglés como Lengua Extranjera. Dialnet, 91-98.
Benítez, O. (2007). Las tareas comunicativas en el aprendizaje de las lenguas extranjeras: una alternativa para el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 42-64.
Blair, R. (1982). Innovative approaches to language teaching. Rowley: Newbury house.
Bushra Qamar, M. (2016). The Impact of Learner’s Autonomy on Teaching Oral Skills (Speaking Skills) in an EFL classroom. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 7, No. 2, March 2016, 293-298.
Calle, A. M., Calle, S., Argudo, J., Moscoso, E., Smith, A., & Cabrera, P. (2012). Los profesores de inglés y su práctica docente: Un estudio de caso de los colegios fiscales de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. MASKANA, 3 (2), 1-17. http://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/5405
Carvajal, D. (2020). The Communicative Approach and Its Effectiveness to Get B2 Level in English Conversation Skill in Adult Learners. Retrieved from Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/344724068.pdf
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. https://rm.coe.int/16802fc1bf
Cristal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Darcy, I. (2018). Powerful and Effective Pronunciation Instruction: How Can We Achieve It? The CATESOL journal, 1-33.
Denkci-Akkas, F., & Coker, B. (2016). The Use of Communicative Approach in 9th Grade EFL classes. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, Issue 65, 71-90.
Devia Grisales, M. S., & García Cruz, A. S. (2017). Oral Skills Development Through the Use of Language Learning Strategies, Podcasting and Collaborative Work1. Gist Education and Learning Research Journal. ISSN 1692-5777. Vol. 14, 32-48.
Dewi, R. S., Kultsum, U., & Armadi, A. (2017). Using Communicative Games in Improving Students' Speaking Skills. English Language Teaching, v10 n1, 63-71.
Dos Santos, L. (2016). Foreign language teachers' professional development through peer observation programmed. English Language Teaching, 9(10), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n10p39
Dos Santos, L. (2017). How do teachers make sense of peer observation professional development in an Urban School. International Education Studies, 10(1), 255-265. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n1p255
Education First. (2021). Index del EF English Proficiency. https://www.ef.com.ec/epi/regions/latin-america/ecuador/
Espinoza, k., & Cortez, V. (2019, August 16). Estrategia Metodológica para el Desarrollo del Proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje de la Lengua y Literatura desde un Enfoque Comunicativo.http://repositorio.unae.edu.ec/bitstream/56000/1118/1/El%20enfoque%20comunicativo.pdf
Fitri, A. (2020). The approach strategy of communicative language teaching. Retrieved from Academia: https://www.academia.edu/37026594/THE_APPROACH_STRATEGY_OF_COMMUNICATIVE_LANGUAGE_TEACHING_FOR_LEARNERS
Guado, N. (2021). Communicative language teaching approach in the development of speaking skill. Explorador Digital, 5(3), 17-37. http://doi.org/10.33262/exploradordigital.v5i3.1750
Harmer, J. (2007). The Practice of Language Teaching. United Kingdom: Longman Publishers.
Hou, Y., Hou, Y., & Chen, L. (2021). A Study of Communicative Language Teaching for EFL at Junior College in Taiwan. The International Journal of Pedagogy and Curriculum, 28 (2), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-7963/CGP/v28i02/51-63
Hyuningsi, S. (2019). Using Communicative Language Teaching Approach to Improve Students’ Speaking Ability. Retrieved from Muhammadiyah University of Makassar: https://digilibadmin.unismuh.ac.id/upload/7100-Full_Text.pdf
Kholstinina, T., Vekovishcheva, S., & Kochetova, A. (2021). A modern approach to communicative language teaching in English classes in high school. E3S Web of Conferences 284, 08005, 1-9.
Lai-Mei, L., & Seyedeh Masoumeh, A. (2017). An Analysis of Factors Influencing Learners’ English-Speaking Skill. International Journal of Research in English Education, 34-41.
Levina, P. (2017). Communicative Approach Strategies to English Language Teaching in Tanzanian Secondary Schools: Are They Really Working? http://scholar.mzumbe.ac.tz/bitstream/handle/11192/2208/MA-ED_Levina-Paschal_2017.pdf?sequence=1
Lobachova, I. (2019). The Communicative Approach as a Strategy of Developing Foreign Language Speaking Competence. http://profped.ddpu.edu.ua/article/view/174540/174516
Maulana, A., Musthafa, I., & Hayati, T. (2020). The Efficiency of Teaching Listening and Speaking Skills to Develop Students' Communicative Competences. Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(3), 802-808.
Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. (2016). English as a Foreign Language for Subnivel Bachillerato. Quito: Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador.
Molina, E. (2018). El Método Comunicativo en el desarrollo de la Producción Oral del francés nivel B1 de los estudiantes de Sexto Semestre de la carrera Plurilingüe de la Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Central del Ecuador durante el período académico 2018-2018. [Bachelor 's thesis, Universidad Central del Ecuador]. Quito: UCE. http://www.dspace.uce.edu.ec/handle/25000/22821
Mwelwa, W., & Mwanza, D. S. (2020). Analyzing teaching strategies teachers use to develop communicative competence in secondary school English language learners. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE). Volume 7, Issue 3, 43-54.
Naranjo, X., & Naranjo, M. (2017). Effective pedagogical practices to develop communicative competences in large EFL classrooms. Revista Publicando, 4 No 12. (1). ISSN 1390-9304, 269-283.
Norris, J., & Ortega, L. (2000). Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantitative meta‐analysis. Language learning, 50(3), 417-528.
Ochoa, C., Cabrera, P., Quiñónez, A., Castillo, L., & González, P. (2016). The Effect of Communicative Activities on EFL Learners ‘Motivation: A Case of Students in the Amazon Region of Ecuador. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 1-10.
Ounis, T. (2016). Exploring the Use of Oral Communication Strategies by High and Low Proficiency learners of English: Tunisian EFL students as a case study. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies ISSN 2356-5926. Vol. 3, 1077-1098.
Phoeun, M., & Sengsri, S. (2021). The Effect of a Flipped Classroom with Communicative Language Teaching Approach on Undergraduate Students’ English-Speaking Ability. International Journal of Instruction, 14(3), 1025-1042.
Rabab’ah, G. (2016). The effect of communication strategy training on the development of EFL learners’ strategic competence and oral communicative ability. Journal of psycholinguistic research, 45(3), 625-651.doi:10.1007/s10936-015-9365-3
Radosavlevikj, N. (2021). Teachers’ and students’ perceptions and challenges in communicative language teaching. Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes, 307-317. https://doi.org/10.22190/JTESAP2003307R
Rambe, S. (2017). Communicative Language Teaching. English Education. Vol. 5. N.2., 54-66.
Richards, J., & Rodgers, T. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. (2006). Communicative Language Teaching Today. Cambridge University Press.
Richkeit, G. & Hans, S. (2008). Handbook of Communicative Competence. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110199000
Rubin, J. (1981). Study of cognitive processes in second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 11, 117- 131.
Savignon, S. (2002). Interpreting Communicative Language Teaching: contexts and concerns in teacher education. Yale University Press.
Sekiziyivu, S., & Mugimu, C. (2017). Communicative Language Teaching Strategies for German as a Foreign Language in Uganda. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, 8-15.
Sheeba, W. & Karthikeyan, J. (2020). Humanizing English speaking skill using CLT among students from rural background. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(7s), 1419 - 1423.
Smith, K. (1996). Cooperative learning: Making “groupwork” work. San Francisco: Josey Bass.
Tootkaboni, A. (2019). Teachers' beliefs and practices towards communicative language teaching in the expanding circle. Revista signos: estudios de lingüística, 52(100), 265-289. doi: 10.4067/S0718-09342019000200265
Toro, V., Camacho-Minuche, G., Pinza-Tapia, E., & Paredes, F. (2019). The Use of the Communicative Language Teaching Approach to Improve Students’ Oral Skills. English Language Teaching; Vol. 12, No. 1, 110-118.
Vaca, A., & Gómez, F. (2017). Increasing EFL Learners' Oral Production at a Public School Through Project-Based Learning. Profile Issues in Teachers` Professional Development. Print version ISSN 1657-0790, 1-10.
Yanti, G. (2017). Communicative Language Teaching: The Perceptions of English Teachers in Mempawah Hilir. Jurnal Ilmiah Spectral, 3(1), 019-025. https://doi.org/10.47255/spectral.v3i1.14
Yule, D. (2010). The Study of Language. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Zyoud, M. (2016). Theoretical Perspective on How to Develop Speaking Skill among University Students. Pune Research Scholar Vol. 2. Issue 1, 1-10.