Design and implementation of a single axis solar tracker for the optimization of a 100 W photovoltaic system applying mathematical calculations and industrial automation
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Abstract
This work focuses on the design of a single-axis solar tracker, which will allow the optimization of energy capture from a 100-watt photovoltaic solar system implemented in the city of Riobamba, province of Chimborazo. Initially, mathematical calculations are carried out on environmental and physical parameters important in the selection of the optimal materials for the mechanical structure of the solar tracking system and its construction, also important for the proper selection of the electronic and automatic control elements necessary for the single-axis solar tracker. The designed system is composed of electronic sensors of current, voltage, irradiance and HDR's, which make it possible to calculate the nominal power generated by the solar tracker, the total irradiance captured by the solar panel over time during the day, solar elevation angle (altitude) and solar azimuth angle; values from which and using mathematical methods, programming and automatic control techniques, have allowed in this work to design and program 2 solar tracking algorithms: solar tracking by astronomical programming and solar tracking by light point, guaranteeing with them an incidence perpendicular to the sun on the system during the day and thus achieving the objective of maximum energy capture and maximum production of the photovoltaic system. In the system, the information obtained from the census variables and the calculated values is stored on a microSD memory card and through an ethernet connection the user can view them in real time through a graphic interface (HMI). Finally, once the monitoring algorithms have been implemented and the system is in operation, using as a reference a 100 W photovoltaic system with fixed positioning installed in the city of Riobamba under the same conditions as the single axis solar monitoring system, it is carried out a comparison between this and the photovoltaic system for solar tracking of a horizontal axis, counteracting the values of the surveyed variables and the calculated values of nominal power, irradiance, solar elevation angle (altitude) and solar azimuth angle measured for each one systems. From which it is concluded that the one-axis solar tracking system exceeds the fixed photovoltaic system in efficiency in values between 8.51% to 35.46%.
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