Molecular markers for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer

Abstract

Introduction. Currently, molecular markers are of great importance as a diagnostic tool in different oncological pathologies such as malignant thyroid cancer. Aim. The present work aims to describe molecular markers for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Methodology. The study is documentary, descriptive, transversal, retrospective. The population was made up of 2,893 scientific documents, from which a sample of 26 documents was extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. The disease in question is recognized as one of the least common thyroid conditions since it only makes up 4 - 6.5%, a range within which various types can be found such as papillary, follicular and anaplastic. Despite the low percentage of thyroid cancer for several years, its diagnosis has included various unnecessary surgical interventions, so in the main molecular markers, specifically the BRAFV600E gene, considered the most common with 40 - 80% of mutations in papillary cancer . thyroid; The RAS gene is less influential in thyroid cancer with 6% to 20%, with a greater presence in follicular type cancer and an incidence of 28% to 50%; and to a lesser extent the RET and TER gene is present. Conclusion. Finally, we seek to demonstrate that the validity of these molecular markers in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer is broad, especially in the search for less invasive alternatives and at the same time recognize the levels of sensitivity and specificity that they present. General study area: Clinical Laboratory. Specific study area: Molecular Biology. Type of study: Original Article