Efficacy of using probiotics as prophylaxis in patients with minimal change hepatic encephalopathy
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Publicación 1. Vol 6. Num 4 (Español (España))
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Published:
Oct 5, 2023
Keywords:
Alcoholic, Cirrhosis; Encephalopathy; Hepatic; Liver; Probiotics.
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Abstract
Introduction: Minimal change hepatic encephalopathy is the mildest presentation characterized by nonspecific subclinical alterations not evident through physical examination. It is attributed to the liver's inability to eliminate toxins originating in the intestine, with ammonia being the primary toxin. Probiotics are currently considered a significant advancement in the management of this condition, as they act to reduce the quantity of pathogenic microorganisms, thus mitigating excess ammonia in the brain. Objective: To describe the efficacy of probiotics as secondary prophylaxis in patients with minimal change hepatic encephalopathy. Methodology: This is a narrative literature review, involving a comprehensive examination of the literature on the effectiveness of probiotics in patients with minimal change hepatic encephalopathy, sourced from scientific databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct, using the PRISMA strategy. Results: A total of fifty-one studies were reviewed, gathering key recommendations regarding the significance of diagnosing streptococcus B hemolyticus during pregnancy from scientific databases, including PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct, employing the PRISMA strategy. Conclusion: The use of probiotics has demonstrated positive effects in the management and prevention of minimal change hepatic encephalopathy, especially when employed in various combinations of bacterial strains and other adjunctive medications. Additionally, it should be noted that probiotics are cost-effective and readily accessible. The studies presented highlight their efficacy in treating various hepatopathies and preventing cirrhosis-related complications, due to their ability to modulate intestinal flora, intestinal permeability, and immune response. General Study Area: Medicine. Specific Study Area: General Medicine.
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Toaza Gutama, D. C., & Orellana Bernal, P. V. (2023). Efficacy of using probiotics as prophylaxis in patients with minimal change hepatic encephalopathy. ConcienciaDigital, 6(4), 6-32. https://doi.org/10.33262/concienciadigital.v6i4.2695
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References
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Ahmadi, S., Wang, S., Nagpal, R., Wang, B., Jain, S., Razazan, A., & Wang, T. D. (2019). A human-origin probiotic cocktail ameliorates aging-related leaky gut and inflammation via modulating the microbiota/taurine/tight junction axis. JCI Insight, 5(9), e132055.
Bellafante, D., Gioia, S., Faccioli, J., Riggio, O., Ridola, L., & Nardelli, S. (2023). Old and New Precipitants in Hepatic Encephalopathy: A New Look at a Field in Continuous Evolution. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(3), 1187.
Butterworth, R. F. (2019). Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis: Pathology and Pathophysiology. Drugs, 79(Suppl 1), 17-21.
Coronel-Castillo, C. E., Contreras-Carmona, J., Frati-Munari, A. C., Uribe, M., & Méndez-Sánchez, N. (2020). Efficacy of rifaximin in the different clinical scenarios of hepatic encephalopathy. Revista de Gastroenterología de México, 85(1), 56-68.
Di Marco, L., La Mantia, C., & Di Marco, V. (2022). Hepatitis C: Standard of Treatment and What to Do for Global Elimination. Viruses, 14(3), 505.
Enomoto, H., Ueno, Y., Hiasa, Y., Nishikawa, H., Hige, S., Takikawa, Y., ... & Nishiguchi, S. (2020). Transition in the etiology of liver cirrhosis in Japan: a nationwide survey. Journal of Gastroenterology, 55(3), 353-362.
Faccioli, J., Nardelli, S., Gioia, S., Riggio, O., & Ridola, L. (2022). Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy Affects Daily Life of Cirrhotic Patients: A Viewpoint on Clinical Consequences and Therapeutic Opportunities. *Journal of Clinical Medicine*, 11(23), 7246.
González-Regueiro, J. A., Higuera-de la Tijera, M. F., Moreno-Alcántar, R., & Torre, A. (2019). Fisiopatología y opciones de tratamiento a futuro en la encefalopatía hepática. Revista de Gastroenterología de México, 84(2), 195-203.
Green, E. W., & Mitra, A. (2022). Diagnosis and management of hepatic encephalopathy: A summary for patients. *Clinical Liver Disease*, 20(3), 90-92.
Grgurevic, I., Podrug, K., Mikolasevic, I., Kukla, M., Madir, A., & Tsochatzis, E. A. (2020). Natural History of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Implications for Clinical Practice and an Individualized Approach. *Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology*, 2020, e9181368.
Gu, W., Hortlik, H., Erasmus, H. P., Schaaf, L., Zeleke, Y., Uschner, F. E., ... & Más autores. (2022). Trends and the course of liver cirrhosis and its complications in Germany: Nationwide population-based study (2005 to 2018).
Hepatic Encephalopathy: Definition, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features of Hepatic Encephalopathy. (2023, June 30). [Citado el 7 de julio de 2023].
Huang, D. Q., Terrault, N. A., Tacke, F., Gluud, L. L., Arrese, M., Bugianesi, E., ... & Más autores. (2023). Global epidemiology of cirrhosis — aetiology, trends, and predictions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1-11.
Jalan, R., & Rose, C. F. (2022). Heretical thoughts into hepatic encephalopathy. Journal of Hepatology, 77(2), 539-548.
Kasper, P., Tacke, F., & Michels, G. (2022). [Management of acutely decompensated liver cirrhosis in emergency and critical care medicine]. *Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin*, 117(1), 73-82.
Li, B., Zhang, C., & Zhan, Y. T. (2018). Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Cirrhosis: A Review of Its Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis. *Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology*, 2018, e2784537.
Luo, M., Ma, P., Li, L., & Cao, W. K. (2019). Advances in psychometric tests for screening minimal hepatic encephalopathy: From paper-and-pencil to computer-aided assessment. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology: The Official Journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology, 30(5), 398-407.
Luo, M., Yu, X. B., Hu, S. J., & Bai, F. H. (2020). EncephalApp Stroop App predicts poor sleep quality in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy due to hepatitis B-induced liver cirrhosis. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology: Official Journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association, 26(3), 120-128.
Moctezuma-Velazquez, C., Castro-Narro, G., Simó, P., Viayna, E., Aceituno, S., Soler, M., ... & Belaiche, J. (2022). Economic evaluation of long-term albumin uses in cirrhosis patients from the Mexican healthcare system perspective. *Annals of Hepatology*, 27(2), 100673.
Pawar, V. B., Surude, R. G., Sonthalia, N., Zanwar, V., Jain, S., Contractor, Q., ... & Mishra, S. (2019). Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Indians: Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score and Inhibitory Control Test for Diagnosis and Rifaximin or Lactulose for Its Reversal. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, 7(4), 304-312.
Perez, I. C., Bolte, F. J., Bigelow, W., Dickson, Z., & Shah, N. L. (2021). Step by Step: Managing the Complications of Cirrhosis. Hepatic Medicine: Evidence and Research, 13, 45-57.
Principales resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020 (2021, junio 10). [Archivo PDF]. Disponible en: [Enlace] (Añadir el enlace si está disponible)
Puentes, J. C. P., Rocha, H., Nicolau, S., & Ferrão, G. (2018). Effectiveness of the MELD/Na Score and the Child–Pugh Score for the Identification of Palliative Care Needs in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 24(4), 526-528.
Rivera-Flores, R., Morán-Villota, S., Cervantes-Barragán, L., López-Macias, C., & Uribe, M. (2020). Manipulation of microbiota with probiotics as an alternative for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Nutrition, 73, 110693.
Shahgond, L., Patel, C., Thakur, K., Sarkar, D., Acharya, S., & Patel, P. (2022). Therapeutic potential of probiotics – Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP40 and Bacillus clausii UBBC07 on thioacetamide-induced acute hepatic encephalopathy in rats. Metabolic Brain Disease, 37(1), 185-195.
Tapper, E. B., Henderson, J. B., Parikh, N. D., Ioannou, G. N., & Lok, A. S. (2019). Incidence of and Risk Factors for Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Population-Based Cohort of Americans with Cirrhosis. Hepatology Communications, 3(11), 1510-1519.
Thanapirom, K., Wongwandee, M., Suksawatamnuay, S., Thaimai, P., Siripon, N., Makhasen, W., ... & Poovorawan, Y. (2023). Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score for the Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Thai Cirrhotic Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(2), 519.
Torres, D. S., Abrantes, J., & Brandão-Mello, C. E. (2020). Cognitive and neurophysiological assessment of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy in Brazil. *Scientific Reports*, 10(1), 8610.
Trebicka, J., Fernandez, J., Papp, M., Caraceni, P., Laleman, W., Gambino, C., ... & Angeli, P. (2020). The PREDICT study uncovers three clinical courses of acutely decompensated cirrhosis that have distinct pathophysiology. *Journal of Hepatology*, 73(4), 842-854.
Velarde-Ruiz Velasco, J. A., García-Jiménez, E. S., Aldana-Ledesma, J. M., Tapia-Calderón, D. K., Tornel-Avelar, A. I., Lazcano-Becerra, M., ... & Más autores. (2022). Evaluación y manejo de emergencias en el paciente con cirrosis. Rev Gastroenterol México, 87(2), 198-215.
Voicu, D. F., Anghel, L., Baroiu, L., & Stan, D. (2020). About Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy. BRAIN Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 11(1Sup1), 70-77.
Wang, M. W., Ma, W. J., Wang, Y., Ma, X. H., Xue, Y. F., Guan, J., ... & Ren, Z. F. (2023). Comparison of the effects of probiotics, rifaximin, and lactulose in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy and gut microbiota. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1091167.
Woodhouse, C. A., Patel, V. C., Singanayagam, A., & Shawcross, D. L. (2018). Review article: the gut microbiome as a therapeutic target in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic liver disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 47(2), 192-202.
Xia, X., Chen, J., Xia, J., Wang, B., Liu, H., Yang, L., ... & Xie, Y. (2018). Role of probiotics in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with HBV-induced liver cirrhosis. Journal of International Medical Research, 46(9), 3596-3604.
Xu, X. Y., Ding, H. G., Li, W. G., Jia, J. D., Wei, L., Duan, Z. P., ... & Shang, J. Y. (2019). Chinese guidelines on management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 25(36), 5403-5422.
Yeverino-Gutiérrez, M. L., González-González, M. del R., & González-Santiago, O. (2020). Mortality From Alcohol-Related Liver Cirrhosis in Mexico (2000–2017). *Frontiers in Public Health*, 8. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.524356