Extramedullary neoplasms as a risk factor in spinal cord compression

Abstract

Introduction. Extramedullary neoplasia in spinal cord compression refers to the presence of tumors or lesions that are located outside the spinal cord and that cause compression in it. Objective. Investigate the incidence and prevalence of neoplasms that cause spinal cord compression, identifying the types of tumors most associated with this condition, as well as evaluate the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments available for these neoplasms. Methodology. Documentary-bibliographic design, exploratory, explanatory, and qualitative modality. Results. It turned out that stramedullary neoplasms that cause spinal compression include meningionama, which are slow-growing benign tumors that develop in the spinal canal; neurofibromas that develop from the cells surrounding the nerves; Schwannomas are histological tumors in the spinal cord. Among the predominant symptoms are pain, weakness in the arms, changes in vision, headache, memory loss, loss of smell, seizures, and language difficulty. Conclusion. Extramedullary neoplasia can have a significant impact on the patient's health. The severity of the symptoms and the prognosis depend on the type of neoplasm, its location, and the degree of spinal compression it causes, thus having the impact of compression of the spinal cord, intense pain in the area, paralysis of the upper and lower extremities, and finally neurological alterations.