Prevalence of intrauterine growth restriction and associated factors, Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, 2015-2019

Abstract

Introduction: intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a noble cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The objective was to determine the prevalence of IUGR and the associated factors in patients from the Gynecology and Obstetrics area of ​​the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, Cuenca Ecuador in the period 2015-2019. Methodology: a cross-sectional study of 350 electronic medical records of the AS-400 system was carried out. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24, EpiDat 3.1, frequencies, percentages, and prevalence ratio (PR) were calculated. Results: the average age of the maternal population was 29 years; five out of ten pregnant women were young adults. The distribution between urban and rural areas was similar; most of them attended secondary and university studies. 71 % were multiparous, 55 % of pregnancies ended by cesarean section. The prevalence of IUGR was 8,57 % with an asymmetric predominance (56 %). The risk factor for IUGR was hypothyroidism (PR 2,8 95 % CI 1,2–6,7). The variables obesity (PR 1,87 95% CI 0,79-4,44), anemia (PR 0,3 95 % CI 0,1-2,7), placental pathology (PR 1,3 95 % CI 0, 2–8,5), preeclampsia (PR 2,2 95 % CI 0,9–4,9) and urinary tract infection (PR 1,6 95 % CI 0,8–3,3) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: the prevalence of intrauterine growth restriction was like that of other similar studies from other regions, and the associated risk factor was hypothyroidism.