Efectividad de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva en pacientes posextubados con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

Abstract

Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (NIMV) in post-tubed patients provides mechanical ventilatory support, without the use of an artificial airway, avoiding complications from prolonged use of Mechanical Ventilation, reducing the hospital stay of the Intensive Care Unit. To determine the effectiveness of non-invasive mechanical ventilation after its establishment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that affects the improvement of the quality of life of post-tubal patients in the Intensive Care Unit of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive study; with a convenience sample directed at adult patients inside the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the population was 100 cases and the sample type was non-probability for convenience, selecting the population that met the characteristics for the research, taken from the clinical records of the AS400 system, corresponding to the period from the month of January 2018 to January 2019, an observation sheet was made that consisted of 16 items which was validated by judgments of specialists and health experts qualifying validity , relevance and coherence. The results on the management of patients diagnosed with COPD and undergoing Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation post-incubation have been shown to overcome respiratory failure, reducing muscle fatigue due to excessive use of accessory muscles; In this way, it improves arterial PH, PO2, and PCO2 levels, reducing the days of hospitalization in the ICU, pneumonia associated with invasive mechanical ventilation and reintubation, allowing a reduction in the days of hospital stay. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation applied in the early period to extubation in patients with a diagnosis of exacerbated COPD is useful to improve the results in this disease by considerably reducing the incidence of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, reintubation, and therefore the total mechanical ventilation time in the ICU.