Prevalence of prematurity and risk factors in newborns admitted to the neonatology area, Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, 2011-2015

Abstract

Prematurity, worldwide, is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, making it a real challenge for the Ecuadorian health system. The main objective of the research is to establish the prevalence of prematurity and its associated factors, in the Neonatology area of ​​the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, between 2011-2015, applying an analytical, cross-sectional observational methodology, reviewing a number of 447 clinical records of newborns, who met the inclusion criteria, statistically analyzing, reporting Odds ratio, with a confidence interval of (95%) and accepting the pi value, the relevant bioethical foundations were applied, within the results it is given that the prevalence of prematurity was (29.4%), the percentage of adolescent mothers was ( 30.3%), (56.1%) have secondary education, (36.4%) are married and (72.7%) spend the night in urban areas. The predominant sex of premature infants was male with (52.3%), (70.5%) were late preterm infants and 79.5% were small for gestational age. The risk factors that show a statistical variation relationship were: age younger than 19 years old and older than 35 years old (OR: 1.71; CI: 1.12-2.59 p: 0.01), hypertensive disorders (OR: 1.81; CI: 1.08-3.03 p: 0.02 ), intrauterine growth restriction (OR: 4.89 CI: 3.17-7.55 p: 0.000), and multiple pregnancy (OR: 2.79; CI: 1.45-5.34 p: 0.001), concluding that the prevalence of prematurity was high, a relationship was found statistically significant with: age, hypertensive disorders, intrauterine growth retardation and multiple pregnancy