Risk factors during milking are associated with bovine subclinical mastitis due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (SAMR)
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Abstract
Introducción . La mastitis es una enfermedad importante en la lechería que afecta la productividad y el bienestar de las vacas. Se manifiesta en formas clínicas, subclínicas y crónicas, de ellas, la subclínica es la más común y difícil de detectar. En Ecuador, el 50% de la producción de leche se vende sin control de calidad, lo que supone un alto riesgo de residuos de antibióticos y altos recuentos de células somáticas. Además, Staphylococcus aureus , un patógeno resistente, es un factor clave en la mastitis subclínica y puede desarrollar resistencia a la meticilina debido al mal uso de antibióticos. Objetivo. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los factores de riesgo durante el ordeño asociados a la mastitis bovina subclínica causada por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SAMR). Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda crítica para recopilar documentación sobre los factores de riesgo durante el ordeño relacionados con la mastitis bovina subclínica causada por MRSA. Se utilizaron un total de 45 artículos en inglés, español y portugués publicados entre 2019 y 2024. Resultados y Discusión. El principal factor de riesgo es la falta de higiene durante todo el proceso de ordeño. Esto, combinado con otros factores como manos sucias del ordeñador, método de ordeño, mal uso de toallas de secado y antisépticos, diferencias en la conformación de ubre y pezón, número de lactancias, período de transición y estrés, aumenta la incidencia y prevalencia de mastitis relacionadas con MRSA. Conclusión . El principal factor de riesgo es la falta de higiene en los pasos de ordeño, que, al combinarse con otros factores, facilita la entrada del patógeno causante de mastitis subclínica. Área de Estudio General. Medicina Veterinaria. Área de Estudio Específica. Ciencias Veterinarias. Tipo de Estudio. Artículo de Revisión.
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